Chrysophyllum albidum and Irvingia gabonensis have been reported to possess several medicinal values. Most studies on these plants have focused on the fruits rather than the leaves. The present study therefore, evaluated the phytochemical constituents and in vitro antioxidant activity of methanol leaf extracts of Chrysophyllum albidum and Irvingia gabonensis. Photochemical screening was carried on the plant samples using established protocols.The results of the phytochemical screening of both extracts revealed the presence of saponins, flavonoids, alkaloids, steroids and tannins. Terpenoids and cardiac glycosides were below detectable levels in both extracts. Irvingia gabonensis extract showed significantly higher (p<0.05) levels of total phenol, total flavonoid and total tannin than the Chrysophyllum albidum extract. However, there was no significant difference (p>0.05) in the proanthocyanidin content of both plant extracts. Irvingia gabonensis extract had a significantly higher (p<0.05) ferric reducing antioxidant potential (FRAP) value and was a better 1,1–diphenyl–2–picrylhydrazyl (DPPH) radical scavenger than Chrysophyllum albidum extract. The results of the study revealed that extract of Irvingia gabonensis had more phytochemicals and consequently, possessed higher antioxidant activity than Chrysophyllum albidum extract.

Diabetes mellitus is among the major global public health problems and its prevalence is currently increasing at an alarming rate. According to the International Diabetes Federation, about 366 million people are living with diabetes and this figure is projected to increase to 552 million by the year 2030. The study investigated the effect of oral administration of aqueous extract of coconut oil on blood glucose, total protein, kidney function indices, liver function indices, and lipid profile levels in alloxan-induced diabetic rats. The aqueous extract was administered orally at a dose of 400mg/kg body weight to both normal and alloxan-induced diabetic rats. Twenty adult male rats were divided into four groups of five rats each, two groups were made diabetic and the other two groups were non diabetic. One of the diabetic groups was treated with the extract and the other serves as control. The alloxan was administered intraperitoneal at a dose of 120mg/kg per body weight. The administration of the extract lasted for 21 days. Effect of the extract on blood glucose, total protein, albumin, bilirubin, urea, creatinine, total cholesterol, triglyceride, and high density lipoprotein concentrations were analyzed. The toxic effect of the extract was determined using biochemical enzyme markers. Treatment with the extract showed significantly (p<0.05) reduction in elevated blood levels of glucose, cholesterol, and proteins and other biochemical parameters associated with alloxan-induced diabetic rats. The extract possesses no toxic effect as indicated by the lowering of ALP and ALT levels and may be used for the management of diabetes mellitus

Dryland herders traditionally move to the wettest areas including southern Benin in search of pasture and water to ensure the survival of their livestock. The main objective is to characterize the cattle herds in transhumance in the municipality of Djidja in Southern of Benin. Inquiry data has been collected through semi-structured interviews of 61 cattle herds with a total of 4,772 heads. Using the methods of factorial analysis of multiple correspondences (FAMC) and ascending hierarchical classification (AHC), a typology of three types of transhumant cattle herds were established. The cattle herds of type 1 have carried out cross-border transhumance and mostly consist of Hausa (75.7%) from Nigeria. They are led by herdsmen whose average age was 26 ± 5 years. They had a high size (102 ± 33 heads) and taking part in decisions-making with the herds’ managers. The type 2 had in transhumance in the municipality outside of its home area. This was mostly consisting of two to three relatively young Fulani herdsmen (24 ± 4 years) and mostly of herds’ managers. They were not involved in decision-making. These herds had an average size of 80 ± 28 head. The cattle herd of type 3 has been in transhumance in the municipality since more than one year. They are led by young herdsmen (25 ± 3 years) relative to herds’ managers. These herds have led by one or two herdsmen with a low rate of (53 ± 24 heads) with Borgou race in majority. The typology implementation will allow us to analyze the different transhumance management modes in the municipality of Djidja.

The training of the workers in the enterprises allows the development in the skills and knowledge of the employees. As the other Enterprises, the training programs in the petroleum companies got a great importance, which became more cleared through this study. Through the case study on Sonatrach subsidiary employees, and based on selfquestionnaire our paper aims to analyze the training programs contribution in the improvement of the unit productivity level, and on the upgrading of the profitability and efficiency of the workers. Nevertheless, the importance of the training contribution appears undoubtedly in minimizing the lost days caused by the work accidents, which is a huge costs organization must cover Although the luck in decreasing in the rates of this accidents.

