This paper is a critical discourse analysis of the briefings made by the Special Representative of the Secretary-General in Iraq, Jeanine Hennis-Plasschaert, to the United Nations Security Council about the place of women in Iraq. It fills a gap in the academic literature of international institutional discourses and how they draw representations of women's agency, challenges and engagement in Iraqi society after the conflicts. This study aims at identifying the discursive practices used in such briefings to symbolize the role of women, assess the ideological underpinnings of such symbolizations, and analyze whether these discursive practices enforce or challenges the existing gender power relations in Iraq. The study will utilize a mixed-methods research design, combining qualitative and quantitative analysis by examining 9 excerpts of three Security Council briefings given between October 2023 and May 2024. The theoretical and analytical approach has been offered by Fairclough's (1995) three-dimensional model of Critical Discourse Analysis consisting of textual analysis, discursive practice, and social practice. Results show that women in Iraq are mostly represented in passive and nominalized constructions, and they are mostly presented as beneficiaries of the institutional act as opposed to being agents. Evaluative language and modality markers also build on the empowerment of women as an aspirational goal that is dependent on government and even international intervention. The research finds that, despite the recognition of gains in the political role of women in the briefings, the existing discursive patterns support a dependency paradigm which makes the progress of women to be imposed by outside forces instead of being self-directed.

This study takes the Appraisal system as a theoretical tool, focuses on the rural tourism news discourses of China Daily, and deeply analyzes the discourse logic of constructing the Chinese-style harmonious concept through three types of resources: Attitude, Engagement, and Graduation. The results show that Attitude resources account for 38.83%, among which Judgment resources reach 61.30%, focusing on ecological and employment effects; Engagement resources account for 32.71%, forming a dialogic structure through expert opinions and villager feedback; Graduation resources account for 28.46%, strengthening the evaluative intensity with quantitative data. The three types of resources work together to transform the concept of “harmony” into a concrete narrative: realizing the value unity of protection and development in the ecological dimension, promoting the integration of traditional craftsmanship and modern tourism at the cultural level, and achieving a positive cycle of industrial development and people's livelihood improvement in the economic and social fields. The study not only enriches the practice of Appraisal Theory in analyzing rural tourism news discourses but also helps expand the research perspective of discourse analysis. The analysis of such rural tourism news discourses is still worthy of further in-depth exploration in the future.

Remote sensing-based smart irrigation management based on the use of geographic information system (GIS) has become a revolution in the effort to maximize the efficiency of water use in agricultural systems and the management of complex biotic and abiotic stresses to the agricultural system. This paper integrates recent developments in satellite-based monitoring, sensor fusion, and spatial analytics to come up with adaptive irrigation systems that adapt dynamically to crop water needs. Remote sensing platforms can be used to measure vegetation indices, soil moisture, evapotranspiration, and thermal anomalies in real-time, allowing the initial identification of stress conditions resulting in drought, salinity, pests and diseases. GIS-based modeling also improves the decision-making process by incorporating multi-layered spatial data such as topography, soil characteristics and climatic variables to produce accurate irrigation timetables and risk maps. These technologies are integrated to facilitate precision agriculture through less wastage of water, low input costs, and enhanced crop resilience to the dynamic environment. Further, the predictability of stress forecasting and optimization in the process of irrigation can be improved using machine learning algorithms and geospatial data. The case studies show that smart irrigation systems can provide a great deal of stability in yield and efficiency in resource use in a wide range of agro-ecological areas. Though there are current challenges of accessing data, technical complexity and infrastructure constraints, continued technological advancements are ensuring that these systems continue to be scaled and accessible. In general, remote sensing and GIS convergence offer a sound platform of sustainable water management, which is part of food security and climate adaptation policies in contemporary agriculture. Future studies ought to be conducted on the incorporation of low-cost sensor networks, cloud computing infrastructure, and farmer-oriented decision-support systems to make them easy to use, scale, and be adopted in resource-constrained agricultural areas in the world to advance sustainable development.

