This paper examines the impact of financial development on the rates of investment in physical and human capital, again with and without accounting for country fixed effects. The development of financial sector through effective utilization of domestic resources is vital for economic growth and poverty reduction. During the first half of the 1990s Bangladesh experienced major financial sector reforms which included the liberalization of interest rates, improvement of monetary policy, abolishing priority sector lending, strengthening central bank supervision, regulating banks, improving debt recovery and broadening capital market development. To the extent that financial development facilitates growth by encouraging factor accumulation; we should observe their impact in these direct specifications.

Epidemiological information on tuberculosis (TB) has always been vital for planning control strategies. It has now gained further importance for monitoring the impact of interventions to control the disease. The present study was done to estimate the prevalence of pulmonary tuberculosis in industrial population in a tertiary care centre in north India. It is a cross sectional study conducted at ESIC Medical college and hospital which caters to the registered /insured industrial worker under ESI scheme. All patients from chest clinic in the study period who were presumptive pulmonary TB patients were subjected to two sputum examination for AFB microscopy by ZN staining method. Demographic data of study subjects was collected, processed and statistical analyzed using SPSS software. Total 1315 patients participated in the study. Total sputum samples collected were 2623 out of which 351 were positive giving slide positivity rate of 13.58%. Among all of the total positive slides, male female ratio was 1.4:1. Maximum number of slide positive cases was present in 21-30 yr of age group in both male and female. 15.2% cases observed one of the two sputum samples as positive, thus emphasizing the importance of at least two sputum samples for diagnosis. The findings of this study reveal that younger age group patients 21-30 year old were most susceptible to tuberculosis and also percentage positivity of sputum among females was found significantly higher than males in the reproductive age group (21-50 yr). This finding, if corroborated in further studies could have major implications on the reproductive health of women

The quality of government is a key variable affecting the government's trust. Then, how to measure the quality of government? How to study the influence of government quality on government trust? This paper focuses on combing the research status of government quality and government trust at home and abroad, defines the concept of government quality involved in the article, and points out the importance of the division of government quality indicators. Through the literature review of the efficiency of the government, the rule of law, clean government effect on government trust, a general overview of the quality of government's trust in the government, provide basic materials for studying the relationship between government quality and government trust.

The government of Taiwan has promoted the hierarchy of medical care in Taiwan in order to facilitate large-scale hospitals returning to the nature of teaching research, emergency and critical care services. Since 2017, the clinical and service growth of mild cases at medical centers and regional hospitals has been limited. This study adopts a retrospective study and uses the clinic application number of the NHI-insured as research subjects. The subject hospital in 2016 applied about 838,088 cases, and after screening about 158,631 people times were included as the research subjects. With the Chi-square test, a significant difference has been identified in age (p<0.001), gender (p<0.001), diagnosis of diabetes, high blood pressure, and hypercholesterolemia (p<0.001), and divisions visited (p<0.001). 2016 Q1’s primary care services rate was 15.18% with the annual average of 18.93% lower than national rate at the same period, 21.76%. Patients of primary care can be transferred by hospitals to community clinics to reduce financial losses. Relevant adoptive measures also need to be introduced by the government (such as policy promotion and adjustment of co-payment) to smoothly promote and develop primary care services.

The faster growth of aquaculture has ensued in a series of developments harmful to the human and aquatic animal health as well as environment. People are using various prophylactic antibiotics indiscriminately in aquaculture mainly developing countries to prevent different bacterial infections resulting from sanitary shortcomings in fish and shellfish rearing. Also, the abuse of wide variety human non-biodegradable antibiotics remains in aquatic environment. It directly causes development of antibiotic-resistance bacteria and transferable resistance genes can be transferred to disease-causing bacteria, resulting in antibiotic-resistant infections for humans, fish and other aquatic animal. The greater the volume of antibiotics used, the greater the risks that antibiotic-resistant populations of bacteria will prevail in the contest for survival of the fittest at the bacterial level. The use of large amounts of antibiotics that have to be mixed with fish food also forms problems for industrial health and rises the opportunities for the presence of residual antibiotics in fish meat as well as fishery products. So, to overcome this global problem; strict measures, legislations and regulations for the use of antimicrobials in aquaculture should be developed and implemented especially in developing countries, to avoid such negative impacts in human, fish, animals and environment.

Chronotherapeutics refers to a treatment method in which in vivo drug availability is timed to match rhythms of disease, in order to optimise therapeutic outcomes and minimise side effects. The term "chrono" basically refers to the observation that every metabolic event undergoes rhythmic changes in time. It refers to a treatment method in which in vivo drug availability is timed to match rhythms of disease in order to optimize therapeutic outcomes and minimize side effects. It is based on the observation that there is an interdependent relationship between the peak-to-trough rhythmic activity in disease symptoms and risk factors, pharmacologic sensitivity, and pharmacokinetics of many drugs. In this present study invivo evaluation of bilayered tablets of Losartan and Hydrochlorothiazide were studied on rabbits to prove that the prepared formulation shows a pulsatile drug release. The plasma levels were measured using LC-MS/MS method. Pharmacokinetic parameters of these tablets were determined by using WINNOLIN Scientific software. The pulsatile release tablet formulation prepared in the lab managed to show some lag phase initially before releasing the drug with a maximum time (Tmax) at the 12th hour. From this present work the results of invivo studies proved that chronotherapeutical release of drug in the form of bi layered tablet can be achieved for newer chronotherapeutical drug delivery system.

