This study presents an applied research approach aimed at implementing a continuous improvement framework for the development of commercial strategies within an emerging company. The proposed framework integrates information gathering, data analysis, and strategic design within an iterative cycle supported by project management tools. Its primary objective is to structure commercial decision-making processes and enhance sales performance through measurable and replicable mechanisms. The methodology combines qualitative data collection, analytical processing, and project planning techniques, incorporating the Earned Value Method (EVM) as a control tool to monitor execution in terms of scope, time, and cost. The results demonstrate that EVM enables objective performance tracking, identifying schedule deviations (SPI = 0.67) while maintaining cost efficiency (CPI = 1.02). This facilitated the implementation of timely corrective actions and the consolidation of commercial strategies aligned with key performance indicators.

Background: Polycystic Ovary Syndrome (PCOS) is a prevalent endocrine disorder in which insulin resistance (IR) drives reproductive and metabolic abnormalities. Baseline characterization of clinical, hormonal, and IR profiles is critical for personalized management. Objective: To establish baseline clinical, hormonal, and IR profiles in women with PCOS and examine correlations between IR severity and phenotypic features. Methods: This randomized controlled trial enrolled 90 women with PCOS (Rotterdam 2003 criteria) and IR (HOMA-IR >2.0) aged 18–40 years at BSMMU, Dhaka, Bangladesh (July 2023–June 2024). Clinical, hormonal, and metabolic parameters were assessed. Correlations with HOMA-IR and comparisons between mild-moderate (HOMA-IR 2.1–3.5) and severe IR (>3.5) groups were performed. Results: Mean age was 25.3±3.7 years; mean BMI 26.1±2.5 kg/m². Oligomenorrhea (96.7%), hirsutism (90.0%), acanthosis nigricans (73.3%), and primary infertility (81.1%) were common. Hormonal profile showed elevated LH/FSH ratio (1.72±0.59), elevated total testosterone (2.8±0.9 nmol/L), elevated free androgen index (10.5±4.2), and low SHBG (28.4±8.6 nmol/L). Mean HOMA-IR was 3.46±0.96 despite normal fasting glucose. HOMA-IR correlated positively with BMI (r=0.52), waist circumference (r=0.48), testosterone (r=0.41), and FAI (r=0.46), and negatively with SHBG (r=-0.38), but not with LH or LH/FSH ratio. Severe IR group had significantly higher adiposity and androgens and lower SHBG than mild-moderate IR group, with no difference in gonadotropins. Conclusion: In Bangladeshi women with PCOS, IR severity is associated with greater adiposity and hyperandrogenemia but not with gonadotropin abnormalities. Routine IR assessment is essential for phenotype-guided therapy.

The coming and evolution of technology have seen its adoption in many domains, including the financial sector, following the introduction of online or digital financial transactions. This method of money transfer has been adopted by many financial institutions, with the microfinance sector being very active in it. The increased use of this mode of money transfer has led to numerous consumer rights violations, an increase in money laundering, and other unacceptable activities by individuals with malicious intent. The boiling point here is the laxity of the legislator in solving these difficulties encountered in online transactions within the microfinance sector in Cameroon. This scientific article is aimed at assessing the regulatory oversight of online transactions in MFIs in Cameroon, with a focus on the impact of regulatory laxity. It aims to assess the effectiveness with which the regulator of online financial transactions in the microfinance sector in Cameroon ensures the smooth operation of such transactions within the sector, taking into consideration their significance for consumer protection, financial stability, and, above all, financial inclusion. Through an examination of the current regulatory framework, analysis of risks, challenges, and explorations of policy recommendations, this work provides significant insight for policymakers, regulators, and stakeholders in addressing regulatory loopholes and ensuring an effective system for online transactions in the microfinance sector in Cameroon.

