This study, students’ perceptions of the image of a scientist in enhancement of learning attitude in Biology, employed survey research design. Four research questions and three null hypotheses guided the study. The population of the study was 12,315 Senior School 3 Biology students. A purposive sampling technique was used to select a sample size of 2,400 for the study. Two validated and reliable instruments, Perception of the Image of a Scientist Task, and Students' School Promotion Examination Results Sheet, were used to collect data for this study. Mean, standard deviation, frequency and z-test were used for data analysis. Findings revealed that academic achievement of the Senior School Biology Students whose perception is that a scientist is a white skin coloured is higher than the mean academic achievement of the Senior School Biology Students who perceived that a scientist is dark skin coloured. The researchers recommended, among others, that more female scientists should be referenced in the science textbooks in order to bridge the dichtonomy that has been created over the years. Students should be exposed to the historical concept of science and the brain behind it so as to understand the nature of science and enhance academic achievement.

Background: Neonatal morbidity and mortality remain critical public health challenges in low- and middle-income countries. Neonatal Intensive Care Units (NICUs) play an essential role in improving neonatal survival. Understanding admission patterns and clinical outcomes is vital for clinical auditing, resource allocation, and optimizing perinatal care protocols. Objective: To evaluate the patterns, clinical indications, maternal-neonatal determinants, and outcomes of neonates admitted to the NICU at Omdurman Maternity Hospital, Sudan. Methods: A hospital-based descriptive analytical cross-sectional study was conducted between October 20 and December 20, 2025. A consecutive sample of 50 neonates admitted to the NICU was enrolled. Maternal, neonatal, clinical, and therapeutic data were extracted retrospectively from medical records using a structured data collection instrument. Statistical analyses were performed using SPSS version 27.0, applying descriptive metrics and Chi-square / Fisher's exact tests to examine associations between delivery mode and clinical outcomes. Results: Most mothers were aged 25–30 years (46.0%), with 86.0% attending antenatal care. Emergency cesarean section was the primary mode of delivery (52.0%). Preterm neonates (<37 weeks) accounted for 60.0% of admissions, and low birth weight (<2500 g) constituted 84.0% (LBW: 44.0%, VLBW: 32.0%, ELBW: 8.0%). Neonatal resuscitation at birth was required in 72.0% of cases. The predominant indication for admission was respiratory distress syndrome (RDS) (74.0%), followed by suspected neonatal sepsis (18.0%). During hospitalization, acquired sepsis occurred in 28.0%, and 50.0% had a hospital stay exceeding 7 days. Overall in-hospital mortality was 2.0% (n=1), with 56.0% discharged either fully recovered or clinically improved. Mode of delivery was significantly associated with hospital-acquired sepsis (p = 0.002), but not with length of stay (p = 0.233) or final disposition (p = 0.367). Conclusion: Prematurity, low birth weight, and RDS represent the primary burden of NICU admissions in this setting. Enhancing intrapartum monitoring, universal access to continuous positive airway pressure (CPAP), and rigorous infection prevention programs are crucial to improving neonatal outcomes in resource-limited tertiary centers.

Infertility affects a significant proportion of reproductive-age couples worldwide, with multifactorial etiologies including hormonal imbalance, structural abnormalities, endometriosis, and psychosocial stress. Despite advancements in assisted reproductive technologies such as in vitro fertilization (IVF), repeated implantation failure remains a major clinical concern, often associated with both physiological and psychological determinants. This case report describes a 31-year-old female with primary infertility and underlying endometriosis who experienced two unsuccessful IVF cycles. Prior to a subsequent IVF attempt, corrective hysteroscopic intervention for cervical factors was performed. In addition, Yoga Prana Vidya (YPV), a non-touch, biofield-based complementary therapy, was introduced alongside conventional treatment. The YPV intervention included structured energy-based protocols aimed at emotional regulation, stress reduction, and targeted energizing of reproductive-related energy centers. During this cycle, the patient demonstrated improved psychological stability and reduced perceived stress. The third IVF cycle resulted in successful conception. The observed temporal association suggests that YPV may have a supportive role in modulating psychophysiological parameters relevant to implantation success

