Search and creation new biologically active compounds which exhibit diuretic action is an current task of the modern Medical Chemistry. In order to identify diuretic activity a series of 5-substituted of 1,3,4-thiadiazole have been investigated. As index of urinary intensity the amount of urine was considered allocated by animals for 2 hours in terms of 100 g of body weight. In determining the diuretic action, a hydrochlorothiazide was selected as a comparative preparation. Screening research which have been conducted together with the study of the effect on the excretory renal function showed that the synthesized compounds exhibit diuretic activity, competing with the comparison standard. The comparative analysis of the biological action of 5-substituted of 1,3,4-thiadiazole and the preparation "Hydrochlorothiazide" showed that the most active among these compounds are derivatives with code 1.1 and 2.2, which significantly exceed the diuretic effect of the reference medicine. The prospectivity and feasibility of further targeted synthesis of this class of substances has shown to create more effective and safe medicines with diuretic action

The aim of this study is to compare the efficiency of radiopaque dye, decalcification, and histological sectioning in detection of accessory canals in mandibular 1st molars. 30 Extracted mandibular 1st molars were selected. The teeth selected for the study were stored in normal saline. Endodontic access openings were made using a round bur and pulp tissue was removed from the pulp chamber using a standard spoon excavator. Root canal contents were extirpated using barbed broach. Complete debridement of root canals was done using files No. 8 to 25, with copious irrigation using 3% sodium hypochlorite. The teeth were placed in separate bottles containing normal saline and were labeled. Three different methods were used to study the accessory canals, viz, Radiopaque dye, decalcification, and histologic sectioning. According to this study, The incidence of lateral and accessory canals for the mandibular first molar is 46.6%. Results showed that Histological sectioning was significantly ( P = 0.048) better than dye method , but the difference between the Histological sectioning and decalcification was not significant.

This is a conceptual review (content analysis) of the effect of foreign direct investment as a catalyst for sustainable economic development in Nigeria. The major objective is a comparative analysis of 87 developing countries with the capacity to attract FDI and proffer possible solutions that will catapult Nigeria as a globally acceptable haven for foreign investment. The secondary data were sourced from Investing Across Borders (IAB) 2010 report where 87 developing countries across the globe were assessed using the IAB indicators. The major conclusion drawn from the survey is that Nigeria as a country is yet to maximize its potentials (given available resources and market size) at attracting foreign investment. It also concludes that the process of foreign business establishment/ownership in Nigeria need to be improved upon to encourage high patronage of foreigners in economic activities. This study therefore recommends that Government should make policies that will encourage equity ownership of investments in Nigeria by foreigners. The authorities should put in place machineries that will ensure a transparent and simple business registration and ownership process.

The purpose of this study is to predict the accurate timings for pubertal growth peaks for Class I, Class II - Div 1, Div 2 and Class III. Comparisons are made between the period of the pubertal growth peak in Class I, Class II –Div 1, Div 2 and Class III subjects. This would help the orthodontist in the following ways: 1) For predicting correct treatment time for all malocclusions. 2) For benefiting the patient by guiding the growth modification treatment during the favorable time in a balanced and harmonious manner. 3) To assess skeletal age and pubertal growth spurts are of prime importance in orthodontics and dentofacial orthopedics, for diagnosis, treatment planning, and retention. This study has used the Cervical Vertebral Maturation (CVM) technique for the finding of the peak in growth of mandible, based on the scrutinizing and analysising of the second through fourth cervical vertebrae in a single cephalogram. The lateral cephalograms of orthodontically untreated or new subjects/ patients, ages 8 through 18 years, were studied. The CVM stage on each radiograph was assessed and evaluated according to the Baccetti et al method. Skeletal relationship was evaluated by Steiner’s analysis (By Steiner's analysis: ANB (A point, Nasion, B point) shows whether the relationship amongst the maxilla and mandible is normal (skeletal class I relationship (+ 2 degrees), a skeletal Class II (+4 degrees or more), or skeletal Class III (0 or negative). The Duration of pubertal peak in Class I was 5 months longer than class II patients and 6 months shorter than class III patients. The pubertal peak for Class I subjects lasted 1 year 4 months (in agreement with previous indications of the literature) whereas in subjects with Class II div 1& div 2 malocclusion it lasted for a shorter period (11 months) and Class III malocclusion it persisted for a longer period (1 year 10 months).

Empowering the economically disadvantaged is to enable businesses and society's independence. Transmigration is a model of population distribution in addition to an effort to improve the welfare of the economically disadvantaged agricultural sector. The purpose of this study was to examine the transmigration program of empowerment the economically disadvantaged in the village of Seven Island, Villages and Village Mampun Rasau District of West Pamenang Merangin district. The focus of this research is the income of migrants oil palm farmers in the village of Seven Island, Villages and Countryside Mampun Rasau Pamenang districts of West County Merangin. The method used in this study were interviews, observation and discussions with migrants oil palm farmers in the village. The results showed that the level of income tansmigran oil palm farmers in the village of Island of the Seven, village atmospheres and Rasau village district subdistrict West Pamenang Merangin above-average per capita income of the Indonesian population, thus an increase in the welfare of the migrants palm farmers in three villages.