Background: Cholangiocarcinoma is a malignant tumor of the biliary epithelium with poor prognosis due to late presentation. Histopathology is the gold standard for diagnosis but is invasive and limited in assessing tumor extent. Triphasic multidetector computed tomography (MDCT) offers a non-invasive alternative for evaluation. Objective: To assess the diagnostic role of triphasic MDCT in characterizing cholangiocarcinoma and to correlate imaging findings with histopathology. Methods: This cross-sectional study was conducted at Bangabandhu Sheikh Mujib Medical University, Dhaka, from September 2022 to August 2024. A total of 33 patients with suspected cholangiocarcinoma underwent triphasic MDCT. Imaging findings regarding lesion characteristics, location, growth pattern, vascular invasion, lymph node involvement, and enhancement patterns were analyzed. Histopathology was used as the reference standard. Diagnostic performance was calculated using sensitivity, specificity, positive predictive value (PPV), negative predictive value (NPV), and accuracy. Results: The mean age was 65.6 ± 7.51 years, with 66.7% males. Most tumors were perihilar (63.64%) and periductal infiltrating (60.6%). Ill-defined margins (69.7%) and delayed enhancement (81.82%) were common findings. Vascular invasion and lymph node involvement were seen in 27.3% and 39.39% of cases, respectively. MDCT showed a sensitivity of 89.66%, specificity of 75%, accuracy of 87.88%, PPV of 96.3%, and NPV of 50%, with a significant correlation with histopathology (p = 0.01). Conclusion: Triphasic MDCT is a reliable, non-invasive modality with high diagnostic accuracy for cholangiocarcinoma and is valuable for tumor characterization and staging.

Workforce productivity remains a key factor in the performance of service-oriented organizations where employee activity directly affects service delivery and operational outcomes. Effective productivity measurement requires systematic analysis of workforce performance indicators and operational data. This study presents a workforce productivity measurement framework designed for service environments. The framework integrates workforce analytics, management information systems data, and operational performance indicators to calculate a Workforce Productivity Index (WPI). The model uses several indicators, including task completion rate, customer satisfaction score, operational efficiency index, attendance consistency, and service response time. Enterprise information systems provide operational records that support quantitative evaluation of workforce productivity across service teams. The proposed model combines these indicators through a weighted productivity formula that generates productivity scores for employees or operational units. Evaluation results show clear performance differences across workforce groups and identify productivity patterns within service operations. Higher productivity scores correspond to efficient task completion, consistent attendance, and positive service feedback. The framework provides a structured approach for productivity evaluation using operational indicators and enterprise system data. The proposed model also supports workforce performance assessment and organizational productivity analysis within service-based operations.

Industrial IoT systems rely heavily on wireless communication, yet security and regulatory compliance are often addressed separately during system development. This paper examines how wireless infrastructure security can be integrated with electromagnetic compatibility (EMC) and radio frequency (RF) regulatory requirements at the design stage. It analyzes common wireless attack vectors in industrial settings, including jamming, spoofing, and protocol exploitation, and evaluates how regulatory constraints influence hardware and network architecture decisions. A security centered device architecture is proposed where RF shielding, grounding schemes, spectrum allocation, and firmware isolation are treated as interconnected design elements. The framework incorporates zero trust communication principles within industrial wireless networks while maintaining compliance with EMC standards such as IEC 61000 and relevant RF certification requirements. The study demonstrates that early coordination between cybersecurity engineering and compliance engineering reduces redesign cycles and certification delays. The proposed model offers a structured pathway for building industrial wireless systems that meet both security and regulatory obligations without post development modifications.