Kerala, long regarded as a model of human development in the Global South, now confronts an intensifying triple challenge in the 21st century: climate change, food insecurity and livelihood vulnerability. Rising temperatures, erratic monsoons and an increased frequency of extreme weather events have fundamentally altered the state’s ecological and socio-economic landscape. These climatic shifts are no longer distant projections but lived realities that directly undermine agricultural productivity, disrupt marine ecosystems and destabilise rural incomes, thereby threatening the very foundations of food security and sustainable livelihoods. Agriculture, which remains predominantly rain-fed and dominated by smallholders, is very sensitive to climate variability. Paddy cultivation, once central to Kerala’s agrarian economy and food system, has witnessed a dramatic contraction in area. Today, Kerala heavily dependent on inter-state imports for rice and are vulnerable to supply shocks. The fisheries sector, faces parallel pressures from climate change. Livelihood vulnerability is compounded by the climate change impacts affects particularly for women and landless labourers. In response, Kerala has initiated a suite of policy measures, including the State Action Plan on Climate Change (SAPCC), the Kerala Climate-Resilient Agri-Value Chain Modernisation (KERA) project and the Kerala State Biodiversity Strategy and Action Plan (K-SBSAP) 2025–2035. The 2026–27 budget allocates ₹2,071.95 crore to agriculture and allied sectors, with dedicated funding for climate-resilient agriculture, paddy revival missions and fisheries transformation. Thus, securing Kerala’s future demands an integrated, cross-sectoral approach that strengthens local food systems, diversifies and protects livelihoods, embeds equity and health in adaptation planning and scales up climate finance and innovation. The paper aims to examine the interlinkages among climate change, food security and livelihoods in Kerala. The choices made in this decade will determine whether Kerala navigates the 21st century through deepening vulnerability or emerges as a model of climate-resilient, inclusive and sustainable development for tropical regions worldwide.

Background: Burnout is a significant occupational phenomenon, particularly prevalent among healthcare professionals due to the demanding and emotionally taxing nature of their work. The World Health Organization (2019) officially recognized burnout as a syndrome resulting from chronic workplace stress that has not been successfully managed. It is characterized by emotional exhaustion, depersonalization, and a reduced sense of personal accomplishment (Maslach & Jackson, 1981). In the Kingdom of Saudi Arabia, studies have indicated alarmingly high levels of burnout among nurses across various clinical settings. A study by Alenezi et al., (2019) found that approximately 62% of nurses in Saudi hospitals experience moderate to high levels of burnout. This issue is particularly concerning in pediatric and maternity settings, where emotional demands are intensified by the vulnerability of the patient population and the expectations of families. Several factors have been identified as contributing to nurse burnout in these settings, including long working hours, staff shortages, high patient loads, shift work, and inadequate managerial or emotional support (Al-Turki et al., 2010; Chemali et al., 2019). These pressures are often exacerbated during the winter season, which is associated with higher pediatric admission rates due to seasonal illnesses, resulting in increased stress and workload for nurses (Almutairi et al., 2021). Objective: This study aims to assess the prevalence of burnout among pediatric nurses working in Maternity and Children Hospital in Dammam during the winter season. It also seeks to identify the main risk factors contributing to burnout and to explore the coping strategies used by nurses. Methods: A cross-sectional study was conducted using a self-administered questionnaire based on the Copenhagen Burnout Inventory (CBI). Which defined as a free and validated tool developed to measure burnout in different domains of life particularly among healthcare workers (Kristensen et al., 2005). The CBI consists of three sub-scales: personal burnout, work-related burnout, and patient-related burnout. The survey was distributed to approximately 80 pediatric nurses working in the Pediatric Emergency Room (PER) and Pediatric Medical Ward at a Maternity and Children Hospital. The sample size was calculated using Slovin’s formula to ensure adequate representation. Data were analyzed using descriptive and inferential statistics to assess burnout levels and identify associated risk factors. Results: The findings indicated high levels of burnout among pediatric nurses across all three CBI domains. The highest scores were observed in the work-related and patientrelated burnout sub-scales, reflecting the demanding nature of pediatric care. The most prominent contributing factors were excessive workload and insufficient managerial support. Nurses reported several coping mechanisms, including peer support, relaxation and mindfulness techniques, and the expressed need for more qualified pediatric staff to distribute the workload more evenly. Conclusion: Burnout among pediatric nurses in this hospital is alarmingly high, particularly during the winter season. Addressing key risk factors and enhancing coping strategies is essential to improving nurse well-being and ensuring high-quality patient care.

