Objective of this study was to determine Biochemical condition and Microbiological load of water and soil sample of some costal shrimp Hatchery and Fisheries of Bangladesh. 8 samples were taken from 6 individual costal shrimp Hatchery. pH, temperature, Dissolved Oxygen, Biological Oxygen Demand, Ammonia, Salinity and Alkalinity of each sample was determined. The temperature and pH of the collected samples were found to vary from 29 to 32°C and 7.5 to 8.5 respectively. The Biological Oxygen Demand of the collected samples from different sources was found to range from 8.0 to 13.0 mg/L. The Dissolved Oxygen of the samples was observed to vary from 3.0 to 4.0 ppm. The ammonia content was observed to vary from 0.5 to 0.8 mg/L. The salinity was in the range of 28 to 32 ppt. The alkalinity of the samples was found to range from 120 to 130 mg/L. The total bacterial count and Vibrio load count of was done from collected samples. The maximum bacterial load was found to exist in the soil sample of dumping ground and at the zone of mixing point of hatchery discharged water with sea water next to it.

There are numerous kinds of centipedes present across the world. All species hold venom in their glands. However, a bite of each kind has its reactions. According to researchers, it has not been that bites of centipede killed people or pets. The symptoms of centipede stings vary depending on the degree of allergic reaction and the size of the centipede. Classically, bite victims have severe pain, swelling and redness at the site of the bite, with symptoms usually lasting less than 48 hours. Symptoms for those more sensitive to the venom’s effects may also include a headache, chest pain, heart tremors, nausea and vomiting. We are going to report and discuss a case of centipede bite or first dose of intravenous hydrocortisone complicated with a rare presentation of dystonic reaction

Parthenium hysterophorus L. is an invasive alien species of natural and agroecosystems. It causes biodiversity loss in the former and yield loss in the later. Successful eradication of P. hysterophorus is still a distant dream. We argue that the possibilities to exploit this species for material production and services should be explored. Present study evaluates this species for phytoremediation of chromium (Cr) and nickel (Ni). P. hysterophorus plants were exposed to four concentrations of chromium (CN10, CN15, CN30 and CN40) and nickel (NN10, NN20, NN40 and NN50). The low concentrations of Cr (CN10) and Ni (NN10 and NN20) enhanced all the growth parameters studied. Shoot accumulation of Ni exceeded the root accumulation (TF<1) while TF>1 was noted for Cr. P. hysterophorus accumulates both heavy metals as evident from high biological concentration factor (BCF) and biological accumulation coefficient (BAC). Hence P. hysterophorus can act as phytoremediator of Ni and Cr.

Fluoroquinolone antibacterial agents are broad spectrum molecules and may be co-prescribed with antimalarial drugs in co-presenting infections. This study aimed at assessing the intestinal permeability of piperaquine (PQ) from dihydroartemisinin-piperaquine (DP) co-formulated antimalarial co-prescribed with ciprofloxacin (CP), using ex vivoabsorption model. Excised intestinal segments (duodenum and ileum) of length 4 cm from New Zealand white albino male rabbits (n=2) loaded with DP suspension equivalent to PQ (100 mg/mL) and CP suspension (100 mg/mL) based on body weights of animals. Similarly, DP alone was loaded to serve as controls C1 and C2, respectively. The organ bath contained Tyrode solution (TS) 100 mL. Sampling (5mL) was taken at 0, 0.5, 1, 2, 4 and 6 h post immersion of tissue. PQ analysis was performed using high pressure chromatographic system with C8 ZorbactEclipse XDB (150 x 4.6 mm, 4.6 µm) column with UV detection at 220 nm and flow rate of 0.7 mL/min. Mobile phase contained acetonitrile: 10 mM ammonium acetate (70: 30 %v/v) and flow rate of 1.0 mL/min at ambient temperature. Area under the curve (AUC) ± SEM at 2 h and 6 h (AUC00-2 and AUC0-6) for tests and their respective control in duodenum were (0.2940±0.1055 versus 0.6198±0.0083 µg.mLh-1, P=0.009) and (1.9270±0.1287 versus 3.3975±0.3638 µg.mLh-1, P=0.006) and ileum (1.5300±0.1242 versus 1.5408±0.4275 µg.mLh-1, P=0.645) and (3.9500±0.0205 versus 5.6603±0.1073 µg.mLh-1, P=0.045), respectively. CP revealed lower permeability indices for PQ in duodenal but not in ileal intestinal barrier. Spacing out of drug regimen may be required for optimum PQ permeation

