A newer treatment modality for correction of anterior cross bite with use of acrylic occlusal splint with Z spring has been used, which is easy to fabricate, easy to use and require least patient cooperation. This article describes two cases treated with this appliance in mixed dentition and duration of the treatment noted in these patients.

Abstract: Managing public sector projects is a challenge because of the ethical issues involved during the project procurement process which may ultimately impact the quality, cost and time of the project itself. This review sought to assess the influence of accountability and transparency on ethical decision making in project procurement. A descriptive cross-sectional survey design was used. Population for this study comprised of project managers and internal and external stakeholders. Content analysis and thematic analysis of collected data was conducted. The study established that Disregard to existing systems and procedures compounded by inadequate transparency and accountability mechanisms means that progress in many public projects did not translate into better outcomes. The enhancement of transparency and accountability in contract awarding mechanisms as well as fair and adequate regulations may contribute to the efficiency of tendering practices.

In spite of the twenty-first century being an era of information and communication which make accessing authentic texts easier, it is very unfortunate that there still exist many misconceptions regarding Islam. One of such misconception is the issue of terrorism. Naturally, any misconception has roots somewhere and when it comes to modern day terrorism linked with Islam, it is an ideological group historically known as Kharijites who caused serious confusion among Muslims and between Non-Muslims. This paper examines the creeds and principles of the early Khawarij, how they influenced modern day extremist groups like the Boko Haram in Nigeria and why they have deviated from traditional mainstream Islam. Islam is a religion ordained by Allah which has been erroneously aligned with terrorism and numerous conflicts around the globe since the September 11, 2001 attacks in the USA. While Islam does not encourage these actions, there exists movements within the Muslim community which use forcefulness as a means of political expression similar to the early extremist Khawarij sect who abused the concept of takfir. The new brand of Khawarij and their likes the Boko Haram in Nigeria seem to have adopted the main tenets of the Khawarij creed and as a result, carrying out acts of violence under the guise of Islamic jihad. The paper suggests that there is the need for further study on the ideological roots of these groups, their actions, and how society proffer solutions to combat their ideas before they degenerate into terrorist actions.

Abstract: Banks are important in the economy because they provide the security to the savings of customers, control the supply of money and credit and encourage public confidence in the working of the financial system. The current study sought to establish the influence of macroeconomic factors on bank performance. This study adopted the descriptive survey research design. The 44 commercial banks registered by central bank participated in the study. The study utilized secondary data which was sourced from CBK annual bank supervision reports over a 10-year period between 2006 and 2015. Descriptive statistics were used to organize the data while regression analysis was also be conducted to establish the relationships between variables in the study. The study found that macroeconomic factors have a strong positive correlation with bank performance. Exchange rates were significant. The study concludes that macroeconomic factors as a whole are important to bank performance. The study recommended that banks should enhance their risk management practices to shield them from grave exchanger rate exposure. This can be achieved through keen monitoring of fluctuations. Keywords: Macroeconomic factors, bank performance, exchange rates, interest rates

This paper explores and characterizes the relationships between human development and education using critical literature review to engage the strands of argument for basic social justice and quality of life at the crossroads of economics, ethics and politics. The oversold conventional approach to development as an income line, people as a means and markets as a focus of concern has long lost its shine on account of the rise of the Human Development Paradigm which accords education a fundamental role in equipping people with competencies and capabilities to enlarge their choices and enhance their well-being. Accordingly, education offers a new language of hope and possibility about what people can actually acquire overtime to choose their kind of life they value; brings into its orbit social justice and equity by training people not just as an economic enterprise but as an attribute of power relations in the structure of any society; and measures learner evaluation not just in terms of literacy tests but people‟s ability to express their views. As education constitutes both a foundation and a vehicle for building and extending people‟s capabilities, the risk is great that the manner in which it is organised and transacted could always be politically manipulated by the elite and economically deployed as a means to produce an under-class. This paper, therefore, tempers optimism with realism and notes that any given education system is a manifestation of the society that embraces it. Notwithstanding this proclivity, the human development paradigm provides the best chance yet for a life people have reason to value because it offers an ethical-political guide to the imperative of social change and economic growth, using education as a compass; and disproving pay as an exact index of merit.

