To assess the distribution and severity of tooth wear among adult population of Andhra Pradesh. A descriptive cross sectional study was conducted by trained and calibrated examiner. A stratified random sample of 1611 individuals with the age of 35-44 years were examined for tooth wear using Smith and Knight tooth wear index (1984). Descriptive statistics were applied to the data. Prevalence of tooth wear amounted to 70.62%. The highest frequency of score 1 was found for mandibular right 1st molar (41.6%) and score 2 for maxillary left central incisor (20.8%), score 3 for mandibular left 1st molar (6.3%) and score 4 for mandibular left 2nd premolar (7.3%). Occlusal surfaces were most commonly affected with tooth wear when compared to buccal, lingual and cervical surfaces. It also shows that occlusal surfaces of maxillary and mandibular anterior teeth were more commonly affected than the posterior teeth. No tooth wears on the lingual surfaces of posterior teeth of both the arches. Tooth wear remains a common finding in study population. Furthermore, the question of whether tooth wear is a public health problem remains open for debate.

Copra is one among the coconut products, the kernel of the fruit of the coconut palm (Cocos nucifera). Copra is valued for the coconut oil extracted from it and for the resulting residue, coconut-oil cake, which is used mostly for livestock feed. Copra export occupies significant position in terms of quantity as well as value position in export earnings among the coconut products. In recent years, there have been ups and downs in export of copra from India. In this study was conducted to analyze export performance of copra in India. The required data collected for the period of 10 years. The annual common growth rate in terms of quantity and value were positive. Estimates trend of copra of quantity and value in India for the period of 2006-07 to 2015-16. It was resulted that the slightly fluctuated. On the basis of fitted trend. The growth was analysed the direction of causality between time and quantity, value of copra export. The findings indicate a strong relationship between the dependent and independent variables.

Effective communication is a fundamental requirement for any effective strategic plan implementation; organizational communication plays an important role in training, knowledge acquisition and retention during the process of strategic plan implementation. This study examined dynamics of information communication technology on implementation of strategic plans in public secondary schools in Kenya. The study was anchored on goal setting theory. The study was guided by a mixed method Research design. The study sample comprised of 9 sub-county education officials, 85 chairs Board of management, 85 principals and 85 senior teachers. The study employed both probability and nonprobability sampling designs. Quantitative data was collected through questionnaire while qualitative data using interview. Quantitative data was analysed using descriptive, for inferential statistics was through theme and narration. The findings of this study revealed that information communication technology have a significant relationship on implementation of strategic plan in public secondary schools. The study concluded that information communication technology is an essential requires all levels, and all functions in the school should be generated through communication, involvement and commitment of people in school The study recommended that the management on public secondary schools should consider adopting training programmes during strategic plans implementation, this will help the institutions to gather valuable information that will provide valuable insights in the strategic plans implementation. This study will be useful in formulating and developing network that would enable the schools to improve on strategic planning process.

Almost 80% of the world’s visual impairment is treatable or preventable. Regardless of this, millions of people are at risk of visual loss due to the lack of eye-care services. The study examined eye care needs of persons with visual impairments in a District Hospital in Ghana, specifically to assess the availability of eye care services, challenges and measures to improve accessibility. A qualitative approach was adopted to interview persons with visual impairments and eye care providers. Purposive sampling was used to select a sample size of 20; 15 visually impaired and 5 health care providers. A semi-structured interview guide was adopted to capture data onto a voice recorder and transcribed into written notes. Thematic content analysis was used to analyse themes generated from the data according to the objectives. The study found that eye care services were available to some extent but accessibility to the services was limited due to inadequate transport fares and poor health insurance coverage. Aids to accompany clients were limited. Poor infrastructure and equipment limited the ability of healthcare providers to offer effective services. The study recommends that outreach services should be encouraged to provide services at the doorstep to majority and refer complex cases to hospital to reduce cost of transportation. The study further recommends that relevant infrastructure and equipment should be provided by government through the Ghana Blind Union to improve eye care services and also to ensure that health insurance policies adequately cover diagnosis, treatment and the provision of assistive devices.

The industrial revolution is explained in many different ways. It is explained as a rapid growth of the manufacturing industry, it is explained as the structural shift in the economy, the shift in which large population moved away from agriculture sector to the mining and manufacturing sector between mideighteenth and mid-nineteenth centuries. One other explanation is that industrial revolution is something where there was a continuous advancement in the national income. There were two industrial revolutions, first industrial revolution stayed from late eighteenth century to early nineteenth century. Then after 1825, the pace of the path-breaking inventions slowed down which marked the end of the first industrial revolution. The major technological developments again picked up in the late nineteenth century which led to the second industrial revolution. In this paper, major technological differences and differences in terms of banking and financing of firms between first and second industrial revolution were analyzed. It was concluded that technological developments like the invention of power loom and stream engine and improvement in the technology of iron making became the major reason behind the first industrial revolution. Technological developments in the industries of gas lightning, chemicals, glass making, transport machine and the paper machine played a major role the second industrial revolution. During the first industrial revolution increase in the number of country banks, the increased network of the joint and country banks and the coming of Bill-workers changed the banking and financing of firms. During second industrial revolution emergence of clearing banks and cheques, declining of bills and the institutions in which people could deposit their savings emerged which revolutionized the banking and financing of firms.

