The objective of the study was to evaluate the bacteria extruded apically during root canal preparation using hand and two rotary instrumentation techniques. The method include eighty freshly extracted mandibular premolars were mounted in bacteria collection apparatus. Root canals were contaminated with the pure culture of Enterococcus faecalis (ATCC 29212) and dried at 37 0c for 24 hour. Then teeth were equally divided into three experimental groups and one control group of 20 each. In group I teeth were instrumented with the hand stainless steel k files in group 2 instrumentation with rotary protaper universal in group 3-instrumentation with rotary protaper next and in group 4-No instrumentation is carried out.Then bacteria extruded were collected ,incubated in brain heart infusion broth for 24 hour at 37 0c and the colony forming units were counted.The result showed that all hand and rotary instrumentation technique extruded debris.Among all the instrumentation technique hand file extruded more number of debris and protaper next least number of bacteria.

Insurance sector globally has tremendous opportunities for growth due to improved awareness and literacy among masses and it occupies an important place in the complex modern world. To cover the risk factor life insurance sector is the biggest in the world with about 360 million policies which are expected to increase at a Compound Annual Growth Rate (CAGR) of 12-15 per cent over the next five years. The insurance industry plans to hike penetration levels to five per cent by 2020.. The present paper is an attempt to analyse the growth of insurance sector in India and initiatives taken by IRDA for promoting consumer education.

Abstract: The state of mind and mental health makes a huge difference to our overall well-being. Mobile phone usage is alarmingly increasing especially in the younger generation. The younger generation especially is glued to their cell phones and is supposedly a form of addiction according to some studies. There is an integration of machine- man and a growing concern about health as individuals are exposed to electromagnetic field (EMF) emitted by cell-phones. The radio-frequency radiation emitted by cell-phones as placed near to ear has effect on functional changes in the brain and affects cognition and mental well-being. The real concern is about the effect of these radiations on mental health and cognition of students.

Bladder outlet obstruction is a recognized urological condition especially in aging males who may have prostate enlargements from benign or malignant lesions or when infra-vesical obstruction is due to urethral stricture in relatively younger subjects. Ultrasound scan is an integral tool in confirming suspected pathologies and also revealing incidental findings which could be life-threatening in some and of no effect in others. We retrospectively studied 156 patients who presented for follow up in the urology clinic with abdomino-pelvic ultrasound scan results. The mean age of the patients was 65.10(35-91) years. They were all males. Urinary bladder abnormalities consisted of increased bladder wall thickness (BWT) in 90(87.4%) patients, post void residual volume (PVRV) was abnormal in 31 (68.9%) patients and bladder stone was seen in 6 (3.8%) patients. The prostate gland was also evaluated with abnormal findings as follows: Prostate volume in 143(92.3%) patients, prostate outline was irregular in 50(32.1%) patients, the later finding showed a statistically significant association with the diagnosis of prostate cancer. Seminal vesicles were dilated bilaterally in 10(62.5%) out of 156 patients. The upper tract abnormalities were also noted and discussed. Abdomino¬-pelvic ultrasound scan just like trans-rectal ultrasound scan is very useful in assessing patients suspected of bladder outlet obstruction (BOO) with the added advantage of being able to visualize the upper tracts with the same probe. It is quite safe, quick, affordable and without risk of contrast allergy and radiation exposure

When assessing the outcomes of dental treatment, it is important to consider the clinicians as well as the patients’ point of view. The dentist must attempt to restore, most often elderly patient with mental/physical and/or financial difficulties, to an acceptable level of esthetics and function. The purpose of the study was to evaluate the development of oral health-related quality of life (OHRQoL) in patients with modified complete dentures and the association between OHRQoL and overall patient satisfaction.The study population consisted of 30 patients with severely resorbed ridges, who wore modified complete dentures fabricated within a span of 1-3 years and were recalled for follow-up.The modifications were done in the impression techniques, jaw relations, teeth arrangement, fabrication of the complete dentures; according to the clinical condition of the patients.Patients were requested to complete a questionnaire that was designed to show a semi quantitative degree of satisfaction with their dentures(subjective evaluation).The oral condition and denture quality was assessed clinically by an experienced clinician (objective evaluation). After evaluating the questionnaires, the improvement in the quality of life of the patients, including mastication, esthetics etc; from the patients’ perspective as well as the clinician’s perspective was judged.Statistical analyses were carried out and correlations assessed using the Pearson chi-square test. A significant impact was noted on chewing , fit and comfort of the mandibular denture(p<0.01) as well as patient’s overall satisfaction with the modified dentures (p<0.05). However, no significant results were found while analysing the fit and comfort of the maxillary denture, speech and esthetics of the dentures (p>0.05). The analyses of these results provide evidence for improved quality of life of patients with modified complete dentures.Significant improvements were recorded in almost all domains.