Enterprise web systems support many organizational functions, including digital transactions, cloud services, data storage, and enterprise software operations. As these systems operate across distributed infrastructures, traditional security models based on static authentication and network boundaries face significant limitations. This study proposes an identity-centric security model that integrates identity authentication, identity profiling, behavioral monitoring, risk evaluation, and policy-based access control within a unified framework. The model evaluates identity activity continuously during active sessions instead of relying only on initial login verification. Identity profiles contain contextual information derived from authentication attributes, device information, location data, and historical usage patterns. Behavioral monitoring observes session activity and identifies deviations from established patterns. A risk evaluation mechanism combines authentication irregularities and behavioral deviations to calculate identity risk scores. These scores guide policy-based access decisions within enterprise applications. Experimental analysis using simulated enterprise session data indicates improved anomaly detection capability, faster response to suspicious activity, and higher accuracy in access decisions compared with traditional role-based access control systems. Continuous monitoring and adaptive policy evaluation allow enterprise platforms to react to changing identity conditions during system interaction. The findings indicate that identity-centric security frameworks provide a context-aware approach for protecting enterprise web systems.

Solar photovoltaic systems are increasingly connected to smart grids, making equipment reliability a major concern. Failures in solar inverters and grid connected components reduce energy output and increase operational cost. Most existing predictive maintenance studies focus either on PV systems or on smart grid assets separately and rely mainly on centralized cloud processing. This paper proposes a unified predictive maintenance framework that integrates solar inverter and smart grid monitoring within an edge-based architecture. Electrical and thermal signals are processed locally, where time and frequency domain features are extracted and analyzed using a CNN–LSTM model for real time fault classification. A health index model is applied to estimate remaining useful life for condition-based maintenance planning. Experimental results show 96.8% classification accuracy and a reduction in inference latency from 85 ms in cloud-based processing to 18 ms at the edge. The proposed framework reduces communication load, supports faster decision making, and improves operational stability in distributed renewable energy systems.

Enterprise reporting platforms support organizational analysis through automated reports and analytical dashboards that process operational and financial data. Despite their widespread use in business intelligence environments, limited research examines the internal operational behavior of these platforms. Most studies address predictive analytics, enterprise data management, or system monitoring rather than analytical diagnosis of reporting activities. This study proposes a diagnostic analytics framework for evaluating performance within enterprise reporting systems. The framework examines report generation logs, query execution records, and system interaction data to interpret reporting behavior and identify abnormal execution patterns. The methodological process includes log data collection, preprocessing, feature extraction, and statistical anomaly detection using report execution time metrics. Several diagnostic indicators support the analysis, including query processing duration, concurrent user activity, data processing volume, and execution failure frequency. Analytical results show that most reports operate within normal execution ranges, while a smaller group demonstrates unusually long execution durations. These events correspond with high database workload and complex query operations. The results indicate that operational log data provide meaningful insight into reporting platform performance. The proposed framework offers a structured analytical approach for identifying reporting delays and evaluating system efficiency within enterprise reporting environments.

Digital banking platforms generate large volumes of operational information through transaction processing systems, system logs, and customer communication channels. Many studies examine transaction monitoring, fraud detection, and cybersecurity events. Customer interaction records receive less attention as a source of operational risk information. This study investigates the use of customer interaction data as indicators of operational conditions in digital banking platforms. The research examines interaction records collected from support tickets, complaint submissions, chat conversations, and service request logs. These records are analyzed together with Management Information System (MIS) event logs in order to identify recurring service issues and operational patterns. The proposed analytical framework organizes interaction data through several stages that include data collection, preprocessing, interaction pattern detection, and operational risk indicator generation. Repeated reports related to transaction delays, authentication failures, and application performance problems appear within the interaction dataset. These patterns correspond to operational events recorded in system activity logs. The study also introduces a quantitative operational risk score calculated from the frequency and severity of interaction categories. The results indicate that customer interaction datasets contain measurable signals related to operational disruptions within digital banking platforms. The analytical framework demonstrates that interaction records provide an additional information source for operational monitoring and risk analysis in digital financial services.