Abstract: Boosting the micro enterprises (MEs) sector of the economy has featured consistently in the agenda of successive policy makers in Nigeria in recent times. In line with this concern, development planners have gone ahead to identify a key factor to achieving the desired results - steady supply of public electricity. This is because MEs in Nigeria depend very much on public electricity to function. Unfortunately, public electricity supply in Nigeria currently is below capacity, meeting neither the demands of the Nigerian public nor those of organizations including MEs. Using the Social Disorganization Approach of the Functionalist Theory, this study analyzes the challenge of fluctuation in public supply of electricity and examined its impact on the sustainability of MEs in the Southern Senatorial District Cross River State, Nigeria. With the help of the questionnaire, data for the study were generated from 340 operators of MEs in the study area. Using percentages, responses to questionnaires items were analyzed while the Z statistical technique was utilized to test the hypothesis of the study. Results unveiled among other issues that fluctuation in public supply of electricity has a significant negative impact on the profit margin, and consequently, the growth and sustainability of micro enterprises the Southern Senatorial District of Cross River State, Nigeria.

Many generalized families of distributions have been proposed and studied over the last two decades for modeling data in many applied areas. In this paper, depending on the idea of Bourguignon et al., a new family of weighted exponential distribution named as weighted exponential family of probability distributions has been proposed and studied which based on using weighted exponential generator. In addition, weighted exponential - uniform and weighted exponential - Kumaraswamy distributions have been provide as two examples for this new family.

Abstract: This study was conducted in Nkanga Modiri Molema District Municipalities of North West Province of South Africa. The objective of the study was to determine the implication of climate change on livelihood (Household Food security) and determinants among the small and emerging small-scale maize farmers in the province. A total number of 346 questionnaires were administered to the farmers in the district using stratified random sampling technique. Data were captured and analyzed using the Statistical Package for Social Sciences (SPSS) version 23 and household food insecurity access scale (HFIAS) was employed to categories the food insecurity level. Descriptive analysis was first used to define the data followed by correlation matrix to reveal the variables that are relevant which were used in Binary Logistic regression analysis. However, the results of the analysis expounded some variables that are determinants to the impact of climate change on food security. Furthermore, the HFIAS findings elucidated that about 28.0% are mildly food insecured, 34% are moderately food insecured, while 21% are severely food insecured. It was recommended that the determinants factors such as the source of income, type of farm, land acquired, source of climate change information, the channel of information received on climate change, support received on climate change should be given more attention and addressed. Climate-smart agriculture, as well as conservative agriculture, should be introduced and improved where it has been practiced in the study area.

Himachal Pradesh experience diverse climatic condition due to wide variation in altitude ranging from 350 m in the southern tract to over 6500 m in the main Himalaya and in the area lying in it6. National highway from Parwanoo to Kaurik is very rich in biodiversity as well as forest cover along side. Along the side of this highway have number of dye yielding woody plants which produce different colours. Locally peoples use these plants for different purposes. Total 51 species belonging to 39 genera and 30 families have been recorded and identified with scientific name, family name, common name, part used and colour. Rosaceae is found to be dominant with 9 species followed by Leguminosae with 6 species, Berberidaceae having 4 spp., Euphorbiaceae having 3 spp., Anacardiaceae and Vitaceae with 2 species each and rest of family having one species each.

Mutual Fund investments nowadays are the most preferred investment option. Mutual Fund companies in Saudi financial market are the top profitable companies. Investors usually prefer banking financial institutions while investing their savings, since they feel banking financial institutions are more secure and risk-free than their counterpart nonbanking financial institutions. The purpose of this research is to change the customer preferences towards banking and nonbanking institutions which are offering mutual funds in Saudi financial market. The aim of this study is to compare the performance of Saudi equity mutual funds in banking and nonbanking companies listed on Tadawul stock exchange. The sample companies were chosen for this study consist of four banks and four nonbanking finance companies which are listed as mutual fund companies in Tadawul stock exchange. Standard Deviation, Beta and Sharpe performance measure has been applied in order to measure the performance of Saudi Equity Mutual fund finally one way ANOVA statistical tool is applied to compare the performance of banking and nonbanking companies.

This research is to determine the influence of competency, organizational commitment, and work discipline for teacher’s performance of SMK N 17 Jakarta. The population in this study amounted to 35 people who directly become the sample. The method used in this research is descriptive method, which is problem solving by describing the object of research at current situation based on the fact. It is analyzed by using tool of Statistical Product and Service Solution (SPSS) version 21.0. From this research got result that competency variable, organizational commitment and work discipline have influence positive and significant to the performance of teachers SMKN 17 Jakarta.

