Abstract: The term colonialism although oriental in origin but upon deeper reflection it would be discovered that it has profound hermeneutic connotation. This may afford a researcher the opportunity of delving into the vast ocean of Qur’anic dictum with a view to obtaining the divine notion of this phenomenon. The Qur’an has declared that nothing has been neglected in the Qur’an and that mankind is being bestowed with only a very meagre amount of knowledge. Obviously, all knowledge resides with Allah Al-Mighty Who according to Qur’anic attestation is the One who encompasses everything in knowledge. He Al-Mighty has exquisitely depicted this matter in an abstract but remote sense. In the Qur’anic account the Al-Mighty wishes to inform His servants through the words of “Bilqees” the highest princes of Sheba who was having an altercation with the chiefs of her formidable army, she admitted that the convention of the earthly kings was that when they come across a thriving nation they would devastate it, suppress and trample upon the noble folk of that community, and then appoint the plebeians as leaders thereby creating a perennial consternation in that society. This is their grand scheme so that they would be reaping the benefit of disharmony, hence this would create a fertile ground for them to maintain that community as their colony, even though what is propagated to the world is that colonialism has for long been abolished.

Abstract: The organization of social services for the older adults needs a strong leadership and great societal responsibility. One can readily see both of them while looking the building of our civilization throughout the history. In particular, we see how Sultan Abdülhamid II provided social services to older adults in this area without delay even in the falling period of the Ottoman Empire. For instance, he showed how we were not behind the West in this field by building the Darülaceze Institution which is still active in 1895. That is why the leadership of Sultan Abdülhamid II is an important area to study the organization of social services. In this study, the parameters of leadership of Sultan Abdülhamid II are going to be examined in addition to looking how his gracious sensibility was developed historically. We all know he is a leader in realizing a vision, solving aging issue, having supernatural merits/skills and ability of critical-analytical thinking. For instance, the building of Darülaceze Institution’s model is a result of all of them. That is because he was able to show himself as a mission man by making all his subjects build a consensus on his vision.

Abstract: Education is nationally and internationally recognized as one of the most important ways and means for promoting economic development. Here arises a question on what type of education to be imparted for the national development in terms of primary, secondary and tertiary education. Knowledge-based challenge within a globalized economy is accelerating a fresh consideration of the role of higher education in economic development and its expansion. In the past, it was seen that the higher education was very much costly and at the same time, it was really inefficient public service which could only benefit the wealthy and privileged class. Importance of education has now been realized to be successful in the field of economic development. A short look upon some recent research findings indicates that higher education is a determinant of increasing income. Additionally, the higher education may create awareness about how to increase tax revenue, boosts savings and investment, improve a nation’s health, contribute to reducing the rate of population growth and enhance the adoption of technology in order to strengthen the governance. Colleges and Universities have an important role to play in regional and national economic development efforts through producing quality graduates. Undoubtedly, the higher education and economic development complement to each other. To gain national economic development, colleges and universities must be the key partners throughout the development process of the country.

Abstract: In this paper, we propose a non-monotone adaptive trust region algorithm based on conic model for solving unconstrained optimization problems. Unlike the traditional non-monotone trust-region method, our proposed algorithm avoids resolving the sub-problem whenever a trial step is rejected. Instead, it performs a non-monotone Armijo-type line search in direction of the rejected trial step to construct a new point. The algorithm can be regarded as a combination of non-monotone, line search and conic trust region method. Theoretical analysis indicates that the new approach preserves the global convergence to the first-order critical points under classical assumptions.

