This study was design to examine the role of parenting style and gender on assertiveness among students at Bahir Dar University. To meet this objective, the researcher drew 100 out of 379 student populations who were pursuing their study in 2007 E.C. 59 male and 41 female students selected as the sample participants of the study using stratified random sampling technique. The data were analyzed through mean, standard deviation, and three- way- ANOVA. The result revealed that there is no significant mean difference that observed between students’ level of assertiveness in second and third year students. The study also revealed that there is no significant difference in students’ assertiveness and sex. In addition, the study revealed that there is no statistical mean difference in assertiveness scores across four parenting styles (authoritative, authoritarian, permissive/ indulgent and neglectful). The study suggested that it is advisable to aware Parents of students on how to improve their children assertiveness and socially responsible behavior. This can be conducted by media channel, Non-governmental organizations so as to bring more advanced assertiveness on each generation. This should be consolidated by (i.e. teachers, principals, supervisors, union of parents – students- and teachers, and guidance and counseling officers, instructors and other concerned bodies in and out of university.

World is facing a crisis in human health resources due to a critical shortage of health workers. Despite of many trained health care professionals our health care system is struggling to provide optimum services to the patients. Gaps still exist with respect to patient care, which are unevenly delivered. The data collected from 228 subjects reveals that only 7.01% of the subjects have received counseling always, 59.65% think that counseling should be given and only 41.66% are satisfied with current health care system while 56.57% are not satisfied. Our study shows that there is a huge burden on health care professionals due to a high number of the patient load which leads to the hindrance in optimum patient care and finally leads to the degradation in the quality of health care services. Now time has approached when the term task shifting should be taken seriously especially in the health care sectors. Pharmacists, an ignored profession in the health care sector have a crucial role for optimum patient care. It is the demand of the scenario that pharmacist should be taken as a key role player between the patient and prescriber. A proper communication between the patient and prescriber can be established only if all health care professionals will start working to assist each other not to compete with each other

This research aimed at investigating the correlation between linguistic intelligence, and having Obsessivecompulsive disorder and the differences in linguistic intelligence due to differences in gender, as well as knowing the effect of interaction between gender and linguistic intelligence on having Obsessive-compulsive disorder. The sample consisted of (200) individuals; (100) of them having Obsessive-compulsive disorder, the other (100) individuals were normal people. Age for the two groups ranged between (20-39) years and they were selected by the purposive sampling method. The researcher used the OCD Scale and the Linguistic Intelligence Scale. The collected data were analyzed using the following tools: Point-Biserial Correlation coefficient, T-test, two-way ANOVA test. The results of this research were; there were correlations between linguistic intelligence and having an Obsessive-compulsive disorder, there are no statistically significant differences between males and females in linguistic intelligence, and there is statistically significant interaction between gender and linguistic intelligence which has effect on Obsessive-compulsive disorder.

Our Earth is becoming increasingly urbanized and the provision of urban service delivery cannot meet the urgent needs of these rapidly growing new population. The consequence of this has led to urbanization of poverty, hence, the study assessed urban service delivery and the priority needs of urban poor. The data used for the study were collected through the administration of 850 copies of a well structured questionnaire. The Stratified Random Sampling technique was used in the analyses. ANOVA statistical method was used to test the set hypothesis and it was revealed that there were significant variations in service delivery and the priority needs of the people. For example, the following service delivery were termed significant at 100%, 100%,95%, 98.5% and 100% levels for education, water supplies, roads provision, electricity supplies and health facilities respectively. The study concludes that the provision of necessary social infrastructure in the State should increase to meet with the high level of urbanization and that the provision should be based on Community Driven Development approach since those who care most about reducing poverty are the poor people themselves.

Guaifenesin is an expectorant and it is use to treat cough and congestion caused by the common cold, bronchitis, and breathing illness. The drug is official in Indian Pharmacopoiea, British Pharmacopoeia, and United States Pharmacopoeias. This article reviews the different analytical methods available for detection of Guaifenesin alone and in combination from various pharmaceutical formulations. They are many analytical techniques have been reported for simultaneous estimation of Guaifenesin and its combined pharmaceutical dosage form but only fewer methods have been reported for estimation of Guaifenesin alone. Some of those techniques are UV spectrophotometry, high-performance liquid chromatography (HPLC), high-performance thin layer chromatography (HPTLC), liquid chromatography - mass spectrometry (LC-MS), gas chromatography (GC), and ultraperformance liquid chromatography (UPLC). Amongst, various analytical methods are available for the quantification of single and multicomponent dosage forms

The present research was conducted to investigate the impact of English medium instructions on the dropout rate of students in high schools of Lahore. A total number of 30 Head teachers were selected as sample of study. It was studied that either change in the medium of instruction affects academic achievement of students or not. Survey method was used as a procedure for data collection. A self- developed structured five point likert scale questionnaire was used in order to get responses of the head teachers regarding change in the medium of instruction on dropout rates. Content analysis was carried out to analyze the responses. Frequencies showed that the change in the medium of instruction has an impact on students‘ dropout rate. Many previous studies are consisted with the findings of present research. These findings have implications for educational institutions, so that timely counseling could be provided to the students for effective coping with these problems.