Hemosiderotic Fibrolipomatous Tumor (HFLT) and pleomorphic hyalinizing angiectatic tumor of soft parts (PHAT) are rare, locally aggressive neoplasms with overlapping morphological and immunohistochemical features. HFLT is a recently described neoplasm whose cytological features have not been widely described in the literature. We present the cytological and histopathological features of this case because of its rarity and the intermediate features exhibited in this tumor, suggesting a continuous spectrum of tumors of uncertain differentiation, which includes both HFLT and PHAT. A 29 year old female presented with a painful swelling over the dorsum of foot for 1½ months. FNA of the swelling showed features of a spindle cell neoplasm with marked pleomorphism, cytoplasmic pigment, intranuclear and intracytoplasmic inclusions. A possibility of a sarcoma was given. Histopathological examination of the excised specimen showed features in favor of a soft tissue tumor of intermediate malignancy of uncertain type. Immunohistochemistry showed immunoreactivity for CD34 and negativity for CD31, S-100, HMB-45, Melan-A and pancytokeratin. These findings favoured the possibility of a HFLT. An early PHAT was also considered owing to considerable overlap seen in these two tumors.

Atherogenic cardiovascular risk assessment is important in the management of dyslipidaemia associated with antiretroviral therapy (ART). Generally, Castelli’s Risk Index (CRI), Atherogenic Index of Plasma (AIP) and Atherogenic coefficient (AC) are becoming useful indices as risk predictors for cardiovascular disease (CVD). We studied the importance of these indices in identifying at-risk HIV individuals receiving treatment. Eighty (80) HIV-patients comprising treatment (n=40) and treatment-naïve (n=40) groups with age- and sex-matched were enrolled. Traditional lipid parameters {Total cholesterol (TC), Triglycerol (TG), and HDLc} were analyzed using spectrophotometry. The LDLc was calculated using Friedewald equation. Non-HDLc, CRI-I (TC/HDLc ratio) and CRI-II (LDLc/HDLc ratio), AIP {Log10 (TG/HDL-c)} and AC {(Non-HDLc)/HDLc} were also calculated. The CD4+ cell count was determined using flow cytometry. The correlations between atherogenic indices and lipid profile were determined using Pearson’s correlation.

Since independence in 1960 from British colonial rule, the various leadership of Nigeria have adopted various developmental strategies with view to reduce or to some extent do away with poverty but it could not, due to the complex nature of the country‟s poverty which can be termed as chronic. This is because poverty in Nigeria is persistent. It is estimated that up to 70% of Nigerians are living below poverty line. Nigeria has been branded by the international community as the second most corrupt nation in the World. For three consecutive years, 2000, 2001 and 2002, it has maintained that unenviable position. The rating came up as a consequence of several failed attempts by the administration to wipe out corruption and poverty or reduce them to a tolerable level in the polity. It is absolutely frustrating when one realizes the immense potentials in Nigeria. Sixteen years is enough time for any administration to sort out the fundamental problem of the country (poverty). All the recent poverty alleviation and development programs and initiatives are geared toward realizing the number one (1) Millennium Development Goal (MDGs), which is to eradicate extreme poverty and hunger by the year 2015. We have passed the deadline to the target of MDGs, these policies and programs are judged to be unsatisfactory and inadequate in meeting the MDGs. This therefore, necessitates the need for an elaborate study to critically assess the interplay between corruption, development and chronic poverty in Nigeria. The question to be asked is what are the problems of Nigeria‟s poverty reduction policies and development plans? To answer this fundamental question the paper clearly argued that Nigeria does not need any new policy on development and chronic poverty. All it needs is seriousness in terms of the implementation of existing policies to address the chronic nature of the Nigerian poverty. Nigerians need to sit up with a view to addressing corruption in all its ramifications. This is the only way Nigeria would get out of the shackle of chronic poverty and by extension development in general.

