Breast cancer is the commonest cause of cancer related death among women globally. The incidence is lowest but increasing in Africa and accompanied by increased mortality. Different expression patterns of oestrogen receptor (ER), progesterone receptor (PR) and human epidermal growth receptor (HER) 2 have been identified. The aim is to determine the molecular subtypes of breast cancer and evaluate their association with tumour characteristics such as age at presentation, stage of disease and grade of tumour. A 2 year prospective study of all patients that presented at University of Port Harcourt Teaching Hospital. Data was collected and analysed using the Statistical Package for Social Sciences (SPSS) version 17.0. Eighty six patients were seen during the study period and they were all females. Their ages ranged from 26 to 83 and the mean was 46.1 ± 14.3 years. Infiltrating ductal carcinoma was the commonest histological type, and seen in 78 (90.7%) patients. Triple negative was the commonest receptor subtype and observed in 40 (46.5%) patients. Breast cancer receptor subtype was significantly associated with stage and grade of tumour but not with age at presentation. Breast cancer in Nigerian women occurs relatively in younger women and most are triple negative and aggressive. Given the young age of onset and aggressiveness of this disease, it will be imperative to identify women at risk and increase the awareness, target screening and develop prevention strategies

Hemophagocytic lymphohistiocytosis (HLH) associated with visceral leishmaniasis (VL) in children is a rare clinicopathological entity, difficult to diagnose, fatal in the absence of treatment. It should be evoked in children with prolonged fever and splenomegaly. We report two cases of HLH caused by visceral leishmaniasis . In the first case, it was a 14-month old infant hospitalized for fever with pancytopenia. The diagnosis of HLH was made in front of a clinical and biological features, a corticotherapy was initiated. The search for an underlying infectious disease had shown the presence of leishmania bodies on the myelogram. The second case was a 15-month old infant hospitalized for fever associated with abdominal distension. The diagnosis of VL was made on the medullogram, during the hospitalization a macrophagic activation report was positive and treatment with meglumine antimoniate was introduced, the two infants had evolved well under treatment

The aim is to make head and neck surgeons aware of a rare variation in the course of Spinal accessory nerve in relation to Internal carotid artery at higher level of neck dissection, thus minimizing anatomical surprises during neck dissection. Maxillofacial Surgeons often have to perform neck dissection to manage metastatic nodal diseases as in head and neck cancer and it is very important identifying and preserving the good and essentials while removing the pathological ones to the highest precision. Anatomy is the road map to perform a successful surgery. Knowing the variations of neck structures is important as the ignorance of the anatomical variations may lead to iatrogenic injury to vital structures during surgery thus leading to treatment failure. In this article we present a rare variation of SAN crossing ventral to the Internal Carotid Artery, found during a Supraomohyoid Neck Dissection (SOHND) of left side as a part of surgery along with Hemiglossectomy for a Squamous cell carcinoma (SCC) of left tongue. Knowledge of the rare variation of Spinal accessory nerve in neck in rerlation to its adjacent structures is important, as the major nerves and vessels play important roles as landmarks during head neck surgery. Iatrogenic injury to vital structures like Spinal Accessory Nerve (SAN) during neck dissection at Level IIb may lead to morbidity as shoulder syndrome though oncological clearance of this level of lymph nodes is of utmost importance. The SAN is considered as the landmark of the anteroinferior border of Level IIb and may cross the Internal Jugular Vein (IJV) dorsally, ventrally or through the vein. So it is important to know the variations of Spinal accessory nerve in relation to major blood vessels of neck to avoid any anatomical surprises during surgery.

