The present study is to evaluate the inhibitory activity of α-amylase and α-glucosidase enzymes in the methanol extracts of marine red alga Tolypiocladia glomerulata. The methanol extract of red alga T. glomerulata showed concentration dependent α-glucosidase inhibitory and with achieved maximum activity of 87.08 ± 0.01% at a concentration of 900 µg/mL in a manner IC50 = 608 µg/mL. Similarly the dose dependent effect was observed against α- amylase enzyme with 81.25 ± 0.02% of inhibition at 900 µg/mL (IC50 = 543 µg/mL). The above results were compared with that of the standard drug Acarbose. It can be concluded that the methanol extracts of red alga T. glomerulata exert an effective antidiabetic activity and considered as a potential candidate for the management of diabetes mellitus.

Pregnancy in non – communicating rudimentary horn is very rare. Here is a case of 24 year old woman presenting with pain abdomen. After clinical, sonological and MRI scan revealed pregnancy in non – communicating rudimentary horn. Since it is acute abdomen, the patient was operated and excision of the rudimentary horn with pregnancy insitu. Timely intervention saved the woman’s life, thus preventing massive intra peritoneal bleeding secondary to rupture of the pregnant rudimentary horn

In Côte d'Ivoire very few studies have been devoted to the exploration of iron status among school-age children. This study aims to evaluate iron status in children aged 5 to 11 years in good health in three canteens of three municipalities in of Abidjan (Côte d'Ivoire). A total of 103 students, including 42 girls and 61 boys were selected for this study. Blood samples were taken in each of these children in order to investigate some parameters of blood count and determine some biochemical parameters of iron status. The mean values of various biological parameters of iron status were normal in accordance to physiological reference values from the literature with the exception of hemoglobin in boys which is below normal rate. All parameters did not indicate significant differences between girls and boys (p > 0.05). Our study indicated that in children about two out of three have abnormal iron status. Abnormal iron status is composed respectively by 3.9% of iron deficiency, 8.7% iron deficiency anaemia, 22.3% of simple inflammatory anemia and 23.3% of inflammatory anaemia associated to deficiency martial. Iron deficiency anemia was the only type of nutritional anaemia noted in this work. In addition, we observed two types of anaemia of inflammatory origin.

Abstract: Medical education has undergone major changes from teacher centered to student centered, from discipline based to integrated, from hospital based to community based curriculum and is more focused on formative learning. Medical professionals are looking at aids to cope with the information overload. The processing capability of desktop and the communication attributes of the mobile phone has merged together to create a device which offers limitless access to medical resources. Physicians prefer a Smartphone, which has multiple functions to offer. They are making increasing use of mobile devices in support of their clinical practice and professional development, and their profile in medical education is also growing.

Abstract: This paper studies the performance of single cylinder, 4-stroke, variable compression ratio, spark timing, and equivalence ratio, spark ignition Ricardo E6 engine, fuelled with supplemented hydrogen to LPG. The results indicated that the higher useful compression ratio (HUCR) for a mixture of two gasses was (10.5:1). The brake power when the engine was fueled with LPG had higher than that when it was fed with hydrogen. However, when mixing two fuels, the brake power increased and became greater than that when fueled with LPG to a certain limit (the hydrogen volumetric ratio in the mixture reached 70%). After this limit the brake power reduced by increasing hydrogen volumetric ratio. At equivalence ratios between (Ø=1-1.1), the brake power got its highest value when mixing the two fuels. The results showed that the engine could be operated with very lean equivalence ratios with additional hydrogen. The brake specific fuel consumption reduced while the indicated thermal efficiency increased when hydrogen volumetric fraction was increased.

Abstract: The arterial supply of the interventricular septum was studied by macroscopic and radiological examination after injecting radio-opaque material in 50 human hearts. During macroscopic study many intercoronary anastomoses were found in different regions of heart though they were short in length, small in caliber and thin walled. At radiological examination, the small septal arteries arising from the posterior interventricular artery and large septal arteries from the anterior interventricular artery were observed. The secondary branches from the main septal arteries displayed diverse patterns on the right and left sides of the septum. During radiological study, it was also recognized that the short septal rami from the posterior descending artery were distributed over the posterior or inferior one-third of the septum except its apical zone while the anterior descending artery through its septal branches supplied the ventral two-thirds of the septum and whole of the apical portion. Straight intercoronary anastomotic vessels were clearly discernible within the interventricular septum during radiological examination.