Odontogenic tumors represent a heterogeneous group of rare lesions accounting for about 1% of all jaw tumors. This work was carried out in order to evaluate the demographic and the histopathological characteristics of these tumors in Hassan II University Hospital, Fez, Morocco. This is a retrospective study including all cases of odontogenic tumors histologically diagnosed during a period of 10 years (2007-2016), in the department of pathology, Hassan II University Hospital, Fez, Morocco. Different demographic and histopathological characteristics have been analysed. A total of 31 odontogenic tumors were recorded. We noted a male predominance with a sex -ratio of 1.81. Mean age was 39.7 years (range, 7–87 years). The mandibular location was predominant with a maxillary/ mandibular ratio of 1: 1.21. Except one case of malignant odontogenic tumor, all other cases were benign. Ameloblastoma was the most common type (64.5%), followed by odontogenic myxoma/fibromyxoma and cementoma. In this series, odontogenic tumors have similarities and differences with those of previous series. We noted a male predominance, a more advanced age at diagnosis, and predominance of mandibular location and of ameloblastoma

Abstract: The study sought to investigate the influence of knowledge management systems on performance of small and medium enterprises. The study was anchored on systems theory. Descriptive cross sectional research design was adopted. Owners and employees of small and medium enterprises in Nanyuki town were targeted. Stratified random sampling technique was used to select a sample of 115 respondents. Data was analyzed using descriptive and inferential statistics and regression analysis was used to establish the relationships between the variables. The findings were presented in tables and figures. The findings showed that knowledge management systems were lowly adopted by SMEs especially for feedback and decision support systems. Knowledge management systems (p=0.11) was not found to be statistically significant. It was concluded that majority of managers and employees did not have awareness of these systems. Failure to adopt these systems therefore remains the gap in the performance of SMEs. The study recommended that SME owners and employees should be sensitized about knowledge systems to enable them adopt the same and enhance performance.

To achieve organizational sustainability and competitive advantage in this contemporary business world, it requires the effective engagement of human resource management practices and engagement of competent employees. Due to the challenges associated in business performance as a result of employee disengagement behaviour, it is imperative that every organization seek to stimulate the level of employee engagement with its best practices and policies to drive an irresistible organization that enhances the wellbeing and social wellbeing of employees.The objective of the study was to examine the managerial perception ofhuman resource management practices on employee engagement, to examine employees‟ expectation of human resource management practices on employees‟ engagement. The sample size was 600 which comprised of both employees (460) and management (140) and systematic sampling was employed for the study. It was made known by management that, recognition and reward of employee‟s effort was ranked as the first HRM practices which have a high relationship with employee engagement, and employees, also ranked management-employee relationship as first to have a perfectly strong relationship with employee engagement.. It was recommended that, management must devise smooth strategies to continuously improve employees‟ morale, commitment and satisfaction for their job. Effective Human resource management practices therefore play a vital role in stimulating employee engagement.

This study was carried out during a 4 months period from December 2012 to March 2013. A total of 140 fresh and frozen ground beef samples were purchased from local butchers and supermarkets in Alexandria. Each of the ground beef sample was analyzed for its microbiological quality (total plate count, total coliform count and E. coli count). Regarding the type of meat, and according to their APC, fresh meat proved to be unsatisfactory in a higher percentage than fresh meat. However according to the TCC parameter, frozen meat samples were a little higher than the fresh meat samples, but in E. coli parameter the frozen meat percentage much higher than fresh meat.