Abstract: Organizational culture is conceptualized as shared beliefs and values within the organization that helps to shape the behavior patterns of employees. It is the drive that recognizes the efforts and contributions of the organizational members and provides comprehensive understanding of what and how is to be achieved, how goals are interrelated, and how each employee could attain goals. It is a collective process of the mind that differentiates the members of one group from another. Organisational culture is gaining support as a predictive and explanatory construct in organisational science because if it managed and controlled shall be useful as a management tool for organisational effectiveness and performance. The present study examines the impact of organizational culture on employees’ performance in selected Indian automobile companies. Data has been collected through questionnaires designed on a five point Likert scale. Multiple regressions have been used as the statistical tool for analysis of data. The study revealed that there is significant impact of organizational culture on employee performance in selected companies.

In this paper the optimal solution for linear programming is derived where some parameters are fuzzy in numbers. In practice, there are many problems arise if the decision parameters are crisp in nature, and such problems are usually solved by introducing either probabilistic programming or multi objective programming methods. Unfortunately all these methods have shortcomings. In this note, the concept of fuzzy numbers is introduced, which is a very effective method for solving these problems. With the problem assumptions, the optimal solution can still be theoretically solved using the simplex based method. Fuzzy decision variables can be initially generated and then solved and improved sequentially using the fuzzy decision approach by introducing robust ranking technique. The proposed procedure was programmed through MATLAB (R2009a) version software for representing four dimensional slice diagrams to its application. The model is illustrated with an application which incorporates all concepts of a fuzzy arithmetic approach to draw managerial insights.

There is uncertainty as to the comparative prognostic value between cardiac troponin I (cTnI) and CK-MB in acute coronary syndrome (ACS). The objective is to compare the prognostic value between cTnI and CK-MB mass in patients with ACS without ST-segment elevation. Total 127 patients were analyzed in a prospective way in a tertiary cardiology center. Combinations of biomarkers were examined: normal cTnI, normal CK-MB mass (65.5%), normal cTnI, elevated CK-MB mass (3.9%), elevated cTnI, normal CK-MB mass (8.8%), elevated cTnI, elevated CK-MB mass (20.7%). A multivariate analysis of clinical, electrocardiographic and laboratory variables determined the independent prognostic value of biomarkers for the event of death or (re)infarction within 30 days. Patients with at least one elevated biomarker were older (p = 0.02) and males (p < 0.001). The previous use of aspirin (p = 0.001), betablockers (p = 0.003) or statin (p = 0.013) was most frequent among those without elevated cTnI. Patients with both biomarkers elevated had more ST-segment depression (p < 0.001) or elevated creatinine (p < 0.001). In a multivariate analysis with the inclusion of cTnI, the CK-MB mass was not an independent variable for the event of death or (re) infarction within 30 days (odds ratio [OR] 1.16, p = 0.71). When cTnI was not included, we had the following values: age (OR 1.07; p < 0.001); male (OR 1.09; p = 0.77); diabetes mellitus (OR 1.95; p = 0.02); previous stroke (OR 3.21; p =0.008); creatinine level (OR 1.63; p = 0.002); CK-MB mass (OR 1.96; p = 0.03). C-statistic 0.77 (p < 0.001). With a dose of cTnI, CK-MB mass may be dispensable for prognostic evaluation. If cTnI is unavailable, CK- MB mass is acceptable for making a decision on treatment options.

Percutaneous tracheostomy (PCT) has rapidly emerged in recent years; it is proven to be safe and less time-consuming when compared to surgical technique. In critical care settings, the use of PCT has been widely accepted and some authors consider it the gold standard method. Although PCT is relatively a safe procedure, it still can be associated with some serious complications. Massive percutaneous emphysema is a rare complication of PCT, which might be life-threatening. We report a patient with Guillian-Barre syndrome (GBS), who was admitted to an intensive care unit and required prolonged ventilation. Bedside PCT was performed and ended with the development of an immediate diffuse massive surgical emphysema and desaturation, followed by cardiac arrest regardless of the treatment measures

Abstract: There has been increasing drug and alcohol abuse in Kenya with the associated adverse consequences. As a result, there has been increase in the establishment of treatment and rehabilitation services and demand for the same to assist abusers in recovery and avoid relapse. However, despite the availability and demand of these services, there has also been a simultaneous increase in the relapse cases. This casts doubt on the effectiveness of the existing treatment and rehabilitation services in meeting the ever-increasing number of admitted cases. This study sought to establish the preparedness of alcoholic in coping with the risks that predispose one to relapse assess the effectiveness of treatment and rehabilitation services in addressing alcohol relapse in selected centers in Nairobi, Kenya. This study adopted ex post facto research design. The target population was all the relapse cases in the 14 rehabilitation centers registered by NACADA in Nairobi. A random sample of 109 alcoholics and 8 counselors drawn from 4 purposively selected rehabilitation centers were involved in the study. Data was collected through administration of two sets of self-structured questionnaires to the selected respondents. The questionnaires were piloted to validate and test its reliability before the actual data collection. The data was then processed and analyzed using descriptive statistics including frequencies and percentages with the aid of Statistical Package for Social Sciences (SPSS) version 22.0 for Windows. The results of study have shown that relapse was influenced by the interaction of past-risks within the individual and environmental situations and level of preparedness to cope with these past-risks to resist drinking.