This work characterizes the growth of mangrove oyster, Crassostrea gasar of two lagoons of Côte d’Ivoire: the Ebrié lagoon; on the level of Grand-Bassam and Azito and the Aby lagoon; on the level of Assinie. Thus, a monthly sampling of 30 oysters per site for 12 months (October 2015 at September 2016), during which the physico-chemical parameters of water were recorded. The results of the study show an almost similar evolution of the physico-chemical parameters of the three sites. However, the sites of Assinie and Azito recorded a salinity, although lower than 10‰, high compared to that of Grand-Bassam. The results of morphometric analyses plead in favour of a negative allometry for the two relations in particular, size-sizes relations and size-weight relations. However, the individuals of Assinie present the best values of growth coefficient (b). According to PCA, the individuals of Assinie are identifiable by a weight of flesh and a width of higher bodies. Those of Azito are characterized by a thickness of body, a weight of shell, and a body weight more marked. As for the individuals of Grand-Bassam, they don’t present any distinguishing mark making it possible to characterize them. This study shows, the necessity to install a durable strategy of management of oyster stocks of our lagoons. It would be interesting to envision the culture of the oyster which remains an important food product of socio-economic interest.

Service delivery is the most widely used measure of performance in the public sector. This paper is a critical review of literature with a focus on how service delivery is linked to leadership qualities, ethics and accountability. The four concepts explaining the variables under focus in this paper are introduced through a brief presentation. The study discusses theoretical perspectives deemed most appropriate for this work. These are the path-goal theory, resource based view and principal-agent theory. It is evident that there are numerous studies which have taken different methodology approaches and are conducted in diverse contexts. There however exist conceptual, theoretical, methodological and contextual gaps which need to be addressed in future studies. The key emerging knowledge gap is the fact that the available studies have not investigated the link between leadership qualities, ethics and accountability on one hand and service delivery on the other. Given the importance of improving service delivery it is therefore imperative for scholars and practitioners to understand the nature of this link and to explore it to improve especially with regard to the public sector entities. The review has developed a clearer understanding of the concept and how they relate with the theoretical perspectives. The review underscores the need for practitioners to work towards ensuring organisations are aligned with best practices for leadership qualities, ethics and accountability to ensure better service delivery. The review further highlights need for policy makers to put in place regulatory framework to nurture effective leadership, enhance ethics and accountability for better service delivery.

This study was conducted at the Demonstration Farm of Fuculty of Agriculture , Kassala University during 2014/2015 and 2015/ 2016 seasons in the Halfah Elgadidah, Sudan. Randomized complete plot design with four replications was used in this study. The treatments were four sowing dates (S1, S2, S3 and S4) corresponding to 1rst Nov,15th Nov, 1rst Dec and 15th Dec and two diverse sesame cultivars “Promo” V1, Um shagara V2. The main objective of this study is to investigate the effects of sowing dates on morpho-phonologial traits and seed yield in two sesame cultivars. The obtained results showed that V2 possessing higher stem diameter, larger leaf area, higher number of fruiting branches and capsules per plant as well as seed yield as compared with V1. Sowing dates significantly influenced the different morphological attributes in this study viz, plant height, stem diameter and leaf area. Most of these characters were significantly higher when sesame sown during 15th Nov but the highest leaf area was achieved in last sowing date. Among the varying dates of sowing S2 and S3 significantly recorded higher number of fruiting branches and capsules per plant as well as seed yield as compared with first and last sowing dates. It may be inferred that Umshagra cultivar can be adopted and recommended in study area during S2 and S3 if grown as irrigated crop.

The Banking sector has a crucial role to play in the development of an economy. It is the key driver of economic growth of the country. In India, the banking sector is very strong at the present but at the same time, banking is considered to be a very risky business. Most often than not root cause of a financial turmoil is inefficient risk management practices adopted by the financial institutions. Banks must thus see risk management as an ongoing and valued activity as it is directly linked to financial system stability of the country. The purpose of this research is to outline various risks posed by the Indian Banks and strategies adopted by them for risk management. The secondary objective is to compare the risk severity and success of risk management practices for the public sector and private sector Indian Banks.