This study was designed to find out the pattern of blood pressure distribution among members of staff in Adekunle Ajasin University Akungba Akoko (AAUA), Ondo State, Nigeria. A cross sectional descriptive survey research design was adopted for the study and 500 respondents sampled using population proportional to size was used. Two instruments were used for data collection. A digital sphygmomanometer and a self constructed questionnaire designed and built around the research questions. It was validated by three experts in Health Education and it has a reliability coefficient of 0.85. Data was analyzed with SPSS version 20 using simple percentages, bar graph, mean of scores and hypotheses were tested with t-test at 0.05 level of significance. Findings revealed that: 5.8% of the study population have their blood pressure above 140/90mmhg; age has significant influence on pattern of blood pressure distribution; sex; religion; nature of work; family type and length of service have no significant influence on the pattern of blood pressure distribution among members of staff in AAUA. It was recommended that stress should be reduced in the work place to avoid raised blood pressure; the working environment should be made healthy so as to enhance the growth and sustenance of positive emotion and members of staff should be encouraged to visit the university health centre on routine basis for checkups

Abstract: The roles of the human resource department are cross cutting and hence affect every sphere of an organization. In order for the department to develop, maintain, ensure compliance and contribute to the development of corporate HR policies; it has to be supported. This should be on areas of developing, refining and fine-tuning effective methods in selection of employees and ensuring that the organization has the right people with the desired level of competencies on board. It also has to be embraced and supported by the top management. This should be done at both strategic as well as at operational levels in both corporate and human resource planning where in conjunction with line managers action plans can be developed to help meet present and future needs of an organization.

The present investigation highlights the free radical scavenging activity of Melochia corchorifolia, Sida acuta and Saccharum officinarum leaf extracts and their Phenolic contents by determining DPPH, Nitric oxide, Hydroxyl and Hydrogen peroxide scavenging activity. The shade dried leaves were coarsely powdered and subjected to fractional extraction by using chloroform and ethanol. The extracts were subjected to in-vitro antioxidant activity by various antioxidant assays. The antioxidant activities were compared with that of standard Gallic acid from the results obtained, it was suggested that the Phenolic contents of these leaves exhibit strong free radical scavenging activity in all the tested methods and shows maximum scavenging of DPPH, Nitric oxide, hydroxyl and hydrogen peroxide at 100µg/ml concentration compared to chloroform and ethanol extract of leaves. The phytochemical screening of Melochia corchorifolia, Sida acuta and Saccharum officinarum leaf extracts constitutes flavonoids and tannins and the antioxidant activities may be due to the presence of these phenolic compounds

Periodontal disease results in attachment loss and damage to the supporting alveolar bone leading to tooth mobility. In majority of cases, the mandibular incisors are the teeth showing the first signs of mobility. The clinical management of periodontally involved teeth remains a challenge to the clinician. Splinting may be indicated for individual mobile tooth as well as for the entire dentition. The main objectives of splinting include decreasing patient discomfort, increasing occlusal and masticatory function, enhancing esthetics and improving the periodontal prognosis of mobile teeth. Fiber-reinforced composites provide one of the better alternatives for splinting of teeth. This clinical report describes a technique of splinting of periodontally involved mandibular anterior teeth using glass fiber-reinforced composite resin with a follow-up period of five years.

To establish a method for determination of contents of schizandrol A，deoxyschisandrin and schisandrin B in Schisandra chinensis ( Turcz. )Baill.. An RP-HPLC method was developed. A Kromasil C18 column (250 mm×4.6 mm, 5 μm) was used, with the mobile phase of acetonitrile-water by gradient elution, the flow rate was 1.0 mL·min-1and the UV absorbance was monitored at 218 nm. The linear range of schizandrol A,deoxyschisandrin,schisandrin B were 19.92~398.4 μg·mL-1, 6.24~124.8 μg·mL-1, 12.5~ 250 μg·mL-1, the mean recovery were 99.5%, 98.6%, 98.5%;. The method is suitable for the quality control of Schisandra chinensis ( Turcz. )Baill

The sale of foods on the street is a common aspect of lifestyle in many countries and very prominent in Ghana. The street food trade has evolved into a large food sector that provides a means of income for the vendors and reasonably priced food to millions of people from all walks of life. However, the hygienic aspects of vending operations are a major source of concern for food control officers. As a result of this, there is the need to determine the food safety knowledge and practices of these street vendors so that the safety of such food can be guaranteed. This research was therefore carried out to assess the food safety knowledge and practices of street food vendors in Takoradi. The respondents were 10% male and 90% female. The result indicated that the street food vendors had fair knowledge of food safety practices but a large portion (70%) of them had no medical clearance certificate. The health and personal hygiene knowledge in this survey showed that majority of the vendors do not have any knowledge on health and personal hygiene. It is therefore recommended that a policy should be put in place to periodically educate food handlers especially vendors because food safety education should not only be triggered by evidences of visible dirt or unpleasant body odour.