Protected areas are increasingly frequented by transhumant cattle herds. This phenomenon has grown in recent decades in West Africa. In order to make a state of play of the use of areas protected by cattle herds, through its history, the causes of their presence and the consequences on natural resources and propose mechanisms for managing transhumance in protected areas, a bibliographical review of scientific work carried out in this direction has been made. It shows that the search for pastoral resources during the drought has been the basis for the entry of transhumant herders into these protected areas. From an ecological point of view, the debate is between those who claim that livestock is in direct competition with wildlife for access to forage resources and those suggesting that livestock and wildlife interact through a complex combination of competition / facilitation depending on the season and abundance of resources. The mode of management of transhumance in West African forests depends on the category of protected areas. Some protected areas have opted for strict management and others for concerted management. This is the case for Park W, which, through the regional project (ECOPAS) has developed a common strategy for the management of transhumance in this protected area. Despite these various proposals, the protected areas of West Africa continue to suffer pastoral pressure. It is then necessary to propose a sustainable management mode which will make it possible to make judicious use of the pastoral resources of these protected areas without compromising their biodiversity.

The main aim of this study was to determine the influence of consumers‟ awareness and attitude toward interest under Islamic law and Shari‟ah. The study used a target population of peoples of Zanzibar which was a majority Muslim by 99 percent. A descriptive design was adopted in this study for data collection. The descriptive design allows the description of the state of affairs as it exists and draws respondents‟ opinions and views on the influence of the consumer awareness toward prohibited of interest in Islam. The study found out that 68.9 percent of the respondents were aware the interest is one of the dangerous weapons to exploit and extort the poor and needy. We recommended that in order achieve certain economic and social goals, central banks have intervened in the determination of the rate of interest and establish of an interest free banking system because the most important portion of the wealth of a country is captured by a few rich peoples through interest.

Maxillofacial injuries of which mandible fractures is a common phenomenon are very common now due to increased traffic, alcoholism and have a significant functional, anatomic and aesthetic impact on facial region. The aim of the study was to study the pattern of mandibular fractures in Kashmiri population. A prospective study was carried out which included 240 patients to study the etiology, gender distribution and type of mandible fracture present in maxillofacial region in a Kashmiri population. The showed that 73.3 % were males and 26.7% were females ,about 62.9% had suffered fracture due to RTA, followed by13.7% due to falls and 17.9% by assault .About 53.7% of patients had mandible fractures, of which 20.9% times it was parasympheseal fractures. The study establishes that mandibular fractures are very common in Kashmir in maxillofacial region due to road traffic accidents.

Performance of employee brings organization’s achievements in the business world where rivalry among the organizations is very common. In this connection, the academicians and practitioners do struggle to reach a conclusion about the determinants of employee performance. As a result, the study endeavors to develop a structural equation model with the help of PLS technique in determining the relationship among employee relations with supervisor, employee engagement, and employee performance in the context of developing country. The opinions of 392 employees have been collected through survey method who works in the ready-made garment industry in Bangladesh. The findings of the study revealed that employee relations with supervisor have influence on employee performance and employee engagement; and employee engagement mediates employee relations and employee performance relationship. Therefore, the model is expected to be used in the developing context as a method for increasing employee performance.

This study aimed to determine the level of transformational leadership practices by school principals in the national secondary schools in the state of Pulau Pinang, Malaysia. The four dimensions of transformational leadership studied were vision identification, modeling, goal acceptance and individual support. The study also looks at the level of organizational health as well as the relationship with the practice of transformational leadership by the national secondary school principals’. The respondents consisted of 226 teachers employed in 16 national secondary schools in the state of Pulau Pinang, Malaysia. The data obtained was analyzed using SPSS version 20.0. Descriptive analysis and inferential analysis were used to analyze the influence of the relationship. The study found that school culture functions as a moderator in the relationship between the transformational leadership style of school principals’ and the organizational health of the secondary school teachers’ in the state of Pulau Pinang, Malaysia. In addition, school culture as a moderator in the relationship between transformational leadership and organizational health is a new discovery in the field of leadership. This is because the organizational health of secondary schools has never been investigated by local researchers. Most previous studies have highlighted transformational leadership and school culture has a direct influence on school improvement.