The physiomorphological divergence was assessed in twenty-seven soybean genotypes by using cluster mean analysis, principal component and principal coordinate analysis and mean difference to identify parental genotypes for future breeding program in order to develop new high yielding varieties in randomized complete block design with three replications. Plant height, days to first flowering and days to 50% flowering have the highest percent of variations anomg the traits. The genotypes under the experiment were grouped into five clusters. The highest inter cluster distance was found between cluster I and IV followed by I and V. According to principal component scores F-85-11347 and ASSET- 93-19-13 have the prominent influence towards varietal improvement. Selecting genotypes from distant clusters probably provide promising recombinants and better segregants for future breeding platform.

People are put into situations sometime throughout their life where they are asked, “Would you like to donate? Cause related marketing requires often guilt and shame tactics to get people to perform desired behavior, which more often than not is donating to an organization. We wanted to find to what extent does guilt and shame drive the likelihood for someone to donate? Also, what demographics are more likely to donate than others? To figure out these questions as well as others, we conducted a quantitative research study. We gathered primary data through a convenience random sampling method to continue for our descriptive research using quantitative data, then used OLS Simple Linear Regression to process the data. The following data that we found to be the most significant from our survey is focused on Age, Income, and Neuroticism. Showing that a person’s age, Income, emotional stability all have some connection as to feelings guilt or shame as the statscal driver to donate to a non-profit organization. We also found that Gender, Ethnicity, Income, and Year of School do not have an effect on a person’s likelihood to donate. We have found significant data that nonprofit organizations may benefit from for their marketing strategies. They can save money by avoiding costly marketing campaigns that target a certain gender, because gender does not drive likelihood to donate and gender does not drive susceptibility to guilt and shame tactics. They can improve their bottom line by spending it on the right age groups. Organizations should spend their money targeting age groups 25-54 because they are more susceptible to guilt and shame tactics, eventually leading to donations.

The present study was undertaken to investigate the heavy metal decontaminating activity of Salvinia molesta from municipal waste water. The waste water was treated with the plant specimen for five and ten days consecutively after which it was analyzed for the estimation of cadmium (Cd), copper (Cu), iron (Fe), nickel (Ni), lead (Pb) and zinc (Zn) by inductively coupled plasma atomic emission spectroscopy (ICP-AES). The waste water was also analyzed before the treatment. The results of the investigation showed that the non-treated samples indicated higher content of Fe followed by Zn in sample Nitta gelatin (NG). It was found that Cu and Ni were present in similar quantities in all samples. A favorable decrease was seen in Zn in all samples and Fe in sample NG after five days of treatment. The concentration of Cu and Fe were found to be below the detection limit in samples collected from Chalakudy (CH), Ernakulam (ER) and Kokkala (KK) after ten days of treatment. Ni was found to be below the detection limit in samples ER and KK. Zn was found to be at a reduced level in samples CH, ER, KK and NG. Cd and Pb were found to be below the detection limit (0.01 and 0.05 ppm) in all four samples before treatment, after five and ten days of treatment. The present findings revealed that S. molesta was efficient in reducing the heavy metal concentration in the waste water, suggesting being a bioaccumulator of these metals.

The aim is to determine the effect of two dietary drinks Coca Cola and Tropicana orange juice on the surface hardness of two aesthetic nanocomposite materials. Materials and methods: The materials included nanocomposite materials Shofu Beautifil II and Estelite α- supranano composite. A sample size of 120 specimens of 5.5mm × 3 mm in dimension of each restorative material was prepared . The discs were divided into 2 groups of 60 specimens each and each subgroup of 20 samples each .The discs were immersed in different beverages in time intervals of 1 hour,1 day and 1week . Surface hardness tests were performed before immersion and at time intervals of 1 hour,1 day and 1 week intervals. Statistical analysis used was one way ANOVA. Results: Exposure to Coca Cola and Tropicana orange juice reduced the hardness of both the nanocomposites with Coca Cola showing greater reduction in hardness between the two with p<0.05. Shofu Beautifil II showed greater reduction in hardness than Estelite α-supranano at all time intervals. Conclusion: Estelite α-supranano showed better results compared to Shofu Beautifil II .Clinicians should therefore judiciously decide which material will be better for patients taking into consideration their dietary habits and lifestyle.

Biochemical responses of Red Sokoto bucks experimentally infected with Trypanosomes were studied. Twenty four bucks were divided into 4 groups of 6 animals each (I, II, III, and IV). Group 1 served as the uninfected control group, Group II and III were inoculated with 2 ml of 1 x106 Trypanosoma brucei and T. congolense respectively while Group IV were inoculated with 2 ml of 1x106 parasites each of T. congolense and T. brucei. The bucks in all the infected groups were treated on day 14 post patency with Isometamidium Chloride (2%) at the dose rate of 0.5 mg/kg IM. Serum enzymes (Aspartate amino transferase, Alanine amino transferase, Alanine amino phosphate) were all elevated. Urea and potassium levels were increased, while the levels of Na+, Cl- and HCO3 were decreased. The elevated biochemical parameters were more pronounced during the infection and relapse phases in the entire infected group. This study concludes that during trypanosome infection phases, serum enzyme; urea and potassium were elevated while Na+, Cl- and HCO3 ions were decreased.