This paper reviews the weekend effect on stock market returns. The weekend effect anomaly is contrary to the theory of market efficiency. This anomaly is appealing to be examined because the presence of weekend effect can be useful as a trading strategy that can gain profits for investors. Investors could buy stocks on days with abnormally low returns and sell stocks on days with abnormally high returns.

This paper utilized the compressive tests results to examine the crushing behaviour of wood ash particles (hardwood) reinforced polypropylene (WARPP) for crash energy management. The study employed Taguchi method of experimental design to generate data for the work. Gauss – Legendre two point rules was used to evaluate the area under the stress – strain curves which measured the amount of energy absorbed per unit volume of sample. With this evaluation method the highest ultimate strength of 10.5384J/m3 with corresponding work absorption of 1.1 x 10-5J was obtained. Also established with the compression data was the specific energy absorption of 0.01038J/Kg and compressive modulus of 4.9885N/mm2.

Abstract: This study aimed to calculate body fat of polycystic ovarian syndrome (PCOS) women according to different measurements. It investigated correlation between estradiol2 (E2)and testosterone (T) levels and type of obesity, correlation between skin tan and body mass index, correlation between E2 and T levels and food intake, and impact of high caffeine consumption on infertility. Thirty-two infertile PCOS women were included. Different body fat distribution measurements were calculated. On cycle day 2, E2 and T levels were measured. There were recognizable differences in number of obese PCOS women according to different body fat measurements. No significant increase was in E2 and T levels (p=0.41, p=0.18, respectively) for android obese compared to gynoid obese. No significant association was between BMI and skin tan (p=0.57). Notable increase was in number of brown-colored obese compared to white-colored obese. No significant increase was in E2 and T levels for mixed food consumers compared to vegetarian (p=0.82, p=0.11, respectively). Type of infertility and caffeine intake were independent factors. Out of seven high caffeine consumption secondary infertile, five complained from spontaneous miscarriage. Obesity adversely affected fertility. Brown-colored was more susceptible to obesity. Inadequate food intake participated in infertility. High caffeine intake increased susceptibility to spontaneous miscarriage.

Zainab’ novel written by Al- Haikal was the first novel in modern Egyptian literature. The theme tells about women's freedom from the shackles of life traditions. Similar theme is found in Faridah Hanom‟s novel which is Malaysia's first novel, by Syed Syeikh al-Hadi. The plot of Faridah Hanom revolves around the above issue which takes the backdrop of Cairo and its surroundings. The current study aims to identify the similarities between Zainab's novel and Faridah Hanom's novel in terms of themes, characters, plots and backgrounds. The comparison and analysis carried out between the two novels clearly indicate that there are similarities in the selection of themes, characters, plot construction structures and depicted background images. The main theme of both novels is freedom of women from the grip of tradition that does not allow women the right to go out to work, to study and to choose a life partner. Both characters are similarly played by female characters and assisted by male characters. The only difference is the number of angles. From the point of the plot, both revolve around the love relationship between two teenagers as a result of love at first sight. The similarity of background, however, can be seen through the plots that occur in the Egyptian states, the cities of Alexandria and Sudan. In addition, the novels portray the village cultural lives. This equivalences show that the Zainab‟s novel has influenced the creation of Faridah Hanom's novel through adaptation form.

This study was descriptive cross-sectional study, aimed to study the effect of nutritional status, and lifestyle habit among type 2 DM patients in Surman, Western-Libya. A total of 130 type 2 DM patients were enrolled in this study, which was carried out in the period from March to (July 2017). The results were showed that, from 130 type 2 DM patients were recruited for this study, 53 (40.8%) were males, while 77 (59.2%) were females. Out of 130 participants, 47 was normal BMI (36.2%), while 81 was overweight (62.3%) and only 2 was underweight (1.5%). This study was revealed that from 130 participants of type 2 DM patients 88 have taken an ideal diet (67.6%), while 42 were not (32.4%). Moreover, only 37 patients were done physical activities (28.5%), while 93 patients were not (71.5%). Also, the study was shown that 81 patients were exposed to mental stress (62.3%), whereas 49 their life was normal (37.7%). The conclusion, the nutritional status, and lifestyle habit have a great advised effect among type 2 DM patients in Western Libya. It can be concluded that the majorities of individuals with type 2 diabetes were overweight, due to lack of physical activity, and did not follow dietary guidelines for fats, fruits and vegetable consumption. Additional measures are needed to encourage regular physical activity and improve dietary habits in this population.