Abstract: The study was carried out within the older Kiambu District in three banks; Equity Kenya Commercial Bank and Cooperative Bank. The research primary focus was to attest the effect of agency banking satisfaction in relation to customers’ growth in the banking sector. This is because Commercial banks have pioneered in ascertaining colossal agents despite the short period after the instigation of the program by Central bank. Descriptive research design was adhesively used to hold together critical research variables. It afforded researcher with a pathway that aided in spawning a well-defined structure. The researcher beheld research design as the engine that drove his entire research to its packed completion [1]. The descriptive design selected provided genuine means in achieving the itemized research objectives through empirical evidence that was acquired economically. Both non-probability and probability sampling techniques were used. Purposive sampling was used in selecting the three banks of study out of the eight banks practicing the agency banking, the scope area of study and the sample size drawn to represent the customers and the bank employees. Stratified randomly technique was used to survey two customers from each of the 28 agents sampled. The findings of the study shows that 54 out of 56 customers responded giving a 96.33% Response rate. Descriptive research design was used to analyze information statistically. From the findings, an average of 600,000 customers transact on agency banks daily. This stimulates an opening of decongesting the banking halls. The study also found that 80.3% of these customers are satisfied by services rendered by branchless banking.

Studies on gender disparities of traditional cardiovascular risks such as anthropometric factors are limited in black Africans. We aimed to examine the relationship between anthropometric parameters and blood pressure (BP) and possible gender differences in hypertensive adult Nigerians. A cross sectional study was carried out involving 261 adult hypertensive patients recruited consecutively at the medical out-patient clinic of Niger Delta University Teaching Hospital. They comprised 118 males and 143 females aged 26years to 94years. Their BP and anthropometric measurements were assessed using standard protocols. More than 70% of subjects were either overweight or obese. Females had significantly higher WC, WHtR and BMI than males. For females, BP had a significant positive correlation with anthropometric measures and a regression analysis showed BMI in females was the most important anthropometric index in predicting systolic BP (SBP) and diastolic BP (DBP). For males, none of the anthropometric measures correlated with SBP or DBP. Female hypertensives were significantly more obese than males. Indices of adiposity in females had a direct relationship with BP but not so in males. Further studies are needed to assess gender disparities in cardiovascular risk factors.

Marine algae are in exhaustible sources of chemical compounds contain bioactive compounds that plays an important role against various diseases against the aging process because they protect cells from oxidation. The present study is aimed to analyze the phenol and flavonoids content of the marine red alga Tolypiocladia glomerulata and their potential of free radical scavenging properties. The free radical scavenging capacity of the red alga was analyzed by inhibiting the 2,2-diphenyl-1-picrylhydrazyl (DPPH) and 2,2'-azino-bis (3-ethylbenzothiazoline-6-sulphonic acid) (ABTS). The maximum percentage of inhibition (61.13 ± 0.02% for DPPH and 50.35 ± 0.00 for ABTS) was observed at the concentration of 900 μg/mL. The free radicals scavenging ability of extracts followed close dependent trend. The results indicate that the red alga T. glomerulata have good free radical scavenging capacity with ABTS and DPPH and it could be used as a potential candidate for natural antioxidants

The demonstration was carried out at the farmers’ fields of Barisal region of Bangladesh to evaluate the effectiveness of fertilizer application methods in T. Aman rice in non-saline tidal flooded soil during July to December, 2015. Twenty-five-day old seedlings of BRRI dhan52 was transplanted in randomized complete block design with three replications. The trial was conducted in five locations (Babuganj, Barisal; Nolchiti, Jhalokathi; Barisal Sadar, Barisal; Amtoli, Barguna and Kolapara, Patuakha). Deep placement of urea super granule (USG) (1.8 g size) + PKSZn from BRRI recommended dose was compared with BRRI recommended fertilizer dose and farmers’ fertilizer management. The result showed that USG treated plots produced statistically the highest grain yield and less spikelet sterility compared with BRRI recommended fertilizer dose and farmers’ practices at all locations. Also, panicles per unit area and grains per panicle were highest in USG treated plot than broadcasted urea. Thus, the results revealed that USG application is the best N source in non-saline tidal ecosystem of Barisal region in T. Aman rice.