The use of herbal medicine in Nigeria is on the increase but unknowingly to consumers, these herbal products may pose severe and devastating health hazards. This study was aimed at studying the adverse impacts posed by either the ethanolic extract ofroot back or leaf extract of Rauwofia vomitoria on cerebellar glycogen. In this study, 30 adult Wistar rats were used and were randormly divided into 6 groups (A, B, C, D and E; n =5). Identification of Glycogen was determined using Periodic Acid Schiff method (PAS). From this investigation, there was a marked increase in the staining intensities of the experimental groups. The staining intensity of PAS was higher in the groups C and D which were given 200mg/kg and 300mg/kg of ethanolic extract of Rauwofia vomitoria root-bark when compared to groups E and F which received 200mg/kg and 300mg/kg of ethanolic leaf extract of Rauwofia vomitoria. Findings in this study suggest a dose-dependent accumulation of glycogen in the neurons of cerebellum, especially in the Purkinje cells. This could be due to the effects of indole alkaloid constituents (reserpine) of Rauwolfia vomitoria on glycogen synthesis and utilization

In this age of information explosion no library is able to satisfy all the needs of its users due to various constraints. It is because of this phenomenon that the concept of library IMS has developed. To achieve this, those who are responsible for the libraries should take into account their active and passive users. Furthermore, not only the academicians who make use of the libraries but also those who do not make use of them should be considered. It is against this background that this study main purpose was to evaluate the effectiveness of the use of opens source Integrated Management Information Systems (MIS) in Libraries, Strathmore University as a case. The objectives of the study were: to determine the effectiveness of open source integrated information management system in use at Strathmore university library, to find out the users’ attitudes towards the integrated management information system at Strathmore University Library’, to find out the challenges facing the integrated management systems in Strathmore university and suggest recommendations that would help in improving the use of Koha at Strathmore University Library. The study utilized a case study and was carried out within Strathmore University. The study found out that the integration of information management system in the provision of library service is to a great degree perceived to be effective. However, there was need for improvement. The findings further revealed that, most members of staff and students have positive attitudes towards the use of Koha at the Strathmore University library. This implies that they would appreciate being trained to use it and support any efforts to improve the system. The study concluded that there were still enormous challenges in integration of the management information system in Libraries due some reasons for instance the constant change of software, internet failure and the lack of technology know how among some clients. The study recommended that there is need for continuous training to students and staff to keep then abreast of the technological changes of integrated information systems and innovative strategies of dealing with the challenges associated with Koha.

The article analyzes that properly managed complaints can provide a strong link between users and the organization. So, if companies are seeking consumer loyalty, they must look at complaints as a strategic tool, not as the proof of their mistakes. Complaints are a feedback system that can help organizations quickly and easily run away, which is currently relevant to each business, change its product, service style, and marketing goals. If a user is successfully addressed after the problem is addressed, it is usually not possible to make formal complaints. So, one of the best ways to find out what the user wants is what his expectations are to hear his complaints, and one of the most reliable ways to improve personal relationships is to draw attention when someone feels depressed for us and responds accordingly in order to resolve the conflict. However, most customers are dissatisfied with how companies react and deal with customer complaints, although they are well aware that this is very important.

The aim of this study is to identify the most informative cerebrospinal fluid (CSF) markers in the diagnosis of active neurosyphilis and in surveillance during antibiotic treatment. It is about a retrospective, analytical, epidemiological study over a period of 10 years, from 1 January 2006 to 31 December 2016 conducted in the laboratory of microbiology of CHU HASSAN II of Fez. We have identified 30 cases of neurosyphilis over a 10-year period. All patients were HIV negative. We realised: on the CSF, a cytochemical examination, white and red blood cell count, a total protein and glucose levels. On CSF and serum, VDRL and TPHA tests for the detection of specific antibodies. The CSF study showed 6 cases (20%) of meningitis with cytology varying between 20 and 890 cells / ml predominantly lymphocytic. 40% of cases had hyper-proteinuria with extremes 0.2 and 4.3 g / l, glycorachia was normal in all cases. The initial titration of VDRL and TPHA was positive in 18 (60%) and 22 (74%) in the CSF, respectively, and 20 (67%) and 26 (87%) in the serum. An accurate and simple approach to the diagnosis of neurosyphilis remains elusive and the diagnosis continues to require a thorough assessment of the patient, including exposure to the risk, presence of compatible clinical signs and symptoms, and laboratory. While direct tests (such as microscopy or PCR) are useful in early infection, serological testing remains the mainstay of the diagnosis of neurosyphilis.