Although multifaceted problems are causing the frustrating scenario of the country’s tourism sector, Jordan has the potentials to develop its tourism sector and earn huge foreign currency and generate employment opportunities like the neighbouring countries, such as The Holy Lands, Egypt and Turkey who attract substantial number of tourists every year and thus generates huge amount of foreign currencies. The paper looks at different preferences of the tourist and examines the tour intention in selecting different tour destination. The study utilizes both exploratory and empirical research approach. The study collects data through interview with a structured self-administered questionnaire from 165 tourists, in utilizing convenient sampling technique. A multiple regression model was estimated to examine the effects of different factors on the tourists tour intention where nine factors related to different aspects of tourism such as service quality, natural beauty, known destination, convenient lodging, adventure, security, effective and efficient transportation, safe and quality food and shopping facility were used as indigenous variables where tour intention was used as exogenous variable of the model. The regression result shows that Service quality, Natural Beauty, Security and Shopping Facility are statistically significant indicating 24.6% of the variation in explaining the intention to select a tour destination in Jordan. The study outlines some policy implications.

Langerhans histiocytosis is a rare multi-systemic disease defined by the accumulation of Langerhans cells in the various organs of the human body, it predominates in children. Different localizations are described, Including the hematological localization characterized by the presence of histiocytes cell in the bone marrow. The aim of this work is to show the interest of the medullogram in the diagnosis of histiocytosis. We report 3 cases of Multifocal langerhanstic histiocytosis diagnosed in the hematology department in the Hassan II University Hospital in Fez. The diagnosis of Langerhans' histiocytosis was retained on clinical, cytological and anatomopathological criteria.

Project communication can be defined as the exchange of information aiming to instill knowledge among the stakeholders, thus acting as a binding force which connects many stakeholders of the conceived project and its environment in addition to coupling its activities during the development and execution of the project. Project Communication Management is highly concerned with technology as growing ways of communication are rapidly increasing in the global business world. This research is about understanding the relationship of communication management with Big Data (BD). This research assesses the level of awareness of communication management professionals regarding BD technologies and analyzes the contribution of different factors responsible for the rate of adoption of BD technologies in order to manage communication in large projects.

Mandibular third molars were found to be the common impacted tooth, but the ectopic eruption of the third molar is uncommon. The etiology and other information of these teeth were not completely clarified. The present article reports a case of an ectopically impacted left mandibular third molar in the ramus of the mandible.

World is ageing as an obvious consequence of the process of demographic transition and it is happening fastest in the developing world. Simultaneous disintegration of joint family system and changing social values, often obligate the elderly segment of society to live alone or in old age homes which make them increasingly vulnerable to mental health problems and other undesirable effects influencing their quality of life. The study aims to investigate the factors of psychological distress and quality of life among inhabitants of old age homes in Delhi. The cross-sectional study was undertaken in four government administered old age homes (OAHs)) in Delhi. 2 of these were free stay and other 2 being pay and stay OAHs. In all 148 subjects of both sexes and aged 60-85 years constituted study sample. Study tool included a semi structured proforma to assess Sociodemographic profile; WHOQOL-BREF scale and K-10 scale were used for QOL and psychological distress respectively. 2/3rd OAH inhabitants were female and rest 1/3rd being male. WHOQOL-BREF domain scores were higher in pay/stay homes as compared to free stay homes, furthermore all 4 domains score were significantly higher for male residents on t’ test. On K-10 scale 29.7%,7.4%, 2.7% residents were categorised as likely to have mild disorder, likely to have moderate disorder and likely to have severe disorder respectively whereas 60.1% were likely to be well, furthermore female were found to have significantly higher score on t’ test. Educational qualification and monthly income demonstrated significant positive correlation with all domains of QOL and sig negative correlation with psychological distress. Psychological distress was found to be higher in the free stay homes which could be attributed to lower level of education and income in these residents. QOL had significant negative correlation with psychological distress. Programs targeting modifiable risk factors could result in improvement of QOL and reduce psychological distress in OAH residents

Abstract: The principle of non-refoulement is seen by most in the international law arena as fundamental to refugee law. Since its expression in the Refugee Convention in 1951, it has played a key role in how states deal with refugees and asylum seekers. Scholars and Experts in refugee law define it as the idea that ‘no refugee should be returned to any country where he or she is likely to face persecution or torture’. This paper discusses the non-refoulement in Canada, Australia, and Belgium–three western States knowing for their constant reference to international law. When deporting a person can lead to torture and arbitrarily deprivation of life, that deportation potentially violates an international obligation or a State’s constitution. It is now well established that International Human Rights treaties impose obligations on States to protect persons from refoulement beyond the terms of the Refugee Convention. The paper expresses its concerns for the violation of international conventions from these Western States. I argue that these developed States’ application of these norms reflects partial compliance with its obligations, as it acknowledges important humanitarian concerns regarding international protection. This paper argues that these States’ application of these norms reflects partial compliance with their obligations, as it acknowledges important humanitarian concerns regarding international protection. The paper offers suggestions, which might assist their respective governments in developing a more effective approach to the assumption and implementation of international human rights obligations.