These empirical research works is anchored on the three fundamental and theoretical arguments that emanated between the Keynesian school, the neoclassical school of thought and Ricardo hypothesis and their view on deficit financing with respect to its contribution to economic development. Despite the huge quantum of debt Nigerian government accommodate yearly, the expected level of development is not been attained as larger percentage of her citizens still lives in abject poverty, low standard of living and high level of unemployment and so on. At this junction, one begins to wonder why the theoretical suggestion dose not seems to be working in the Nigerian context. It is based on these hullabaloos that this study seeks to investigate the effect of deficit financing on development of the Nigerian economy between the periods 1981 to 2015 using error correction model and granger causality test. Study report that Federal government external debt exhibits a significant P-value of 0.0173 with a positive coefficient of 0.000031 suggesting that 1% increase in government external debt is capable of stimulating economic development in Nigeria to the tune of 0.00003. The report of the causality test also validate the report in the error correction model and thus suggest that external debt significantly contribute to the development of the Nigeria economy while domestic debt and deficit budget does not seems to granger cause economic development in Nigeria. On this premises, study conclude that deficit financing is a vital stimuli in promoting economic development in Nigeria if adequately channel for the original purpose for which it was meant for. Furthermore, study thus validates the Keynesian postulation of the existence of positive relationship between deficit financing and economic development. On this note, study recommend that managers of the Nigerian economy should coordinate the appropriation of borrowed fund and ensure that it is properly channelled towards improving the capital and production dominance of the nation as this will further help in achieving a sustainable level of economic development in Nigeria.

The Neurosyphilis is the most severe neurological complication of the active syphilis. It puts real diagnostic problems because of the ascendancy of the atypical forms. Our objective is to analyze the clinical symptoms and to assess the relevance of the different laboratory findings in cerebrospinal fluid (CSF) and serum for the diagnosis and survey of active neurosyphilis. A retrospective study of six hospitalized neurosyphilitic patients at Hospital Moulay Ismail of Meknès from 2003 to 2015 was carried out. Neurosyphilis can be grouped in two categories: early (meningeal and meningovascular neurosyphilis) and late (progressive general paralysis and tabes dorsalis). All patients are HIV negative. All the patients are benefited for an examination cytochimique of the CSF and an examination immunological with the tests VDRL and TPHA for the search for the specific antibodies in the CFS and the serum. The CSF anomalies in neurosyphilis included elevated cell count with lymphocytic-plasmocytic cell reaction, increased protein content, strongly positive blood and CSF serology.

The study provides a holistic view of how employees‟ career advancement can affect organizational effectiveness among selected deposit money banks in Nigeria. The specific objective is to determine the relationship between career advancement and organizational effectiveness in the Nigerian deposit money banks. Primary data was collected from a total of seven (7) banks from existing twenty one (21) licensed banks by Central bank of Nigeria (CBN) through structured questionnaire to elicit information on career development. Data collected were analyzed using both descriptive statistics to determine the relationship between respondents socio-economic characteristics and organizational effectiveness while inferential statistics of Pearson Product Moment Correlation coefficients (PPMC) was employed to analyze the relationship between the variables of career advancement and organizational effectiveness respectively. Findings revealed that employee career advancement in the organization exert a great influence on the operations of deposit money banks in Nigeria, and as such banks management should invest in employees‟ development to stem employee turnover and improve productivity.

West Nile virus (WNV) is a small, enveloped, mosquito transmitted virus with a positive sense, 11 kb RNA genome. It was first isolated in 1937 from a woman with an undiagnosed febrile illness in the West Nile district of Uganda, WNV is currently the most widely distributed arbovirus in the world, occurring in all continents except Antarctica, there are no clinically approved vaccines or antiviral drugs, thus, the aim of this study is to analyze envelope glycoprotein variants using in silico approaches looking for conservancy, which is further studied to predict all potential epitopes that can be used after in vitro and in vivo confirmation as a therapeutic peptide vaccine. Total of 149envelope glycoprotein variants retrieved from NCBI database were introduced to IEDB conservancy tool, to select the highly conserved regions for epitopes prediction. By means of IEDB analysis resource B and T cell epitopes were predicted and population coverage was calculated. Three epitopes were proposed for international therapeutic peptide vaccine for B cell (DLSTKAACPTMGEAHNDKRADPAFV, YGEVTVDCEPRSGIDTN and PVEFSSNTVKL). Regarding T cell, RSYCYLATV epitope was highly recommended as therapeutic peptide vaccine to interact with MHC class I along with five other epitopes that showed good population coverage against whole world population. Two epitopes showed high affinity to interact with MHC class II alleles ( IKYEVAIFV and WFMDLNLPW ). Epitopes defined by methods such as the one described here are likely to contribute substantially to the development of new in vivo and in vitro research ,diagnostic and vaccines for WNV and other emerging infectious diseases.

