PRF along with various additives like Bone graft (BG) and Mineral Trioxide Aggregate (MTA) enhances periapical healing. This comparative clinical study was taken up to evaluate the periapical healing potential of plasma rich fibrin (PRF) as scaffold along with MTA and bone graft. Two patients with a history of trauma and large periapical radiolucent lesion were selected for this study. After access opening and biomechanical preparation, involved teeth were obturated with gutta percha using AH plus sealer. Subsequently periapical surgery was carried out and PRF was prepared by collecting blood from the patients. In the first patient, a mixture of PRF and MTA was placed into the periapical defect, while in the second patient a mixture of PRF and BG was placed. At 1 month, 3 month, 6 month and 1 year follow up was done for evaluation of clinical and radiographic healing. Both the patients remained clinically asymptomatic. Radiographically healing was found to be better with PRF and BG combination.

Abstract: Sickle cell disease is one of the commonest reasons for hospital admissions in Bahrain and it considered one of the most significant causes of morbidity and mortality. However, HRQOL in SCD patients is not well studied in this part of the world. SF 36 questionnaire was administered to a total of 1886 participants, through manual and online methods in Salmanya Medical comlex and health centers outpatient’s clinics, general society, and through SCD society, out of which 168 were excluded. Of the participants, 420 (24.4%) had SCD, 607 (35.3%) had chronic disease and 691 (40.2%) were disease free. SCD respondents scored significantly lower than the other two groups in HRQOL in all domains of SF-36, with the following means in role-physical 34.1 (SD 36.1), role-emotional 40.6 (SD 41.0) and general health 44.7 (SD 17.7) affected mostly P ≤ 0.001. Adults with SCD in Bahrain showed significant impairment in all domains of HRQOL when compared to the general population. We would recommend conducting further researches to evaluate the factors that may influence the HRQOL in SCD patients.

Damage of a dental needle during local anesthesia is very rare complication nowadays. We present such an occurrence in which the needle was lost in the pterygomandibular space during routine dental practice. Patient was referred to Oral & Maxillofacial surgery department where he was treated and the needle was removed. Postoperative period was uneventful. We attribute this to the utility of Cone Beam Computed Imaging that made the exact locating of the needle in the soft tissues possible. We underline the significance of CBCT to precisely locate the broken needle and to facilitate its surgical retrieval.

Smoking is recognized as one of the major risk factors for chronic periodontitis. RANKL/OPG axis is involved in the regulation of bone metabolism in periodontitis. The objective is to study the effect of smoking on salivary levels of RANKL and OPG in chronic periodontitis. Fifty five subjects with chronic periodontitis with ages range from 24-64 years and 25 apparently healthy volunteers their ages and sexes were matched with the patients were participated in this study. Patients who smoked a minimum of 10 cigarettes per day for 2 years were included in the smoker periodontitis group (25), the remainder of the patients who never smoked were assigned to the non smoker periodontitis group (30). Saliva samples were collected from all patients and control the levels of salivary level of RANKL and OPG were determined using enzyme linked immunosorbent assays. The current findings were showed that there are no significant differences in median levels of RANKL and OPG between smokers and non-smokers patients, (p>0.05). In addition there are no significant differences in ratio of RANKL/OPG between smokers and nonsmokers groups of patients (p>0.05). The present study revealed that cigarette smoking had no effect on the salivary levels of RANKL and OPG.

Fungal lung infections due to Geotrichum are opportunistic, usually occurring on an immunosuppressed person, particularly severe neutropenia, or an imbalance of the normal microbial flora. Geotrichum capitatum is the most widely reported species in human pathology.We report case of pulmonary geotrichosis due to Geotrichum capitatum in a patient with a chronic pulmonary disease type of chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (COPD)

Friction stir welding (FSW) is proved as a promising welding technology for joining dissimilar aluminium alloys. Aluminium alloys are used extensively within the aerospace industry for applications such as fuselage and wing skin panels due to their high strength to weight ratio. Therefore, an attempt is made to optimize the process parameters of friction stir welding using AA2024 and AA6061 age hardenable aluminum alloys in order to improve the tensile properties such as ultimate tensile strength (UTS) and tensile elongation (TE). A response surface method (RSM) based fuzzy grey relational approach (Fuzzy - GRA) is applied using four factors with three levels. The process parameters namely rotational speed (N), welding speed (F), axial load (P) and pin shape (PS). The results indicate a RSM based fuzzy grey relational approach improving tensile properties of FS welded AA2024 and AA6061 aluminum alloys when comparing to conventional grey relational approach. A quadratic relationship was also established between the process parameters and fuzzy grey relational grade.