Education is a modern word, which is derived from the Latin word 'educase', means to nourish, to cause to grow. Education is the right of every human being regardless of gender, race or region. Female education plays an important role in the societal progress and improvement. Recruitment of more women teachers should be done who can serve as role models for girls and may make girls’ parents feel more comfortable. Providing girls with access to sport can also contribute to achieving gender parity in education. The schools should be protected so that parents will not hesitate to send their daughters to schools. Many girls drop out of school at the onset of menstruation, partly because there are no separate toilet facilities. Many girls are kept at home to help with domestic tasks. A tradition of early marriage, social norms and values undermine the importance of educating girls. Education of a girl is like educating a family while educating a boy is merely educating a person. The aim of this study was to review the literature on attitude of parents towards girl’s education.

Service is a very important activity in the academic, because this is a benchmark for the success of bureaucratic performance even college faculty. It is necessary to be noticed by the institution, because service activities are activities of direct interaction between employees and students. To improve service quality of academic and administrative, it must be managed well by the universities concerned. So the student satisfaction as a customer will be met, and ultimately the quality of higher education will increase as expected. In the academic service which includes all activities of lecturers, shows more than half of respondents said „good‟. Meanwhile, in the aspect of Administrative Services, based on a questionnaire, it can be concluded that the administrative aspects of the service is quite good.

A simple and rapid ultra-performance liquid chromatographic tandem mass spectrometric assay for the measurement of bisphenol-A (BPA) in human urine was developed and validated. Sample preparation involved addition of 4-nitrophenol (as an internal standard, IS) to 1.0 ml human urine sample containing BPA, and extraction with ethyl acetate and hexane (6:4,v:v), evaporation, and dissolving the residue in the mobile phase. Analytes separation was performed using a reversed phase Atlantis dC18 column (2.1x 100 mm, 3 µm) protected by guard pre-filter and a mobile phase that consisted of 5.0 mM ammonium acetate: acetonitrile (20:80, v:v) and was delivered at a flow rate of 0.30 ml/min. The analytes were quantified in negative ion mode, using electrospray ionization (ESI) set at transitions of mass to charge (m/z): 226.87 → 212.01 and 137.84 → 107.86 for BPA and IS, respectively. The relationship between BPA concentration and peak area ratio (BPA /IS) was linear in the range 0.2 - 20 ng/ml. Mean extraction recovery of BPA and the IS was ≥ 90% and 97%, respectively. The method was validated in respect to accuracy, precision, linearity, and specificity. Stability of BPA in urine was determined under conditions generally encountered in the clinical laboratories. The method was successfully applied to determine BPA level in urine samples obtained from healthy volunteers

From very old days to recent civilization, human species depends on most of the natural resources for smooth running of their life. In nature specifically plants has a key source of drugs and its remedies. Feronia Limonia belonging to family Rutaceae is well known in Indian traditional systems for its traditional uses. Various parts of the plant like leaves, fruits, roots, bark have an astringent, constipating, tonic for liver and lung, diuretic, carminative, and cardiotonic effect and these are traditional uses. Various chief phytoconstituents like alkaloids, phenolic compounds, triterpenoids, tannins, steroids etc. have been isolated from Feronia Limonia. But only few pharmacological activities like antimicrobial, antiviral, antitumour, antifungal etc. activities have been scientifically reported. From huge traditional uses documented in various traditional system of medicine and presence of vital phytoconstituents make Feronia Limonia an important plant to be studied scientifically to prove a variety of traditional uses. In present work we look at Feronia Limonia description, traditional medicinal uses, and phytoconstituents and anthelmintic activity of its leaves. Five concentrations (10, 25, 50, 75 and 100 mg/ml) of aqueous extract of leaves Feronia Limonia were studied for an anthelmintic activity on adult Indian earthworms Pheretima Posthuma in a bioassay, which involved the determination of time of paralysis and time of death of the worms using Piperazine citrate as reference standard. The results indicated that 100 mg/ml concentration of Feronia Limonia leaves was more significant than that of other concentration