Nowadays, entrepreneurship literature has become an important component for the development of productivity and economic growth. The entrepreneurial activity is one of the contributors to the country’s economic development. From that, this paper examines five entrepreneurship models with underlying empirical studies. These are; (1) Conceptual Framework of Business Success, (2) Model of the Entrepreneurship Process, (3) Conceptual Framework of Business Success in SMEs, (4) A Model of Strategic Entrepreneurship, and (5) Input-Process-Output Model of Strategic Management. These models are useful and a thorough understanding of how an entrepreneur’s success is important, because this will lead to the development of new tools, such as (1) tools for business to improve their innovation and growth processes and, (2) tools for governments to develop new policies to support and direct economic growth.

Hypereosinophilia is defined by blood eosinophil count greater than 0.5 x 109 / L, it is a biological symptom which should not be neglected given the risk of visceral complications. However, any eosinophilia should be thoroughly investigated in order to define the etiology and treat it. Diagnosis of idiopathic hypereosinophilic syndrome HES can be retained after elimination of parasitic, allergic and haematological causes in the presence of a blood eosinophilia greater than 1.5 x 109 / L evolving over a period of at least six months and complicated by at least one visceral lesion. The visceral sites observed are not specific among which the cardiac and neurological attacks are the most dangerous compared to the other attacks: bronchopulmonary, liver, digestive, renal, cutaneous. We report an observation of persistent hypereosinophilia in a patient with exclusively digestive signs and the diagnostic difficulties encountered.

This paper investigates the Effect of Bioenergy and pollution on economy of Pakistan. Unit root and integration tests have been used to check unit root properties and long-run relationship for the times of 2001Q1 to 2015Q2. The relevant result shows there is a long run relationship exists between the pollution and bioenergy. In short run, there is no effect or low effect of bioenergy on economic growth of Pakistan which have to possess no contributions for economic development. The study further investigates to show that biomass as the basic source of renewable energy, cooperate Pakistan to gain durable improvement aim in the long run as well as in short run. On other hand, government needs to take a serious step to control the pollution level in Pakistan.

The pay TV and internet connection business in Indonesia has experienced significant growth in recent years that it is forecast to have 15 percent increase or approximately will be generating 6 to 9 million more new customers. But on the sales aspect or gaining new customers are yet to catch better satisfactory level. For example, in XYZ Media Company, its target to reach 25,000 new customers in five major cities in Indonesia (Jakarta, Bandung, Semarang, Surabaya, Medan) has yet gained only 5,000. From the preliminary research, it is shown that XYZ Media Company was not yet optimal for providing satisfaction to its customers, particularly in various aspects, such as: Image Quality, Featured Channels, Internet connection, Price competition, while its customers have more satisfaction on at its internet access speed only. This research is utilizing a descriptive study, with explanatory and non probability sample taking method, taken for free by the researcher from XYZ existing customers in the Greater Jakarta area. Total population covers 933 people, and using Slovin sampling techniques which has gathered a sample of 90.3 people. Method being utilized here is Multiple Regression Analysis and processed by SPSS version 22.0. Before the analysis was taken, there was questionnaire instrument test for research the validity and reliability as well as classical assumptions. There was also a partial hypothesis test (t test) and simultaneous testing (Test F) with error tolerance level of 5%. The results showed that all variables which include: Service Quality, Perceived Price, and Promotion have generated positive and significant impact for prospects to decide becoming XYZ Media customers.