Tiatr, which has a history of more than 100 years, is a type of musical theatre popular in the state of Goa on the West coast of India as well as in Mumbai and with expatriate communities in the Middle East, London and other cities where Konkani speakers have a considerable presence. The dramas are performed mainly in the Roman Konkani dialects and include music, dancing and singing. Tiatr today revolves around social, religious and political themes. It is considered to be a mirror of Goan culture. The first original tiatr script was written and directed by JoãoAgostinhoFernandes, entitled “Belle de Cavel” or “SundoriCavelchi” in 1895 in Bombay and for all his consistent devotion and encouragement over fifty years, he was conferred the title “PaiTiatrist” (Father Tiatrist).Tiatr as a form of entrepreneurship has created direct as well as indirect employment for many artists as well as back stage support staff. Some families are fully dependent on this form of entrepreneurship for their livelihood. The economy of the state to a large extent is supported by this form of entertainment. Realizing its importance in the Goan economy, the government of Goa has devised various schemes financial as well as non-financial for the development of tiatr. However, it still needs the attention of policy makers as it has bright prospects, Goa being a tourist destination. The article tried to find out over a period of time how this form of entertainment evolved based on secondary data and through personal interaction with the producers of Tiatr.

The world-wide explosion of overweight people has been called an epidemic. In this climate of concern over the increasing prevalence of overweight conditions in our society, we focus on the possible role of oral bacteria as a potential direct contributor to obesity and this study designed for comparison of Enterococcus faecalis pollution amount in saliva of people with obesity and normal weight. In this study saliva of 90 patient was collected with body mass index between 18.5 and 25 for normal weight people and over 30 for obesity people, and were measured bacterial populations of their saliva. The data were analyzed by descriptive-statistically and chi-square test. In this study, 59 people of 90 investigated people had obesity and 31 people were in normal weight. The number of enterococci in the saliva of people with normal weight and obesity were mostly low. Analysis of data suggests that the composition of salivary bacteria changes in people with normal and overweight overweight people but this change is not significant statistically. Finally, we can conclude.

This article aimed to study the performance of rice production in a case study of Y Yen district, Namdinh province in the Red river delta and suggest some recommendation to improve the performance of rice production in the study site. The paper is based on the semi-structure, standard questionnaires and PRA methods to collect data from 48 representative rice producers. The results showed that average land area of rice production was low at 0.27 ha per household, but rice productivity was rather high as 5.34 tons per ha in Spring crop. The average revenue was 34.79 million VND, value added was 17.5 million VND. The production cost was too high, at 29.06 million VND, occupied 83.5% total revenue, which led to the low net income of the household at only 5.7 million VND per ha, accounted for only 16.5% of revenue. Counted on a hectare, hired labor cost took part 29% of total cost, proportion for the material equipment was 26.7%. Fertilizers and pesticide cost accounted for 28.7%, of which, 20% belonged to NPK. Some suggestion to improve the benefit for farmers were: reducing the production cost by using optimal fertilizers, pesticide; good material and equipment management; and applying technology and machine in rice production.

Gnetum africanum, a common soup vegetable in Nigeria is also been used in the treatment of enlarged spleen, sore throats, deduction of pains of child-birth, antidotes to some forms of poison and snake bite. This study is to ascertain phytochemicals and minerals present in the leaves of Gnetum africanum in addition to in vitro antioxidant activities using standard procedures. The result of the phytochemicals present revealed the presence of flavonoids, saponins, tannins, alkaloids while the minerals present in mg/100g includes: calcium (423.20), magnesium (112.81), phosphate (83.44), zinc (2.53), sodium (37.82), potassium (86.10), copper (1.00), Iron (11.67) and chromium (0.52). In vitro antioxidant activities using reducing power activity and DPPH radical scavenging assays showed that as concentration of Gnetum africanum increases from 0.2mg/ml to 1.0mg/ml, reducing power ability and radical scavenging activity also increases. In conclusion, the presence of bioactive agents such as flavonoids as well as radical scavenging ability of Gnetum africanum gives credence to its usage in herbal medicine for treatment of various ailments.