Sustainable management of marine fauna globally is increasing due to anthropogenic demands, the decline in biodiversity, and climate-related changes in the ecosystem. Combining ecological concepts and fisheries science would provide an overall approach to achieving a balance between conservation objectives and food security requirements. This review critically evaluates how there are converging approaches between ecosystem-based management, population dynamics, and adaptive fisheries strategies that can contribute to improving resilience in marine systems. It lays stress on trophic relationships, habitat connectivity and species-specific response to exploitation, indicating the shortcomings of conventional single-species management strategies. More sophisticated tools like ecosystem modeling, remote sensing, and data-driven stock assessments are elaborated as key ingredients of informed decision making. Furthermore, the contribution of governance systems, stakeholder involvement, policy consistency is gauged in promoting sustainable exploitation and maintenance of ecological integrity. New ideas such as climate-smart fisheries, biodiversity-inclusive management and nature-based solutions are discussed in response to the uncertainty that might occur in the future. The synthesis emphasizes the need to work across disciplines to reduce overfishing, habitat destruction and ecosystem imbalance. This method will bring ecological theory and fisheries into a balance to advance long-term sustainability, increase adaptive capacity, and restore marine biodiversity. Finally, ecology and fisheries science should be integrated as a paradigm shift to whole ocean stewardship, which guarantees the survival of marine life and the marine ecosystem services it offers at a time of unprecedented environmental change.

Against the background of the “Three Integrations” Initiative and in light of the heightened ideological and political emphasis currently placed on Translation for International Communication and the interdisciplinary nature of this course, this study introduces the principles of Outcome-Based Education and constructs a “One Core, Three Stages, Five Dimensions” teaching model, centered on cultivating students’ competence to undertake translation tasks that are oriented at international communication. Empirical results demonstrate that this model effectively strengthens students’ ability to apply translation skills in international communication and promotes the integration of translation skills instruction with patriotic education; it thus offers a valuable reference and practical model for pedagogical reform in relevant external publicity translation courses.

Background: The role of histopathology as a tool in diagnosing chronic osteomyelitis (COM) in Ghana has not been evaluated. The aim of this study was to evaluate the importance of histopathology as a tool in diagnosing and describing the clinicopathological features of COM in sequestrectomy and other small biopsy specimens. Material and methods: The following data on 75 patients with COM were collected: age, gender, primary and associated symptoms, history of prior trauma and the use of herbal treatment. The data was analysed using SPSS software version 26.0 (Chicago). Descriptive statistics were used to describe the data. Fisher’s exact test was used to compare clinical variables of significance. Results: The median age of the patients was 12.0 years, with a male: female ratio of 2:1. The commonest primary presentation was a painful swelling 55 (73.3%, p<0.001). The sites commonly involved were: tibia (34.7%), femur (22.7%) and hip joint (10.7%). Approximately, 84.8% (p<0.001) of those with additional complains had a discharging sinus. A total of 27 (36.0%) patients had history of prior trauma, while, 41 (54.6%) had history of prior use of herbal treatment. There was a significant association between discharging sinus tract and the use of herbal medicine (P= 0.009). There was also an association between trauma and herbal medicine usage (p = 0.011). Conclusion: Chronic osteomyelitis commonly affect young males, with the long bones of the axial skeleton being the common site of infection. Prior trauma and the use of herbal medicine for fracture managements were the common risk factors.

People can contract influenza, an infectious respiratory illness. Fever, sore throat, runny nose, cough, headache, aches in the muscles, and fatigue are among the symptoms. In severe cases, pneumonia frequently results in death. There are worldwide influenza pandemic outbreaks, despite the fact that these illnesses are marked by sporadic seasonal epidemics and irregular and unpredictable occurrences. a zoonotic viral strain. Severe influenza seasons are linked to the H3N2 subtype. Three of the previous five extremely severe influenza seasons were dominated by H3N2 viruses. influenza viruses are evolving so quickly, even with known techniques, The best ways to avoid and cure influenza is viewed as a tremendous task. Only thorough research on the currently dominating H3N2 influenza viruses will lead to improvements in vaccination efficacy and pandemic risk assessment. The different characteristics of the H3N2 viruses and their ability to cause seasonal outbreaks and pandemics are covered in great length in this article.