Abstract: The brewing industry in Nigeria appears characterised by a lot of rivalry in its struggle for dominance. In a bid to gain and retain their market share, the firms have adopted product innovation as a strategy. Unfortunately many of the new products seem not to survive long in the market. This study therefore, examined the relationship between organizational culture and innovation in selected breweries in South-East Nigeria. Specifically, it explored the nature of relationship between market culture and product innovation. Survey research design was adopted. Data were collected through questionnaire and hypothesis was tested using Pearson’s Product Moment Correlation Coefficient. The study revealed that there was a significant positive relationship between market culture and product innovation. Therefore, it is recommended that breweries in Southeast, Nigeria, should develop a market culture that focuses more on research and development so as to manufacture innovative products which will survive beyond the introductory stage, withstand competition and satisfy customers taste.

Abstract: Leadership in an organization is like a cornerstone in a storey building in that the leader gives the direction and guidance towards achievement of the set goals. Most of the organizations do have the drafts, but how the leader decides in terms of priority and resource allocation determines the overall outcome. Thus, a visionary leader in any organization is a tree seedling that needs to be nurtured. This paper explores the influence of strategic leadership on organizational performance in selected banks within Nakuru Sub County. The study used primary data obtained from the respondents and secondary data from the journals, books and other print media. The study employed a descriptive survey design. Structured questionnaire to collect data where both closed and open-ended questions were used to get the opinions of the respondents. There was 84% response rate and only 16% non-responses. The data collected was first coded and the opinions of the respondents analyzed by use of statistical package for social sciences (SPSS). Pearson correlation and Chi-square tests were used to estimate the relationship between the strategic leadership and the organization performances. The data was later presented in tabular form and charts for easier interpretation. It was hoped that the findings of the study would clearly show the importance of developing strategic leaders that will create a viable future for the organization.

The paper demolishes an old myth which the Soviet Union created after 1945. The myth is associated with the victory of USSR against Germany and its allies in Europe during the Second World War. According to the Soviet Union, the “Great Patriotic War” of 1941-1945, was won because of Stalin leadership and due to the efficient economic industrial mobilization which the Communist GOSPLAN Central Economic Committee imposed on the economy. The Soviet era argument compares the victory of 1945 with the defeat of capitalist Russia in 1917, and claims that the communist organization of the war economy has been very successful compared to the poor organization of capitalist Russia of 1914-1917 period. The reality is different. The USSR was both heavier industrialized and armed compared to the Empire of the Czar in 1914. However the USSR suffered more defeats, human and material losses as well as catastrophes compared to those of the Russian Empire. And these developments occurred as the country enjoyed greater military and economic aid from the US and Great Britain compared to what was granted to Czarist Russia during 1914- 1917. The biggest paradox however is associated with the post-war settlements. The humiliating defeat which the Czarist Empire suffered in World War I -and was sealed with the Treaty of Brest Litovsk signed by Lenin- was never implemented since the Western Allies with the victory of 1918 simply abolished the Treaty. Thus the defeat of 1917 practically did not have a negative outcome. The 1945 victory generated the huge expansion of Soviet sphere of power in Eastern Europe but the cost of victory was so high that the final outcome can be considered as a pyrrhic victory.

The Congolese education system has long remained on the margins of entrepreneurship training. Yet some branches of study are beginning to grasp the importance of this subject and are already valuing this data in order to integrate it sufficiently into their curricula. How the social sciences, whose vocation is to study and apprehend various relations created in society, handle this new data? This reflection attempts to answer this question. A comprehensive analysis of the courses offered in this faculty has helped to descry between entrepreneurial teachings and other types of teaching. The approach was based on a simple assumption that any teaching whose purpose is to prepare and develop entrepreneurial attitudes and aptitudes is entrepreneurial. Thus, although the department of political and administrative sciences is one step ahead of the other departments, on the whole, this faculty has, on the contrary, devalued this teaching by cutting off some important courses in this field.

The right to education is a fundamental right enshrined in the most important legal documents and international conventions. Nevertheless in countries with ethnic and linguistic divisions, the right to education is not guaranteed to all and often it is required a genuine implementation of policies in order to achieve inclusiveness and full realization of this right. In this paper I will analyze how this right is implemented when it comes to national minorities in the case of FYR of Macedonia. In the first part of this paper I will compare the educational system before and after the Ohrid Agreement, to find the root causes of the segregation of pupils with different ethnic background in Macedonian schools today. This phenomena lead to the necessity of a new approach when it comes to education in divided societies: that of inclusive education. The last chapter will discuss specific policy suggestions in order to overcome barriers to the inclusiveness in education. In this paper I will mainly use secondary sources such as reports and studies published by international and regional organizations. Primary sources will be also consulted such as the Macedonian legislation on the educational sector from 1991.