The study explored accounting information as a veritable tool for the appraisal of the performance of production companies in relation to their productivity and financial position. The research adopted a quasi-experimental design. Primary data were gathered with questionnaire and the results of the hypotheses were arrived through percentage and Spearman’s Rank Correlation Coefficient. It was revealed that the productivity of a production company is enhanced and sustained when the financial position of a firm is timely ascertained as this would help the company in financing their operations for maximum output. Besides, objective, timely, cost effective, complete and reliable accounting information help a production company to determine its financial position at any point in time. Based on the findings, the study recommended that effectual accounting information would be of immense help to a company in boosting and sustaining its productivity; the reason is that sureness of the financial position of a production company would, to a considerable extent, assist it in taking informed and timely decision either to continue to finance the production of a profitable product or to discontinue the production of a product that does not add value to the firm financially or otherwise. Finally, this would help a production firm to sustain an appreciable level of performance and growth for its survival.

Abstract: Today, the tremendous possibilities that arise with scientific advancements in medicine, biotechnology, and affiliated sciences are distinct and clear. And so are the abuses, negative implications, and ethical dilemmas that arise with such revolutionary technology. As a civilized global society, it is our responsibility to ensure that such achievements may not be marred by the negligent actions of a few. The potential of gene modification technology is very exciting indeed, but we need to advance with caution for the sake of the safety of our global community. The aim of this article is to highlight the current practices and experimentations being conducted in the field of genetic engineering, the laws or the lack of laws pertaining to genetic engineering, the ethical concerns that arise from dwelling into such experiments and the Islamic perspective on this issue. It is concluded that the status quo restricts scientists from conducting unauthorised experiments based on a voluntary moratorium. There should be well defined boundaries that do not create unethical issues while at the same time promote research in this field which has the potential to cure diseases and improve the well-being of humankind.

The aspiration of human being to advance life standards throughout the past have always brought diverse pursues with it. These pursuits have become reality by putting forward a new hint and taking risks when essential. Innovative and risk taking people have begun to be defined as entrepreneurs over time. In such context women entrepreneurship and innovation has become an emerging topic in today’s world. The present study evaluates the drivers and current status of financial literacy of the women entrepreneurs in floriculture industry. In addition, examine the socio economic and cultural barriers which hinder women participation in entrepreneurship and innovation. Ninety two female respondents were selected for this survey and administrated a pre tested questionnaire. Collected data were analyzed using Wilcoxon sign rank test. Study revealed the need to earn money and financial necessity as the major drivers to start a new venture. They were not aware about the high-risky unregulated saving systems, government tax policy, inflation rates and, stock market. Further the explored constraints of the study were unavailability of enough capital, market for finished goods, lack of knowledge on modern technology, inadequate infrastructure for transportation of raw material; inadequate training and access to information, weak business associations and, government taxes as the prevailing constraints. Therefore the authorities should take necessary actions to remove these obstacles, in order to improve the women entrepreneurship in floriculture.

Abstract: Tax non-compliance reduces tax collection and the tax performance within a country. The Kenyan government has implemented various strategies to bring businesses in the informal sector into the tax bracket though available data shows declines in the collected taxes. The purpose of this study was to identify predictors of tax compliance in the informal sector in Nyeri Town. Specifically the study aimed to assess how tax rates, attitudes towards government spending, complexity of tax returns and tax enforcement strategies influence tax compliance. The study adopted a cross-sectional survey design and targeted 715 informal businesses in Nyeri Town. Stratified random sampling technique was used to select 143 informal businesses to participate. Researcher-administered questionnaires were used to collect data from the respondents. Descriptive statistics entailing frequency distribution, percentages, mean, were used to summarize and organize data. Inferential statistics entailing Chi-square tests and correlation analysis were employed to establish relationships between study variables. Findings were presented using tables of frequencies and percentages. A significant number (83%) indicated that they’d be more willing to pay taxes if the tax enforcement strategies were improved. The study found that tax enforcement strategies had no significant relationship (p=0.068) with tax compliance at 95% confidence level The study also found that tax enforcement strategies had a weak positive correlation (r=0.364) with tax compliance. The study concluded although to a small extent, tax enforcement strategies predicted tax compliance in the informal sector. It was recommended that the tax enforcement strategies could be improved by bringing the services closer to their businesses, to enhance tax compliance.