The ongoing use of chatbots in healthcare, education, customer service, and mental health has made more apparent the weaknesses of entirely task-focused conversational systems that are non-emotional. Emotion detection has become an essential process of improving human-computer interaction that allows the chatbots to detect the affective states of users and react in a more human-centric and situational behalf. This paper gives a synthesis of the research on emotion-aware chatbot systems and how emotion detection methods, data modalities, and architecture can be used to enhance the quality of interaction. Fifty chosen studies were systematically analyzed to study the trends of publications, prevalent emotion detecting techniques, effectiveness of modality, and system design method. The results show that there is an increasing concentration of quality research in traditional human-computer interaction and artificial intelligence outlets, and there is a growing global concern in the last few years. The use of text-based emotion detection is the most popular in that it is more scalable, whereas the speech, visual, and multimodal detection use more emotion expressiveness and resilience in real life. Multimodal architectures can capture more complex emotional cues better than other electric stimuli, but face difficulties in terms of complexity, privacy and evaluation of the system. The review also shows that most of the current chatbot frameworks are more focused on the technical measures of performance rather than long-term, human-focused evaluation outcomes. In general, the present study provides an insight into the achievements and limitations of the existing research on emotion-sensitive chatbots and emphasizes the necessity to create ethically oriented, culturally sensitive and systematically tested conversational agents in order to promote the development of emotionally intelligent human-computer interaction.

Reliability-Centered Maintenance (RCM) plays a crucial role in minimizing operational downtime and lifecycle costs in petrochemical industries. However, conventional RCM approaches often lack dynamic failure diagnosis and prioritization capabilities under uncertain operating conditions. This study proposes an enhanced framework integrating Failure Mode and Effects Analysis (FMEA) with data-driven linguistic rule extraction to improve maintenance decision-making for centrifugal pumps. The proposed methodology utilizes OREDA-based failure classification to identify critical failure modes and introduces a weighted severity–occurrence model to overcome limitations of traditional Risk Priority Number (RPN) ranking. The framework establishes relationships between failure causes and key operational parameters such as flow rate, discharge pressure, vibration, temperature, and efficiency using linguistic variables. A rule-based diagnostic system is developed to enable real-time fault identification and maintenance scheduling. The framework is validated through a case study of centrifugal pumps in a petrochemical aromatic plant. Results demonstrate improved fault detection accuracy, reduced maintenance time, and enhanced system reliability. The proposed approach provides a scalable and intelligent decision-support tool for predictive maintenance and industrial asset management.

Nickel sulphate (NiSO4) is a common industrial substance employed in various applications such as electroplating, battery production, and metal coating. However, its continuous occupational and environmental exposure has elicited toxicological issues. This review is a critical assessment of the histopathological, biochemical and molecular alterations of the liver in mice exposed to nickel sulphate, correlating the findings from both animal and mechanistic tests. Studies evidently show that NiSO4 leads to dose-related liver cell damage, necrosis, steatosis, inflammatory infiltration, and degeneration in animals, closely linked to the increase of serum transaminases and oxidative-stress biomarkers. From a mechanistic perspective, nickel exposure affects redox homeostasis, mitochondrial integrity, and lipid metabolism leading to ferroptosis, apoptosis, and endoplasmic reticulum stress signalling. Additionally, comparative data analysis between hepatic injuries induced by soluble and particulate nickel salts shows that the former is more fatal, highlighting the relevance of compound bioavailability and exposure pathway. The hepatoprotective effects of antioxidants and flavonoid supplements (e.g. selenium, silymamarin, hesperidin, etc.) against hepatic injury are seen in preclinical models. Cross-species researchers also show that there are conserved oxidative and inflammatory systems of damage, suggesting it may be applicable in human risk assessment. According to the review, early biomarkers, multi-omics, and mechanistically directed interventions are needed to enhance toxicological assessment. Overall, long-term exposure to nickel sulphate is a realistic risk for hepatic damage; therefore, increased occupational preventive and mechanistic research should be used to improve preventive and therapeutic strategies.