The interest in energy conservation and management comes from the increased demand on energy in the present day. This issue has become necessary to achieve sustainable development of the society. Energy conservation means the change in the pattern of energy consumption and pursued to reduce the increasing growth in energy consumption. The case of rationalization of energy consumption needs clear mechanisms to address the problem of high consumption rates. Also, the attention should be paid to the transition to a sustainable energy sources that can save energy through natural sources rather than fossil fuels. The energy conservation enlightenment should be promoted among segments of society, whether individuals, families, institutions, and companies to ensure continuity for future generations. The goal of reducing energy consumption can be done in several ways, starting from the design of the building that gets use of the natural energy resources. The employment of thermal insulations at the outer wall is another type of energy conservation. Also, the replacement of bulbs with lamps that consume low power is one of methods of reducing energy consumption. In this paper, the focus was on electrical devices usually used in homes in Oman. Also, the number and types of the used lighting devices were measured, the energy consumed, the number of air conditioners, the number of working hours, and the monthly bill were followed up and recorded. We also conducted a questionnaire to measure the extent of people's knowledge of the importance of energy conservation and ways to preserve it.

Abstract: Spinal epidural lipomatosis is a disease involving excessive deposition of adipose tissue within epidural space of spinal canal, most commonly associated with exogenous steroid usage. Patients may be asymptomatic or may present with a low backache, weakness, and claudication. Diagnosis is usually made on MRI showing compression of dura by excessive epidural fat. Severe cases may show stellate or ‘Y’ sign. Increasing incidence of obesity and more common use of steroids has led to increased incidence of SEL over years. The main mode of treatment is conservative with surgery reserved for refractory cases.

Simulation of a construction project area not even travelling there is an innovative idea to have real perception about that area with the innovation of cutting-edge technology of Oculus Rift. Visceral experience inside the imagery is also a new perception of being physically present in a non-physical world by using an Oculus Rift. Virtual simulation on any images and videos provide completely preoccupied environment for the purpose of having real perceptions without being present at that place. Oculus Rift, which is a virtual reality headset, is capable of maintaining six degrees of freedom of rotational and positional tracking to realize the real test of presence in the imagery sphere. Google street view, personal street view and Google Map enable accessing of any location on the earth and virtual reality can create the real perception without moving to the location. Therefore, this study is aimed to work out a cost effective and time efficient model of experiencing virtual site perception of reality without moving to that place. The technique of imagery analysis by using immersive visualization at any locations is implemented in the study. It is an analytical technique for making a comparison among different probable project suitability in a location. In this study, it is also developed a technique of identifying the most suitable location for a particular project by wearing head mounted display integrated with street view, satellite view and bird’s view. In the process, images are introduced by dragging and dropping from the extra features of Unity Engine software into the artificial world representing the reality of Oculus Rift.

The aim of the present study is to evaluate the changes in mechanical properties of stainless steel, nickel titanium and beta titanium archwires after clinical use and sterilization. Thirty wires each of Stainless steel, Nitinol and Beta titanium (3M Unitek) were tested in as received (Group A), as received and autoclaved (Group B), and clinically retrieved then autoclaved conditions (Group C). A sterilization protocol of 134 0C for 18 minutes was performed using an autoclave. Mechanical properties were tested using an universal testing machine and the load deflection data was plotted as stress-strain curves from which ultimate tensile strength, elastic modulus as well as 0.2% offset yield strength was calculated. Ultimate tensile strength of Group C archwires showed significantly lower values when compared with Group A and B archwires (P<0.001). Elastic modulus of stainless steel and beta titanium Group C archwires showed significantly lower values when compared with Group A and B archwires (P< 0.001). Elastic modulus of Group Band Group C Nitinol wires showed significantly higher values when compared with Group A archwires (P = 0.03 and P =0.02 respectively). Yield strength of Group C beta titanium archwires showed significantly lower values when compared with Group Aarchwires(P< 0.001). Autoclave sterilization did not affect considerably on mechanical properties of any archwire. Ultimate tensile strength of all archwires were significantly reduced after intraoral exposure.

Compaction of subbase is often the main load-bearing layer of a pavement. It is designed to evenly spread the load of the paving, it compacted with heavy equipment until the material forms a dense layer of interlocking aggregate. To perform well, subbase aggregates must be strong and durable, and must meet very specific graduation requirements. The main aim of this study is finding the effect of changing energy of compaction on the subbase. the sample of subbase is under class B after testing it by sieve analyses test, the physical properties as (specific gravity, elastic limit, plastic limit &max dry density) have been tested, the sample tested under different energy of compaction (modified proctor test and standard proctor test ) and found the effect of energy on (dry density, void ratio, porosity).