The need to communicate with the other members of the society for different purposes leaded to the need to learn a foreign language, a second language. Thus the people who spoke two or more languages have more access on communication. The easy way to communicate that was as the result of knowing a foreign language, had a lot of advantages in every field of life. Nowadays speaking and writing another language is more than a necessity. The following paper treat the effectiveness of bilingual education as a theoretical concept, how help the young learners and the benefit in the Albanian education system. The Albanian education system now days have changed and these are reflected even in accepting and entering a foreign language to the school system. Classes have pupils/ learners of different background and teachers use several methods and programs. According to the level of the classes there are used different programs.

Abstract: We describe the first and rare case report of a cryptogenic organizing pneumonia (COP) in a seventh decade diabetic and hypertensive women from low highlands, Jazan, Saudi Arabia. The evidence of the clinical scenario, laboratories testing , radiological images findings followed by treatment with steroid is quite enough to diagnose COP, irrespective of lung tissue biopsy procedures and processing accessibility for histopathology, in a timely manner as reveals in Yahya Al-FIFI’s diagnostic criteria for cryptogenic organizing pneumonia (COP) without a lung tissue histopathology. We started a methylprednisolone forty milligram intravenously every eight hourly for seven days which is showing a dramatic clinical improvement within initial twenty-four hours of first seven days and complete recovery clinically and radiologically, at the end of the following fourteen days of tapering prednisolone doses without a relapse for seven months. Our successful experience approach in this case of COP has several advantages include that an early diagnosis and introduction of methylprednisolone may lead to preserve lung function, avoidance of biopsies procedure complications, may prevent relapses, early hospital discharge, improve the morbidity, mortality and the quality of life of the patient. So, we conclude these clinical, laboratories testing, and radiological findings are quite enough to diagnosing and treating with methylprednisolone to rescue patient life, when a lung biopsy performance accessibility or feasibility is obscured or delayed. We observe that beta-lactam; ceftriaxone and piperacillin/tazobactam, glycopeptide; vancomycin and macrolide; clarithromycin antibiotics are not effective in our patient COP case scenario. “Yahya Al-FIFI’s diagnostic criteria for cryptogenic organizing pneumonia (COP) without a lung tissue histopathology is easy and sufficient enough to assess physician to diagnose COP in acceptable time frame and may have favorable outcome over all.

In this paper, I argue that there is clear evidence of neglect of higher education in post-independent South Sudan. The study, therefore, interrogates the scope of the higher education crisis in the country and assesses prospects for change from the standpoint of equity and quality using institutionalism as a theoretical framework. The study points out that the crisis of the system runs through the tapestry of South Sudan’s history of state formation against which the variable of nation-building at the dawn of Independence in 2011 has failed to assign adequate value for higher education in the pursuit of the objectives of national transformation in particular, and modernisation in general. It remains to be seen if the political leadership and the academic community could define the payload of South Sudan’s higher education system as the country transitions into a constitutional democracy capable of according greater autonomy and initiative to its universities; and revisiting the whole gamut of post-secondary education in order to render it more responsive to addressing the needs of society, particularly in non-academic streams of learning. Besides the historical and institutional challenges, the higher education system of South Sudan must expedite its internationalisation as its formative years wane out. The fundamental requirement is for its competent and dynamic scholars to lead a spirited dialogue and concerted action that should not be broken off by recurrent political violence. This is a must if South Sudan is to stand on the cusp of real transformation in its higher education landscape.

Abstract: Choosing a career path for graduate students could be a big challenging decision. It is often influenced by many other intervening factors such as, personality, type the available specialty path, social and the list goes on. It is natural for many freshly graduate medical students prefer to work in a medical facility with high technical setting to gain the needed experience. This preference seems to transcend cultural differences; it is noticed in different societies around the globe. Community based education (CBE) could offer a more community oriented path for educating students, motivate them, make them passionate about practicing in rural settings. This review highlights the results of studies done regarding Community based education (CBE) by different researchers with different ethnic and cultural backgrounds. Extensive internet search has been done on research and experiments regarding Career Preference and community based education. A positive association between the CBE and the choice of students to work in rural areas has been reported. The feedback from students engaged in this program was quite satisfying.

Abstract: Medical professionals around the world are facing new challenges day in and day out. With the ever-growing advances, the ever-expanding populations and ever complicating life issues, doctors are expected to in their best order and shape at every snap shut of time. This review highlights the principles of medical professionalism. Literature search strategy included electronic database searches, internet searches, hand searching, ancestry searching and networking. The new aspects of medical professionalism are providing a framework within which doctor duties towards the patients are being met with the enhancement with doctor qualities. So much accentuation nowadays is made on patient’s autonomy and confidentiality. In this review, these aspects of the professionalism are being discussed.