Smartphone applications have significant benefits in various specialties. The medical field is no exception to this trend, but more research is needed on the use of smartphone medical imaging apps among Saudi Arabian students. This study aimed to evaluate the awareness of mobile radiology applications (Apps), and the effectiveness of mobile applications. The findings of the study are important to enhance the integration of mobile technological resources in the teaching-learning process of radiology which is still an unexplored issue. A descriptive, cross-sectional survey was conducted during January and February 2025. four hundred ninety participants, including undergraduate medical imaging students from governmental and private institutions across Saudi Arabia, participated in the study. Most of the undergraduate students agreed (40.7%) and strongly agreed (28.6%) that the mobile medical imaging Apps were easy, quick, well organized, and gained the confidence of the users. 50.5% of the participants used mobile apps during their daily clinical practice, and 42.9% agreed that mobile apps improved their practical skills. 33% of the participants reported that mobile medical imaging Apps were more effective than logbooks or pocketbooks, while 40.7% showed supplement logbooks or pocketbooks were more effective. The study found that participants who installed medical imaging apps had better knowledge and skills, particularly in practical skills (p-value = .017), radiographic positioning (p-value = .030), x-ray collimation (p-value < .001), radiographic anatomy (p-value < .001), and evaluating x-ray image criteria (p-value < .001), compared to those who did not install the apps. The findings of this study indicate that mobile medical imaging apps can enhance the practical skills and knowledge of radiology students. The positive outcomes observed suggest that these applications should be integrated into radiology curricula to provide students with accessible, efficient learning tools. Future research should investigate the long-term effects of mobile apps on clinical practice, as well as explore how their integration can be optimized across different educational settings.

Colorectal cancer (CRC) most often metastasizes to the liver, lung, lymph nodes, and peritoneum; involvement of the gallbladder or extrahepatic biliary region is distinctly uncommon and can create diagnostic and therapeutic uncertainty. We report a 67-year-old woman with a history of treated left breast cancer who presented in April 2025 with hematochezia and anemia. Colonoscopy demonstrated a large obstructing ascending colon mass; biopsy confirmed adenocarcinoma. Staging PET-CT (June 2025) showed an FDG-avid right colonic mass with FDG-avid peri colonic and porta hepatis/portacaval nodal disease and no definite visceral organ uptake. Serum carcinoembryonic antigen (CEA) was markedly elevated (2690). She underwent laparoscopic right hemicolectomy with partial omentectomy (July 2025). Histopathology revealed an 8.5-cm moderately-to-poorly differentiated adenocarcinoma invading the visceral peritoneum (pT4a) with extensive nodal involvement (12/13 nodes; pN2b) and omental metastasis, consistent with stage IV disease. Multidisciplinary tumor board recommended systemic therapy; however, the patient initially declined chemotherapy. By late December 2025, rising symptoms and imaging demonstrated progressive retroperitoneal/mesenteric nodal and peritoneal disease and a new lytic C7 lesion. Before planned palliative chemotherapy, she developed obstructive jaundice with right upper quadrant pain (January 2026). CT and MRCP showed progressive intra-and-extrahepatic biliary dilatation and new marked diffuse duodenal wall thickening with mass effect at the ampulla, causing secondary biliary and pancreatic duct obstruction. She was managed with percutaneous transhepatic biliary drainage and subsequent endoscopic duodenal stenting to re-establish enteral intake. This case highlights the need to consider metastatic CRC in atypical biliary/duodenal obstruction patterns, to distinguish secondary involvement from a new primary periampullary process, and to use multidisciplinary palliation to enable systemic therapy when appropriate.