Article has been removed

Multidisciplinary approach is required for the management of paediatric mandible fractures. Any fault in the treatment might lead to asymmetry of the mandible followed by temporomandibular joint (TMJ) ankylosis. Etiology links to road traffic accidents, fall, sports injuries and interpersonal violence. Condyle is most commonly involved followed by symphysis, body and angle of the mandible. Treatment options include conservative management, closed reduction and open reduction-internal fixation. In this scientific article, we present a case report of a 12 year old female with fracture of right parasymphysis and left body of the mandible managed by open reduction-internal fixation - intermaxillary fixation whereas the right sagittal split of condylar head managed conervatively.

Periodontal disease is the second most prevalent clinical entity among oral diseases, and is recognized as a serious public health problem. Osseous destruction as a result of periodontal disease is classified according to clinical criteria into horizontal (or even) and angular (or vertical) osseous destruction. The detection and accurate assessment of the location, extent and configuration of the endosseous defect is important for the determination of the tooth prognosis, the treatment plan and the maintenance procedures. Radiographic examination is a complementing mean of great importance to obtain the diagnosis of periodontitis, even though it does not reveal the real state of cellular activity, but shows the consequences upon dento alveolar structures.

This study examines whether the undergraduate accounting students in a Malaysian public university are experiencing stress and if yes, seeks to understand the reasons as to why the students experience stress during their course of study. Using a case study qualitative approach, this study found two main themes that relate to high stress level among the accounting students namely, academic related and non-academic related. Most of the students agreed that the main cause to their high stress level is attributed by their academic study. They agreed that overload of subjects and deadlines of submitting assignments and projects are the main causes for stress. In addition, irrelevant subjects and time spent to attend to academic events and activities have caused them to study last minute and consequently, put them under stress. The way they have to study for their degree is also very much different from the way they studied during their diploma. The students noted that much of their study during their diploma was based on memorizing compared to the degree level that requires application and critical thinking. Surprisingly, the students noted that accounting is not their preferred course. In relation to non-academic, the students experience stress as they have consistent thoughts of what their future may be, whether they would be able to obtain a job upon graduation and also on the current economy and political situation. The findings in this study sheds some lights to the university and the academics on the reasons to the students‟ high stress level and subsequently, provide some strategies to assist the students in overcoming their stress level and improve their performance.

The urinary tract infection is one of the most common infections acquired in community and hospital. The emergence of the acquired resistance of bacteria to antibiotics remains an important issue relevant to antimicrobial strategies. The Purpose of this paper is to review the frequency of isolation and the evolution of the resistance to antibiotics of the tree strains of Escherichia coli causing community urinary tract infections. It is a retrospective study made in the laboratory of microbiology of the university hospital center HASSAN II of Fez, concerning germs isolated from 5287 positive Bacteriological examination of urine (BEU) collected between 2010 and 2016 and diagnosed in consulting externs. Enterobacteriaceae were responsible for 84 % of the community urinary tract infections. The women were more touched (sex ratio F/H = 1, 66). Escherichia coli dominated the epidemiological profile (62 %). The antibiotic resistance of the tree strains of E. coli isolated highlighted rates of resistance to amoxicillin (64 %), to ciprofloxacine (59 %), to association amoxicillin-acid clavulonic (46 %), to sulfamethoxazole-triméthropime (42 %), to gentamicine (25 %), and to amikacine (14 %). The number of tree strains of E.coli resistant to third generation cephalosporins by production of B-lactamases with widened spectre"ESBL -producing" was 258, that is an average frequency of 5.8 % of all the enterobacteriaceae isolated. No resistance to imipeneme was registered for the tree strains of E. coli isolated whitch means that the sensibility to imipeneme is of 100 %. All these results showed an increase of the multiresistance of Escherichia coli in community environment which could be due to the excessive use of antibiotics in the medical domain. A regular surveillance of the resistance to antibiotics is essential to define effective and appropriate therapeutic strategies, limiting the emergence and the scattering of the multiresistant tree strains.