L-ornithine (L-Orn), is an intermediate metabolite in the urea cycle that plays an important role in the human beings and is used for the treatment of the liver diseases etc. Based on these versatile advantages, L-Orn is widely applied in the health care and pharmaceutical industries. In this study, l-arginase from Idiomarina sediminium was immobilized onto chitosan-hydroxyapatite. Effects of immobilization parameters including medium temperature and pH, enzyme concentration and coupling time was evaluated to obtain the best reaction conditions. The optimal immobilization pH was determined as pH 7.5 with the highest enzyme activity of 101.24 U chitosan-HAP beads and highest immobilization efficiency of 81.4%. Furthermore, the immobilized protein amount showed an increase with increasing enzyme concentration as expected. Characterization of immobilized enzyme was evaluated using l-arginine as a substrate. Immobilized enzyme exhibited better thermostability and higher stability at lower and higher pH values. Immobilization also resulted in a shift of 0.5 units in pH optimum for maximum enzyme activity. In contrast to optimum pH value, after immobilization no shift occurred in optimum temperature. Furthermore enzyme retained 81.8% of its initial activity during consecutive eight cycles. The results suggests that chitosan-HAP immobilized l-arginase can be employed on the large scale for industrial production of l-ornithine

The scalp is a specific anatomic district, in which the most elevated density of pilo-sebaceous follicles is available and terminal hairs are concentrated. Scalp lesions are the most disregarded since they are not effortlessly seen with ensuing deferral in recognition and late treatment. This examination is expected to decide the histopathological investigation of Scalp Lesions. The present review think about assessed 65 instances of scalp lesions from the record of one of the tertiary care hospital of Uttar Pradesh over a span of three years. All the histopathologically demonstrated instances of scalp lesions were explored and clinical points of interest were gotten from the documents. Age, sex, and histology of the considerable number of examples were assessed. Among the 65 cases, 38 (58%)) cases were benign lesions. The male to female proportion was 1.5:1. Benign conditions were most conspicuous and small portion were malignant. Age appropriation in benign lesions was 20-40 years though malignant lesions were found in the elderly. Scalp injuries are uncommon, benign lesions are more common. For each situation of a scalp lesion a wide differential conclusion must be considered. Enhanced clinical experience and hospital participation with more thorough detailing would yield more illustrative information.

This study investigated the prevalence of Canine Distemper (CD) Antigen in dogs in three major clinics in Northern part of Plateau State. A total of 150 blood samples were and sera were used to test for CD Antigen using Rapid CDV Ag Test Kit which is a chromatographic immunoassay for qualitative detection of Canine Distemper Virus (CDV) antigen. Associations between factors were analyzed using Chi square at 95% confidence interval. A prevalence of 45.33% was recorded. There was significant difference in relation to age, breed and vaccination status (P<0.05) but no significant difference in relation to sex and location. The result of the study established the presence of CDV infection in the study area incriminating age and breed as the risk factors. Therefore, there is need for establishment of adequate control measures especially through vaccinations and sero-monitoring of the vaccinated animals in the area using rapid CDV test kits.

This study reports baseline information about melanocytic neoplasms in TUTH. The objective was to study the histological spectrum of melanocytic nevi and melanoma, and to make a clinicohistopathological correlation. 50 consecutive cases of melanocytic neoplasms were studied from December 2010 to December 2011.Of the 50 cases, 12 (24%) were malignant melanoma and 38 (76%) were melanocytic nevi. Cutaneous melanocytic nevi was the commonest, 30/38, (79%) followed by 8/38 (21%) conjunctival nevi. Head and neck was the commonest site (25/38) and the mean age at presentation was 32.66 +16.19 years, the female to male ratio being 5.3:1.In melanoma, 4 (33%) were extracutaneous, of the cutaneous, 2 (17%) were acral lentiginous, and 6 (50%) were nodular. Mean age was 50 + 16.99 years with an equal female to male ratio. Commonest site was extremities (6/8) in cutaneous and choroid in extracutaneous (2/4) lesions. Concordance between clinical and histopathological diagnosis were found in 30/50 (60%) cases. Melanocytic nevi are quite common in females, melanoma is rare, affecting men and women equally. In our context melanoma likely represents a sporadic disorder. Difference from the western societies is the common occurrence of nodular melanoma here and the topographical distribution.