This study, students' perceptions of the image of a scientist in the enhancement of achievement in senior school Biology, was carried out using survey research design in Ogbia and Yenagoa Local Government Areas of Bayelsa State. Four research questions and three null hypotheses were posted. The population of the study was 12,315 Senior School Three Biology students. The sample of the study was 2,400 Senior School Three Biology Students. A purposive sampling technique was used to obtain the sample of the study. Two validated and reliable instruments, Perception of the Image of a Scientist Task and Students' School Promotion Examination Results Sheet, were used to collect data for this study. Data were analyzed using mean, standard deviation, frequency and z-test. The results were that more Senior School Three Biology Students perceived that a scientist is a male than those who perceived a scientist as a female. The female students who perceived that a scientist is a male were more than their female counterparts who perceived that scientist is a female. The researcher recommended, among others, that more female students should be encouraged to study science, including Biology and related courses to disabuse the perception that more males than females are scientists; science teachers should teach the students history and contributions of scientists to concepts in science and development of the society.

Background: While parental presence during pediatric dental procedures has been extensively debated, the influence of sibling presence remains largely unexplored. Siblings may provide comfort and assurance to the child through familiarity and modelling, but they can also act as a source of distraction or disrupt clinical setting. This study will help to understand the pediatric dentist’s perspectives on this underexplored aspect which can help develop balanced approaches for managing family involvement in the operatory. Aim: To assess the self-reported attitudes, experiences and clinical observations of pediatric dentists regarding parental and sibling presence in the dental operatory during pediatric dental procedures, using an online questionnaire-based survey. Methodology: The study was conducted as a cross sectional, questionnaire-based survey among 200 licensed pediatric dentists and pediatric dentistry postgraduate residents in Kerala. Participants were invited to complete a structured, self-administered online questionnaire designed to assess their attitudes towards parental and sibling presence during pediatric dental procedures. Responses were collected anonymously and analyzed using descriptive statistics to summarize trends, while inferential statistics will be applied to evaluate associations between demographic/ professional characteristics and attitudes. Results: Among 200 pediatric dental practitioners, parental presence was commonly permitted and largely perceived to enhance child cooperation and communication, particularly during invasive and behavioral management procedures. Sibling presence was more selectively allowed, considered most beneficial for preschool-aged children and during non-invasive care. While many dentists reported occasional negative impacts of family presence, favorable perceptions significantly influenced clinical practice (p < 0.001). Practice setting, but not years of experience, was associated with allowing sibling presence.

Recovery after oral and maxillofacial interventions often involves temporary functional limitations and visible postoperative changes that may affect psychological well-being and social participation. Conventional postoperative care focuses primarily on surgical success and complication prevention, while supportive recovery experiences receive comparatively less attention. This paper presents a conceptual interdisciplinary framework for integrating non-invasive aesthetic support procedures, specifically specialized compression-vibration protocols and localized microcurrent applications, into recovery pathways following oral and maxillofacial interventions. The conceptual model emphasizes patient-reported recovery experience, collaborative practice, and structured recovery support without replacing conventional medical care. Special attention is given to the role of aesthetic professionals in multidisciplinary environments and to the practical limitations associated with non-medical supportive interventions.