This paper will provide a Multimodal Critical Discourse Analysis (MCDA) of the ways in which both Iran and Israel used Visual and Linguistic Weaponization Strategies to engage each other throughout the Digital Conflict in 2025 and 2024. A Multimodal Critical Discourse Analysis will be conducted in order to understand how both sides of the conflict were able to utilize the combination of Visual Imagery, Textual Narratives, and Symbolic Representations to create Disinformation, Manipulate Public Perception, and to further Strategic Communication Objectives. Utilizing theoretical constructs from Critical Discourse Analysis (CDA), Multimodal Discourse Analysis, and Visual Rhetoric; this research will illustrate the various types of Visual and Linguistic manipulation that took place through Official State Media Channels, Social Media Platforms, and Strategic Communication Outlets. The results will indicate that both Iranian and Israeli Actors were able to successfully deploy Sophisticated Multimodal Disinformation Campaigns that included Mislabeled Images, Out-Of-Context Video Footage, Fabricated Claims, and Emotionally Charged Visual Rhetoric. These findings will contribute to the ever-growing body of literature on Information Warfare in the Digital Age and will also demonstrate the Urgent Need for Developing Enhanced Media Literacy Frameworks capable of Addressing the Complex Semiotic Landscape of Contemporary Conflict Zones.

Background: Type 1 diabetes (T1D) requires intensive self-management, and attention deficit hyperactivity disorder (ADHD) may impair the executive functions necessary for optimal glycemic control. Emerging evidence suggests that ADHD is more prevalent among individuals with T1D, but the association with clinical outcomes, complications, and educational attainment has not been systematically synthesised in recent years. Objective: To systematically review the association between ADHD and T1D across all age groups, focusing on glycemic control, diabetes-related complications, educational outcomes, mental health, and potential moderators such as ADHD treatment status, sex, and family structure. Methods: A systematic review was conducted following PRISMA 2020 guidelines. PubMed/MEDLINE, PsycINFO, and Scopus were searched. Studies were eligible if they included individuals with T1D, assessed ADHD diagnosis or symptoms, compared with T1D without ADHD, reported original quantitative data, and were published as peer-reviewed articles. Study selection was performed using Rayyan. Risk of bias was assessed using the Newcastle Ottawa Scale (NOS). Due to heterogeneity, a narrative synthesis was performed. Results: Six studies met the inclusion criteria (two cohort, four cross sectional), encompassing over 1.48 million participants across Israel, Sweden, the United States, Norway, and Germany. Comorbid ADHD was associated with significantly higher HbA1c (mean differences +0.6% to +0.7%, p<0.01) and lower time in range (48±17% vs 59±14%, p=0.006). Adults with T1D+ADHD had higher rates of neuropathy (22.7% vs 5.8%), chronic renal failure (10.6% vs 2.5%), and limb amputation (5.3% vs 0.9%). Children with both diagnoses had 76% lower odds of finishing upper secondary school (aOR 0.24, 95% CI 0.17–0.35). Untreated ADHD was associated with worse outcomes than treated ADHD. Family structure (living with one parent and partner) increased odds of ADHD (OR 2.17, 95% CI 0.98–4.84), and sex differences favoured worse outcomes in males. Risk of bias was low in three studies and moderate in three. Conclusions: ADHD is associated with poorer glycemic control, higher complication rates, lower educational attainment, and greater depression severity in individuals with type 1 diabetes. Untreated ADHD confers the greatest risk. Systematic screening for ADHD in T1D populations, particularly those with suboptimal glycemic control or recurrent diabetic ketoacidosis, is urgently needed. Integrated, multidisciplinary care and prompt pharmacological treatment of ADHD may improve both medical and psychosocial outcomes.

This study synthesizes results from a final sample of 85 high-impact Scopus-indexed articles published between 2015 and 2026 to present a thorough secondary research review of artificial intelligence (AI) in marketing and management. The study methodically evaluates previous research to investigate how AI capabilities affect consumer engagement, decision-making, and company performance. It is based on the Resource Based View (RBV) and dynamic capabilities theory, and it complies with PRISMA 2020 requirements. The study uses a theme synthesis technique to identify four main research streams: ethical governance, data-driven decision making, AI as a strategic capability, and customer centricity enabled by AI. These ideas are combined into a cohesive conceptual framework that emphasizes the moderating impacts of ethical governance and the regulatory environment as well as the mediating function of organizational processes. The paper contributes by addressing theoretical fragmentation and proposing a future research agenda, particularly for emerging markets such as Saudi Arabia under Vision 2030.