Chikungunya is still a diseases burden in India and various contries. The main objective of this review was to gather the outbreaks and it impacts and current treatment available for Chikungunya in allopathic and AYUSH. Key findings : Africa where Sylva tic cycle is maintained between monkeys and wild mosquitoes, in Asia the cycle continues between humans and the Aedes. aegypti mosquito. Virus was first isolated from Africa in 1952. In India first case were reported in Kolkata 1963. It can be diagnosed by various blood tests such as RT-PCR, ELISA, Serological test. The disease is almost self-limiting and rarely fatal. Common symptoms of Chikungunya are fever, joint pain (arthralgia), rashes etc Symptoms for Chikungunya and dengue as similar. In Allopathy no specific drug is available for the treatment of chikungunya. In AYUSH system of medicine various type of treatment are available. India has been reported major outbreak in 2005 -2006 mainly in the states of Andhra Pradesh, Karnataka, Maharashtra, Madhya Pradesh and Tamil Nadu since December, 2005. Cases have also been reported from Rajasthan, Gujarat and Kerala. Conclusion: Chikungunya virus (CHIKV) infection can be prevented by avoiding mosquito bites and the young researchers have to take interest to contribute drugs and developments

Adverse drug reactions are an important cause of morbidity and mortality and are responsible for a significant number of hospital admissions ranging from 0.3% to 11%. The ADR reporting rate in India is below 1% compared to worldwide rate of 5%. One of the reasons for low reporting rate in India may be a lack of knowledge and sensitization towards pharmacovigilance and ADR among health care professionals. The aim of the study is to investigate the knowledge, attitudes and perception of health care professionals towards adverse drug reaction reporting. A cross sectional study was carried out using a pretested questionnaire for a period of 6 months among 340 healthcare professionals. The questionnaire was designed to assess the KAP regarding pharmacovigilance. The healthcare professionals (doctors, nurses, dentists and pharmacists), trainee and internship students working in the NMCH and RC, Raichur, Karnataka during the study period were included. About 300 questionnaires where returned which were adequately filled, of which 37% were doctors, 33% dentists, 17% nurses and 13% pharmacists. Mean knowledge score of doctors, dentist, nurses and pharmacists where 5.29±1.73, 4.9±1.13, 5.41±1.34 and 7.08±1.36 respectively. Mean attitude score of doctors, dentist, nurses, pharmacists were 4.87±1.29, 4.78±1.107, 4.53±1.24 and 5.84±1.02 Mean perception score of doctors, dentist, nurses and pharmacists were found to be 4.87±1.29, 4.78±1.107, 4.53±1.24 and 5.84±1.20. It was observed that most of the professionals were aware of ADR. They were having sound knowledge and positive attitude towards ADR reporting. But unfortunately the practice of ADR reporting where deficient among the health care professionals.

Cryptococcosis is a potentially fatal fungal disease. The prevalence of cryptococcosis has been increasing for many reasons, including the increase in incidence of AIDS and the expanded use of immunosuppressive drugs. Cryptococcal meningitis is a threatening disease and visual loss is reported as a rare manifestation due persistent papilledema and optic nerve involvement. We report a case of an immunocompetent young male who presented with cryptococcal meninigitis, left lateral rectus palsy and papilledema. Inspite of appropriate medical therapy with amphotericin and flucytosine, his papilledema persisted and developed decreased vision.

Understanding the relationship between environmental pollution and economic development is of great importance for achieving sustainable growth. It is particularly important for managing watershed regions, where rapid urbanization can cause significant environmental damage. This study aimed to determine the relationships between urbanization, economic growth, industrial structure and nitrogen emissions in the Jishui River Basin from 1997 to 2013. Based on the raw data, a vector auto-regression model was built, and the data were analyzed using the Johnson cointegration test, the Granger causality test, impulse response function analysis and variance decomposition analysis. The results showed that there was a long-run equilibrium relationship and a one-way causality between the four variables in the Jishui River Basin. The effects of economic growth and industrial structure on nitrogen emissions were significantly stronger than the effect of urbanization levels. In the long run, economic growth and industrial structure had a strong explanatory power for nitrogen emissions, and the contribution of urbanization levels, economic growth and industrial structure to nitrogen emissions showed some hysteresis. This study clarifies the main drivers of changes in environmental pollution in the Jishui River Basin, and provides a scientific basis for urban development models and regulation of industrial growth.

This study examined whether a selected African stock exchanges provide evidence of weak form efficiency in the recent time period January 2013 to December 2015. Two objectives examined were the normality of distribution of stock prices in African stock markets; and to ascertain whether current values of the stock prices are related to various lags of the past stock prices in African stock markets. The study covered 13 out of the 28 stock exchanges in Africa, representing 38 nations' capital markets. The Jarque-bera statistics test of normal distribution and Augmented Dicker Fuller test of stationarity for stock market efficiency were employed. The data obtained from the monthly All Share Index data of the markets are log transformed to arrive at stock market returns used for the data analyses. Findings from the result indicate that (1) African stock market follows normal distribution; (2) succeeding price changes are not independent and move randomly in African stock markets. The study concluded that African stock markets are weak form inefficient within the period under study. The study therefore recommended that addressing trading frictions; promoting timely disclosure and dissemination of information to investors on the performance of listed companies; and strengthening regulatory oversight are key elements of a strategy aimed at improving the efficiency of the capital market.