Industrial harmony is a precondition for economic productivity, and the manner in which a legal system channels and resolves conflict between capital and labour is accordingly a matter of first-order national importance. Nigeria has, over the past five decades, constructed a multi-tiered statutory framework for the resolution of industrial disputes, anchored in the Trade Disputes Act, the Trade Unions Act, the National Industrial Court Act and, since 2010, the Constitution of the Federal Republic of Nigeria (Third Alteration) Act. That framework contemplates a graduated sequence of dispute-resolution mechanisms (internal negotiation and collective bargaining, mediation, statutory conciliation, arbitration before the Industrial Arbitration Panel, and ultimately adjudication before the National Industrial Court) undergirded by stringent statutory preconditions for the lawful exercise of the right to strike or lockout. This article undertakes a comprehensive doctrinal appraisal of that framework. It traces the statutory and institutional architecture of dispute resolution, situates the regulation of strikes and lock-outs (including the contentious statutory concept of 'essential services') within Nigeria's obligations under core International Labour Organisation Conventions, and critically evaluates the framework's principal strengths and weaknesses in light of decided cases and the accumulated scholarly commentary. The article contends that while the post-2010 constitutional entrenchment of the National Industrial Court has considerably strengthened the adjudicatory limb of the framework, the conciliation-and-arbitration limb inherited from 1976 remains slow, executive-dominated and doctrinally out of step with international best practice, and that the statutory conception of essential services operates, in practice, as a near-total prohibition on the right to strike. The article concludes with concrete recommendations for legislative reform.

Background: Cultural competence is increasingly recognized as a vital component of nursing practice, particularly in multicultural healthcare environments such as Saudi Arabia, where expatriates comprise the majority of the nursing workforce. Objective: To examine the relationship between nurses’ cultural competence and their perceptions of patient-centered care in a tertiary hospital in Riyadh. Methods: A descriptive correlational design was employed. A total of 166 nurses were surveyed using the Nurse Cultural Competence Scale (NCCS) and the Individualized Care Scale–Nurse (ICS-Nurse). Data were analyzed using descriptive statistics, chi-square tests, and Pearson correlation. Results: Nurses demonstrated moderate cultural competence (mean = 2.85, SD = 1.09) and high perceptions of patient-centered care (mean = 3.96, SD = 0.86). A weak positive correlation was observed between cultural competence and patient-centered care (r = 0.1285, p = 0.099). Nationality significantly influenced both cultural competence (χ² = 64.750, p < 0.001) and patient-centered care perceptions (χ² = 69.935, p < 0.001), while sex, educational attainment, and years of expertise showed no significant associations. Conclusion: Cultural competence modestly influences nurses’ perceptions of patient-centered care. Ongoing training programs and organizational policies that emphasize cultural awareness and communication are essential to enhance care quality in diverse healthcare settings.

Background: Preterm birth is a major contributor to perinatal morbidity and mortality, with substantial immediate and long-term consequences for newborns. The present study was undertaken to assess the association between multiple pregnancy and preterm birth and to compare gestational age at delivery between singleton and multiple pregnancies among women attending a tertiary-care hospital in Bangladesh. Methods: This hospital-based observational study was conducted at the Department of Obstetrics and Gynaecology, Dhaka Medical College Hospital, Dhaka, Bangladesh, from January to June 2019 among 60 pregnant women. Sociodemographic and pregnancy-related data were collected, and preterm birth was defined as delivery before 37 completed weeks. Data were analyzed using frequencies, percentages, and the chi-square test, with p<0.05 considered statistically significant. Results: Among 60 participants, most were aged 21–25 years (35.0%), urban residents (56.7%), had secondary education (41.7%), and were multigravida (55.0%). Singleton pregnancies comprised 75.0%, while multiple pregnancies comprised 25.0%. Overall, 41.7% delivered preterm, predominantly at 32–36 weeks (28.3%). Preterm birth was significantly higher in multiple than singleton pregnancies (80.0% vs. 28.9%, p<0.001), with multiple pregnancies showing a greater concentration of deliveries before 37 weeks. Conclusion: Multiple pregnancy was significantly associated with an increased risk of preterm birth and earlier gestational age at delivery.

The challenges associated with the evolving energy systems call for an intelligent DC energy management system (EMS) crucial for enhanced efficiency, improved reliability, and cooperative energy sharing. This paper presents a strategy of EMS for a DC microgrid with energy-sharing capability through a cooperative battery bank model by employing a SIMULINK/MATLAB simulation. Each nanogrid of the microgrid cluster utilizes an energy flow switching circuit to connect its PV array, DC load, and individual battery unit. The proposed microgrid comprises four nanogrids having individual battery units linked together via switches and a communication link, forming a cooperative bank model. By taking into account the instantaneous PV-load imbalance, the EMS regulates the energy flow at each nanogrid, while allows for energy sharing between nanogrids determined by the state-of-charge (SOC) of the battery bank. The simulated results validate the exactness of the presented method. Furthermore, the approach is simple in terms of both the system’s framework and its management, and also extendable to any number of nanogirds’ cluster using an array of switches for the interconnection among them and their batteries.