Despite increasing global attention to improving women’s healthcare experiences, limited research has examined how cultural expectations and health system structures influence women’s pain management experiences. This study investigated women’s perceptions, expectations, and satisfaction with pain management provided by caregivers in hospitals in the Eastern Region of Saudi Arabia. A descriptive, cross-sectional design was employed, involving 307 women who experienced pain and sought care in outpatient clinics or emergency departments. Data were collected using the validated Pain Treatment Satisfaction Scale (PTSS). Descriptive statistics summarized demographic characteristics and satisfaction levels, while the Kruskal–Wallis test examined differences in perceptions, expectations, and satisfaction across groups. Results showed that 72% of participants believed pain medication was effective, and 45.3% reported that it met their expectations. Approximately half of the women were “satisfied,” and about one-fourth were “very satisfied” across all items (22.5%–31.9%). The highest “very satisfied” ratings were for nursing care related to pain (30.3%) and pain medication (31.9%). Younger women (20–25 years) reported higher satisfaction, expectations, and positive perceptions of pain management compared to women over 45 years. The findings highlight the need for personalized, culturally competent, and communication-centered pain management approaches that consider women’s emotional, social, and demographic contexts.

This article examines the evolving, dual role of Nigerian legal practitioners within the anti-money laundering (AML) and counter-terrorism financing (CFT) framework. It traces the historical emergence of money laundering in Nigeria. It analyses the progressive development of legal and regulatory responses, highlighting the profession’s initial resistance to being designated as a Designated Non-Financial Business or Profession (DNFBPs). This resistance, rooted in the sanctity of attorney-client privilege, created a regulatory gap that was often exploited for illicit financial flows. The article critically assesses the pivotal shift introduced by Chapter Two of the 2023 Rules of Professional Conduct (RPC) for legal practitioners. This new chapter represents the legal profession’s formal, self-regulatory acknowledgement of its responsibility in combating financial crimes. It imposes specific obligations on lawyers, including client due diligence (CDD), record-keeping, risk assessment, and the mandatory reporting of suspicious transactions to the Nigerian Bar Association Anti-Money Laundering Committee (NBAAMLC). This research adopts a doctrinal research method. The RPC 2023, particularly Chapter Two, imposes significant Anti-Money Laundering and Combating the Financing of Terrorism (AML/CTF) obligations on legal practitioners, effectively casting them in a "dual role" as both zealous advocates for their clients and essential gatekeepers for the financial system. This dual mandate creates an inherent tension, particularly concerning the sacred duty of client confidentiality and the mandatory reporting of suspicious transactions. Finally, the article identifies key challenges to the effective implementation of this new ethical regime, including potential resistance from practitioners, weak enforcement mechanisms, and inadequate awareness. It concludes that for Nigeria’s AML/CFT efforts to be robust, lawyers must embrace their dual role not merely as client advocates but as essential gatekeepers of the financial system’s integrity. The successful implementation of Chapter Two’s provisions will be crucial to reshaping professional ethics and bolstering Nigeria's fight against money laundering and terrorism financing.

The purpose of the study was to determine the multiple physical training regimens on selected physical fitness variables among college men handball players. To attain the purpose sixty (N=60) Handball players studying various affiliated colleges in Alagappa University, Karaikudi, Tamil Nadu, India. Their age is between 17 and 21 years. The selected subjects were divided at random into four groups of fifteen each (n=15). Group-I underwent High-Intensity Interval Training (HIIT), Group-II underwent Functional Training (FT), Group-III underwent Combined High-Intensity Interval Training and Functional Training (HIITFT) and Group-IV acted as Control group(CG). Speed was selected as dependent variable and it was assessed by 50 meters run. The duration of the training period was restricted to eight weeks and number of sessions is five days per week. The data was collected prior to and immediately after the training period of eight weeks. The data obtained from the experimental groups before and after the experimental period were analyzed by using the statistical technique with depended ‘t’ test and Analysis of Covariance (ANCOVA). Whenever, the obtained ‘F’ ratio for the adjusted post-test was found to be significant the Scheffe's Post hoc test was used to access the paired mean differences. In all cases, 0.05 level is fixed as level of confidence to test the significance which is considered as appropriate. The results of the study observed that there is a notable difference among High-Intensity Interval Training (HIIT) group, Functional Training (FT) group, combined High-Intensity Interval Training (HIIT) and Functional Training (FT) group and Control group on Speed. Further the results of the study concluded that combined High-Intensity Interval Training (HIIT) and Functional Training (FT) group is better than groups on developing Speed.