The experiment was carried out at Bangladesh Rice Research Institute (BRRI), Regional Station, Comilla, Bangladesh to determine the seeding interval of most promising parental lines of hybrid rice during boro 2009-10 season. The seeding interval between A (Cytoplasmic genetic male sterile line) and R (Restorer line) lines were determined by growth duration difference (GDD), leaf number difference (LND) and effective accumulated temperature (EAT) method. Five A lines and 12 R lines were used in this experiment. In 5 A lines, the days to 50% flowering ranged from 120 to 135 days and in 12 R lines, it ranged from 127 to 139 days. The leaf number varied from 15.07 to 18.63 and from 17.05 to 19.89 in the A and R lines, respectively. Among the A line, the EAT ranged from 1069 to 12910C and 1174 to 13510C in R lines. The growth duration differences between A and R lines varied found from 1 to 19 days. Similarly, the leaf number differences between A and R lines were from 0 to 4.82. The seeding differences between A and R lines in terms of EAT were from 13.50 to 282.20C.

The impact of mining activities on environmental and human health has become a matter of serious concern. Human health and vegetation is affected by decline in the biological, physical, and chemical quality of the environment. On-site pollution in coal mines due to dust, gases, noise, and polluted water is receiving increasing attention because it is affecting coal miners’ health as well as those living in close proximity. Toxic pollutants released in vicinity by such processes include lead, nickel, chromium and cadmium. Focus of research was on the fate of toxic heavy metals in mining areas to evaluate and compare the heavy metal status in directly exposed persons (coal miners) of two different mining regions of Punjab (Pakistan). High significant difference was observed for cadmium, lead, chromium and nickel in nail and serum samples of coal miners. Comparison of metal concentration in biological samples of chakwal and soon valley area shows that soon valley coal mine area is more polluted than chakwal coal mine area.

Radicular cysts are one of the most common pathology of oral cavity that oral and maxillofacial surgeons come across in daily practice. It has different treatment options and an operating surgeon should be aware of them and tailor them for individual patients. Aim of this case was to successfully treat a large periapical lesion of maxilla. 44 year old patient came with a swelling of palate with associated pain and was planned for surgical management of the swelling following thorough investigations. Surgical management of the lesion included enucleation of lesion into to, followed by apicectomy and retrograde filling with Mineral Trioxide Aggregate. Periapical lesions being one of the common entity has to be treated meticulously by a good team approach and newer materials need to be evaluated to provide a cost effective treatment.

Azerbaijan (Atropatgan) is one of the main and ancient places of Iran where it has Aryan residents. In this paper, attempt is made to study the race and people living there from the perspective of anthropology and ethnology. In fact, it is based on this question that whether or not, the people resided in Atropatgan have an Aryan race as other Iranians. To find the answer, first we have considered the race of people in the Iranian Plateau based on appearance, color, hair, and skull regarding different zones, oldness and the presence of various nations as some factors making integrated races. Conducting the research based on field studies, we have considered the race of people in Atropatgan and measured their skulls. Moreover, we have done anthropological studies on items such as the color of skin and hair, head size, forehead, eyebrows and eyes in cities and villages of the eastern Azerbaijan. To do this, some measuring tools have been used like compasses to measure the head and skull-graduated compasses with a movable beam. Then, the researcher has compared racial characteristics in this area with other peoples of Iran. Thus, according to anthropological and ethnical criteria of people in Atropatgan, we came to this conclusion that they have the same race (i.e. Aryan) similar as other Iranians who are the reminders and grandchildren of Aryan and Parse Medes. Therefore, the opposite is completely rejected on the view of the racial characteristics and all documents accounts for their Aryan race.