This study examines the socio-ecological conflicts and usage dynamics between shellfish farmers and small-scale artisanal fishermen in the Bizerte Lagoon, Tunisia. Using a qualitative approach based on ten semi-structured interviews conducted in 2026, alongside direct field observations and institutional analysis, we investigate the root causes of the structural tensions that culminated in a severe episode of vandalism in November 2019, where mussel-farming installations in Menzel Abderrahmane were systematically destroyed. Our findings reveal three primary dimensions of conflict: (1) a causal dispute regarding the origins of lagoon pollution, where fishermen blame shellfish farming for ecological degradation while farmers point to external industrial and domestic waste; (2) unequal institutional recognition, with both groups feeling abandoned by state authorities; and (3) a clash of incompatible temporalities between historical, traditional fishing rights and modern, long-term aquaculture investments. Rather than a mere material resource competition, this situation represents a profound conflict of recognition. We propose a shared governance framework based on marine spatial planning, collaborative environmental co-diagnosis, and the establishment of permanent multi-stakeholder mediation platforms to transition from destructive conflict toward sustainable, integrated coastal zone management.

Background: Electrolyte disturbances are frequently encountered in patients with Type 2 Diabetes Mellitus (T2DM) and are closely associated with poor glycaemic regulation, renal dysfunction, cardiovascular complications, and increased morbidity. Pharmacist-led interventions have emerged as a valuable strategy for optimizing therapeutic outcomes; however, their influence on long-term electrolyte homeostasis remains inadequately characterized. Objective: To evaluate the longitudinal impact of pharmacist-provided educational and therapeutic interventions on electrolyte balance among patients with T2DM over a 12-month follow-up period. Methods: A controlled longitudinal study was conducted involving patients with T2DM allocated to either an interventional group receiving structured pharmacist-led care or a control group receiving standard management. Serial assessments of serum sodium, potassium, chloride, calcium, magnesium, and phosphorus were performed at baseline and at 3-, 6-, 9-, and 12-month intervals. Temporal changes in electrolyte parameters were analyzed using comparative statistical methods, with significance established at p<0.05. Results: Participants receiving pharmacist intervention demonstrated substantial and sustained improvements in electrolyte regulation throughout the study period. Significant reductions in serum sodium and potassium concentrations were observed in the interventional cohort, accompanied by progressive normalization of chloride levels (p<0.001). Magnesium concentrations increased markedly from baseline, indicating enhanced metabolic and cellular electrolyte equilibrium. Calcium levels remained physiologically stable, whereas phosphorus concentrations exhibited a modest but significant decline over time. In contrast, the control group displayed comparatively limited or inconsistent electrolyte modulation across follow-up assessments. The magnitude and consistency of change were significantly greater among intervention recipients, suggesting superior maintenance of electrolyte homeostasis. Conclusion: Pharmacist-led interventions exerted a pronounced positive effect on long-term electrolyte stability in patients with T2DM. Integrating clinical pharmacists into multidisciplinary diabetes care may facilitate improved metabolic regulation, enhance biochemical monitoring, and mitigate the risk of electrolyte-related complications, ultimately contributing to better clinical outcomes and disease management.

Extended periods of immobilization and systemic health stressors may affect physical comfort, perceived wellness, and overall recovery experiences. Traditional recovery approaches primarily focus on medical stabilization and functional restoration, while supportive wellness strategies remain comparatively fragmented. This paper presents a conceptual framework for organizing non-invasive supportive interventions, combining hardware massage (pressotherapy) with wellness-oriented cosmetic applications to support recovery experiences after periods of reduced physical activity or systemic physiological stress. The framework emphasizes wellness-oriented recovery, interdisciplinary collaboration, and the structured integration of non-invasive supportive practices into broader recovery ecosystems.