In the crystalline basement terrains of Southwestern Nigeria, groundwater exploration remains a significant challenge due to the extreme lateral and vertical heterogeneity of the subsurface. This study investigates the Agbaje–Ijokodo area in Ibadan, a region historically plagued by high borehole failure rates, using an integrated geophysical approach. By combining 1D Vertical Electrical Sounding (VES) at 28 locations with 2D Electrical Resistivity Tomography (ERT) across 14 profiles, we mapped the complex architecture of the local aquifer system. The results reveal a predominant three-layer geoelectric sequence: a clayey topsoil, a weathered saprolite layer (averaging 10.8 m in thickness), and a basal fractured-to-fresh basement. Interpretation of geoelectric curves, primarily H-type (57%) and Dar-Zarrouk parameters indicates that while the weathered regolith provides storage, its productivity is often hampered by high clay content. Critical secondary porosity was identified in deep-seated fracture zones and basement depressions, particularly in the Agbaje sector, where reflection coefficients below 0.75 and longitudinal conductance values (0.2 - 0.69 mhos) suggest both high groundwater potential and moderate protective capacity. In contrast, the Ijokodo area is characterized by shallow bedrock ridges and thin overburden, explaining its poor-to-fair yield history. These findings suggest that sustainable groundwater development in the area must shift from targeting shallow saprolite to deeper, localized fracture networks. This research demonstrates that an integrated resistivity framework is indispensable for reducing the risks associated with borehole siting in complex metamorphic terrains.

The ready-made garment (RMG) sector in Bangladesh has emerged as one of the most significant drivers of economic growth and employment over the past three decades. The industry accounts for the majority of the country’s export earnings and employs millions of workers, the majority of whom are women from rural and economically disadvantaged backgrounds. While the sector has contributed substantially to women’s economic participation and empowerment, female garment workers continue to experience multiple occupational challenges, including excessive workload, unsafe working conditions, long working hours, and limited access to occupational health resources. These factors often contribute to heightened levels of occupational stress and adversely affect workers’ physical and psychological wellbeing. Scholars have widely acknowledged that occupational stress arises when job demands exceed an individual’s capacity to cope with those demands, leading to negative outcomes such as fatigue, anxiety, reduced productivity, and long-term health problems (Karasek & Theorell, 1990; Bakker & Demerouti, 2017). Within labor-intensive industries such as garment manufacturing, these stressors are frequently intensified by production pressures, strict deadlines, and limited worker autonomy. This study examines the relationship between occupational stress, workplace safety conditions, and the overall wellbeing of female garment workers in Bangladesh. Drawing on a mixed-methods research design, the study integrates quantitative survey data collected from female garment workers with qualitative insights obtained through in-depth interviews. The research explores the prevalence of occupational stress, workers’ perceptions of safety practices within factories, and the implications of these conditions for physical health, mental wellbeing, and job satisfaction. The findings indicate that a large proportion of female garment workers experience moderate to high levels of occupational stress associated with production targets, repetitive work, inadequate rest periods, and limited managerial support. Moreover, although safety reforms have been introduced in the industry following major industrial disasters, many workers still report concerns regarding emergency preparedness, workplace ergonomics, and access to protective equipment. These workplace conditions significantly influence worker wellbeing, contributing to health issues such as chronic fatigue, musculoskeletal pain, psychological distress, and reduced life satisfaction. The study highlights the critical need for improved occupational health policies, stronger enforcement of workplace safety regulations, and the integration of psychosocial support systems within garment factories. By addressing both structural and psychosocial aspects of workplace conditions, policymakers and industry stakeholders can contribute to improving the wellbeing, productivity, and long-term sustainability of the garment workforce in Bangladesh.