The aim of this study was to determine provoking factors of clinical anxiety among dental students from trainers and students’ perspective. A cross-sectional study was conducted among junior dental students of Taibah Dental College and their trainers using the 38-item modified Moss and McManus clinical anxiety questionnaire. Totally, 123 students and 27 clinical trainers participated. In 5 out of 32 situations significant differences in anxiety were reported by students and trainers (P< 0.05). Dental students reported higher level of anxiety than clinical trainers when they are presenting cases in clinical sessions, helping in a faint, failure of local anaesthesia injection and not meeting the requirements before the exam. However, clinical trainers were more anxious than dental students when they get involved in arresting postoperative bleeding (P< 0.05). Clinical trainers shared largely the same perspective with dental students on the following clinical anxiety provoking situations: when they getting diagnosis wrong, inadvertently hurting the patients, are dealing with psychiatric patients, treating medically compromised patients, coping with uncooperative patient, dealing with fainting patient, fracturing a tooth, extracting wrong tooth, causing accidental pulp exposure, fear of patient’s satisfaction, tearing of the cheek/lips due to catching on a dental burr, getting infected by patients, and giving wrong treatment (P>0.05). It was concluded that clinical trainers and students have great similarity in their perspective on the clinical anxiety provoking situations with slight differences. Clinical trainers’ anxiety dramatically increased with the most risky clinical conditions such as getting infected by patients, arresting postoperative bleeding and dealing with psychiatric patients.

In this paper, we analyze the geotechnical properties of the natural soft soil and its mixture with different nano materials at different percentages by conducting different number of experiments. The main objective of our work is to find whether the nano materials and their percentage level will increase the soft soil geotechnical properties or not. To accomplish this process, initially the natural soil sample is collected and the different geotechnical properties of the collected sample are computed. Then, the nano materials with different percentages are added to the natural soil sample and obtained the corresponding geotechnical properties for the mixture soil sample. Subsequently, a mathematical model is developed to find the optimal geotechnical properties value in different nano materials with different percentages. The developed mathematical model shows the geotechnical properties levels of nano mixture soil for unknown experiments. Finally, a fine tuning model process is conducted to check whether the nano material mixture of the natural soil will increase its geotechnical property or not. In this way, our proposed technique finds the optimal geotechnical property value for the unknown experiments and also produces an accurate result in fine tuning process. The implementation result demonstrates the geotechnical properties results of natural soil and nano mixture soil under different experiments. Our proposed technique shows that the geotechnical property values of the nano mixture soil are high compared to the natural soil. Moreover, the developed mathematical model is better to find the optimal geotechnical property value for unknown experiments.

Alkaline Phosphatase comprises a group of enzymes that catalyze the hydrolysis of phosphate esters in an alkaline environment. This enzyme plays an important role in the bone metabolism. Alkaline Phosphatase acts as a byproduct and its serum level directly corresponds to the osteoblastic activity. The aim of the present study was to measure the serum and salivary alkaline phosphatase levels to detect the rate of bone resorption. In the present clinical study, serum and saliva samples were collected from the female patients between the age groups of 30-70 years and subjected for the biochemical analysis of alkaline phosphatase and calcium in semi-auto analyzer and were analyzed statistically. Serum and salivary alkaline phosphatase and calcium levels were decreased gradually with progressive age. By the present study, we concluded that levels of alkaline phosphatase and calcium will decrease with advancing age and saliva can be used as a diagnostic tool alternate to serum.

Natural gas and liquefied petroleum gas are the most important alternative fuels for gasoline in spark ignition engines, for many reasons, such as large world reserve of these gasses, high heating value, high octane number, low emissions emitted from burning them in engines, and their small prices compared with gasoline. The practical study conducted with these two fuels to operate single cylinder with variable compression ratio, speed and spark timing Ricardo E6/US, and its performance was compared with that resulted from running the engine with gasoline. The results appeared that the HUCR (higher useful compression ratio) for gasoline was 8:1, 10.5:1 for LPG and 13:1 for natural gas. Results appeared that spark timing was advanced when using NG more than other used fuels, because of its low flame speed propagation. The study conducted that brake power of LPG and NG were less than that for gasoline at CR=8:1, but they became closer when the engine operated at HUCR for each fuel. The results showed that specific fuel consumption for NG less than that for LPG, which was less than that for gasoline on a mass basis. Also, the exhaust gas temperature for NG was found to be less than LPG, and it was for LPG less than that for gasoline.