Halal culinary tourism is part of tourism. Tourism in recent years has become a very competitive market. One important component of tourism resources is the destination. The most competitive tourist destinations are the most effective in creating sustainable prosperity for the communities around them. Tourism is a strategic industry and has become a great and big industry, tourism contributes great foreign exchange for tourism regime countries. Tourism can provide jobs, income and quality of society, then the community is also increasingly love the culture of the nation, the community will also maintain the environment. Currently Halal tourism which is a new tourist destination. The index covers 130 countries to serve as a benchmark destination in the Muslim Tourist Market. The Global Muslim Travel Index (GMTI) of 2017 creates an index score for each country that is the destination of Islamic travel visits for the member countries of the Organization of Islamic Cooperation (OIC). Indonesia has a 67.5 index score ranked sixth after Qatar, Saudi Arabia, UAE / UAE, Turkey and Malaysia. The Ministry of Tourism of Indonesian Republic (Kemenpar) has so far developed and promoted services business in the field of hotels, restaurants, travel agencies and spas in 12 sharia tourist destinations. The development is carried out in several cities, namely Aceh, West Sumatra, Riau, Lampung, Banten, Jakarta, West Java, Central Java, Yogyakarta, East Java, NTB and South Sulawesi. Banten Province is in position no 5 for the development of Islamic tourism destinations. Tangerang Selatan is one of the cities in Banten province, has high economic growth with high purchasing power and is a self-contained and modern city with complete facilities (BPS Tangerang Selatan 2015). Currently the city of South Tangerang is well known as a culinary tourism city, all of this is a potential owned by the southern city of Tangerang and can attract research as a new city of halal culinary tourism, but to become a new city of halal culinary tourism there are still some problems based on pre survey. The problems in South Tangerang City are interesting to be used as research.

Visceral experience inside the imagery is a new perception of being physically present in a non-physical world by using new technology as Oculus Rift. Virtual simulation at any images and videos for the purpose of taking practical knowledge without being present in that area which provide preoccupy total environment. Oculus Rift is a virtual reality headset, which provides 6 degrees of freedom rotational and positional tracking to give the real test of presence in the imagery sphere. Imagery analysis by using immersive visualization before and after the earthquake is a technique to measure the scale of devastation without being present at any locations. To move inside the Street view, Satellite view and Bird’s view before and after the earthquake with head mounted display makes the exact features of the scale of devastation by using same and different geometry in each eye. By dragging and dropping any objects inside the existing scene and make executive scene which gives the actual features about this object.

The purpose of this study is to find out the implementation of Account Representative (AR) standard competency in Tax Service Office (TSO) of Pratama Palembang. In 2015-2016, the realization of tax revenue in TSO of Pratama Palembang did not reach the target of the national acceptance. Not reaching this target, directly and indirectly related to the role of AR in the implementation of its role as tax service representative. Using qualitative research method with primary data sources in the form of interviews and field observations and secondary data derived from various documents, it was found conclusion that the TSO of Pratama Palembang SeberangUlu had applied AR standards competency in accordance with applicable provisions. However, not in accordance with the achievement of tax revenue target. Each of AR Competence in completing the work was still different, depending on knowledge, skill and attitude.

Good multitudes of Cameroonian cities are characterized by a strong recurrence urban front issuant of combined population surge and industrialization. Douala as a sub-Saharan millionaire city witnessed an accelerated spiral of population increase and spatial sprawl in the wake of uncontrolled development of fronts. The fronts depict dynamic limits of growth of urban perimeters with uncoordinated urban physiognomy. The development of Douala is not homogenous in its planning and infrastructural growth due to improper monitoring of urbanisation process. This paper examines the modus-operandi of front development in the city and explains the gaps that have led to an unproductive dynamics of fronts in Douala. The study aims at mapping existing urban fronts and introducing control strategies to reduce unproductive front development in Douala. Field observations, interviews, on-the-spot appraisals, archival sources and documentary research constituted significant data collection sources. The urban space of Douala was determined from satellite images of two periods while the population increase was treated through the Microsoft excel spreadsheet to obtain results. Results revealed that urban front proliferation in Douala is triggered by a rapid population upsurge representing some 405.87% increase in 40 years with the population moving from 476.000 inhabitants in 1975, to 1.931.977 in 2015. The urban space of Douala increased in 24,251 hectares for the past 44 years passing from 3249 hectares in 1970 to 27500 in 2014. Douala is largely an archetypical urban mismanagement territory of poor planning policies, uncoordinated spatial layout of urban settlement and anarchical occupation of land. Legislation and governance has not succeeded in shaping land ownership and buildings leading to anarchy and unproductive dynamics of the fronts in the city. The paper suggests that a participatory management approach involving the public and private actors be used to implement control and address the anarchy that reigns in Douala.