The objective is to explore the effects of law and code-oriented and caring-oriented organizational ethical climates on physician–patient trust and interactions. A questionnaire survey was adopted and physicians of a case hospital were selected as the survey participants. A total of 116 valid questionnaires were collected, which were then analyzed through multiple regression analysis. The law and code-oriented organizational ethical climate had a significant and positive effect on physician–patient trust and interactions. In an increasingly complex medical environment, physicians must be aware of their hospitals’ organizational ethical climate and understand their roles and tasks pursuant to the hospitals’ missions, visions, and values. Such awareness and understanding will strengthen physician–patient relationships and enhance medical service quality

Trichomonas vaginalis amongst other STIs facilitate the natural history of HIV infection and may play an important role in the transmission dynamics of HIV. In this study we determined the prevalence of T. vaginalis infection and associated risk factors among HIV-1 infected women attending antiretroviral treatment Center at Jos University of Teaching Hospital. The study was a cross sectional survey of 168 HIV-1 infected women who presented to the STI clinic with symptoms and/or without symptoms of T. vaginalis infection from November 2015 to January 2016 after obtained informed consent. Demographic data and high vaginal swabs were collected by trained nurse. The samples were examined by light Microscope to identify T. vaginalis, Candida species and bacterial vaginosis. Of 168 HIV-1 infected women, 87 (51.8%) were positive for T. vaginalis infection. The rate of co-infection of T. vaginalis with bacterial vaginosis, Candidiasis was 44.8% and 5.7% respectively, both showed no statistical significance, P=0.360. The highest prevalence of T. vaginalis infection 29.8% was among individuals in the 30-41 years age group while the lowest 3.05% was among individuals in the 54-65 years age group. In the univariate analyses; age, occupation, educational status, marital status, previous history of STI, condom use, multiple sexual partners, pregnancy, ART status and symptoms manifestations showed no significant association, but in multivariate analyses, history of STI , symptoms manifestations showed significant association with p>0.05. The high prevalence of T. vaginalis highlights the need for routine screening among HIV-infected women.

The Present study was carried out to analyse the prescribing pattern of drugs and appropriateness of antimicrobials use in gastroenteritis in hospitalized children. It was a prospective, observational, single centre study undertaken in gastroenteritis inpatients of paediatric department, aged one month to seventeen years, over a period of six months. Modified Kunin's criteria along with the guidelines set by the World Gastroenterology Organization were followed for assessing the appropriateness of the antimicrobials prescribed and prescribing patterns respectively. A total of 120 patients were enrolled, of whom 61% were in the age group below 5 years. Diarrhoea with mild dehydration was diagnosed in 53% patients followed by no dehydration (28%) and severe dehydration (19%). IV fluids (90.8%) and antimicrobials (86.6%) were the commonest drugs prescribed. 89% of antimicrobials were given in parenteral dosage form. 27.9% of antimicrobials were given for 3 days duration. Among the antimicrobials, ceftriaxone was frequently prescribed. Inappropriate antimicrobial therapy was given in 9.6% of the cases. Precise use of antimicrobials was preferred in 10.5% of cases. Microbiology report was missing in 79.9% of cases. No ADRs were observed during the study. Inappropriate use of antimicrobials was seen in the study. Emphasis on proper diagnosis, treatment, education and availability of effective guidelines may help in a judicious use of drugs in children.