The study was designed to assess the performance of carbon at Malaysia. Landscape development plays an important role in the global carbon cycle. They produce a large proportion of CO2 emissions, but they also sequester and store carbon in our environment. The carbon footprint analysis is an established method for systematically quantifying carbon sinks and sources throughout the lifetime of goods and services. There are three stages of carbon contributors were identified through document review and expert’s validation, which is construction stage, operation stage and maintenance stages. The paper presents the carbon footprint analysis of landscape development stages that was recently constructed in the permonade Percint 8, Putrajaya. Field measurement was conducted and the collected data were analyzed using SMART PLS (Partial least squares). Findings of the study highlighted that construction stage give the highest significant to carbon contribution with a path coefficient 0.748. The study also shows that the construction stage is the largest contributor due to the presence of a large number of facilities and activities in landscape developments compared to the maintenance stage. Particularly this is also related to the material and equipment used during the construction stage. The study suggested that the construction stage need to be considered when developing a sustainable landscape design. Finally, the recommendations on how to reduce carbon emissions in landscape development stages especially in Malaysia were highlighted.

The purpose of this paper is to identify the factors that influence the customers' Attitude to patronise Islamic bank by applying theory of planned behaviour. The literature on Islamic banking is extensive and focuses on customers‟ behaviour, yet it is still unclear what variables may have a potential impact on customers‟ attitude. The Islamic bank customers‟ patronising factors were long discussed in the literature, but the predictors of customers‟ attitude toward Islamic banks according to the theory of planned behaviour has not been thoroughly discussed. The predictors of attitude were examined within theoretical framework. This study proposed and developed a framework using the Islamic bank customers selection criteria (product features, service quality, social responsibility practices and trust) as determinant of attitude. The framework is open for quantitative test which can form a genera for future researches in the area of determinates of Islamic bank customers Attitude. The theoretical framework incorporates customers selection criteria that are likely determine the customers attitude to patronise Islamic banks. The framework suggests that selection criterias‟ namely: product features, service quality, social responsibility practices and trust determine the customers attitude to patronise Islamic banks. This study integrates the selection criteria (product features, service quality, social responsibility practices and trust) to determine the attitude in the theoretical framework. The previous studies untapped the integration of customers selection criteria to patronise Islamic banks in the theory of planned behaviour.

Along with the rapid development of information technology the existence of the museum must also follow the existing changes, which must adapt to the needs and wants and young people. Youth segment is a huge market potential in Indonesia. This research is to explain about the implementation of experiential marketing strategy to make museum as one of tourist destination in Surabaya. Data collection techniques based on interviews with museum managers as well as from the observation of museums in the field, with attention to aspects of sense, feel, think, act and relate. The population in this study is the existing museum in Surabaya, where there are 18 museums in Surabaya, and the sample of this research is 6 museums in Surabaya (Museum of Cancer, Museum Of Sampoerna, Submarine Monument, Surabaya Museum, Health Museum, and Ethnographic Museum). This research uses qualitative research method with analytic descriptive approach, where this research only describes and analyzes existing variable that is implementation of experiential marketing at museum in Surabaya. The results showed that almost all the museums in Surabaya have not applied the concept of experiential marketing completely. In addition, almost all museums are in poor condition and still old-fashioned, and this is not suitable for the youth market. From this study it is also known that the museums in Surabaya have not been able to touch the emotional and psychological aspects of the visitors, whereas completing the visit to the museum does not feel an emotional touch and the latter will not encourage visitors to re-visit.

Depression is a major public health problem. It is the most common mood disorder in later life associated with serious consequences, including; disability, functional decline, diminished quality of life, increased mortality and increased service utilization. This study aims to assess the impact of a health promotion program on quality of life, depressive symptoms and feeling of loneliness among institutionalized elderly in Egypt. Design: a quasi-experimental one group pre-posttest research design was utilized. Sample: A convenience sample of (60) institutionalized elderly was selected. Setting: the study was conducted at Dar El- Hanna nursing home. Tools of the study: A structured questionnaire included personal data, health assessment data and institutionalization data. Quality of life index, UCLA loneliness scale as well as geriatric depression scale were utilized. Results: revealed that, more than half of elderly were institutionalized due to absence of caregivers. A statistically significant relationship was found between duration of residence, and quality of life. There were statistically significant relationships between mean scores in pre and posttest for quality of life index in relation to satisfaction aspect at p=0.001*, overall quality of life scale (at p=0.008*), UCLA loneliness scale (at p=0.001*) and geriatric depression scale (at p-0.003*). Conclusion: the study concluded that application of health promotion program for institutionalized elderly had a positive impact on reducing depressive symptoms and level of loneliness and has improved quality of life among institutionalized elderly. Recommendation, Further psychosocial intervention and qualitative studies are needed to overcome loneliness and depression and to improve quality of life among institutionalized elderly. A specialized gerontological mental health nurses should be there for elderly in nursing homes in Egypt. Elderly should also be involved in regular physical, mental and recreational activities to enhance their physical, social and psychological health and wellbeing.

Background: Visual impairment can have a significant effect on an individual’s functioning and their interaction with their physical and social environments and it is associated with disability and poor quality of life. The aim of this study was to evaluate the effect of an educational program to improve the quality of life (QoL) in elderly patients with visual impairment. Design: A quasiexperimental pre test-and-post test design was utilized. Setting: The study was conducted at the ophthalmology outpatient clinics and ophthalmology department at Zagazig University Hospitals. Sample: Aconsecutive sampling technique of 70 elderly with visual impairment who fulfilled the study inclusion criteria. Tools:Two tools were used to collect the study data: I) A structured interview questionnaire consisted of five parts. II) Low Vision Quality Of Life (LVQOL) , The study was conducted through assessment, planning, implementation, and evaluation phases. Results: The study results revealed that the duration of visual problems ranged between 1.0 and 26.0 years, mostly bilateral (64.3%), and had negative impacts on their life (92.9%). Elderly had deficient related knowledge, with low Quality of Life (QoL) and high dependency in DLAs. The educational program was effective in improving their knowledge, QoL and independence in DLAs . Conclusion: The findings emphasize the importance of well-designed patient education programs. Recommendation: Further research is suggested to explore the effectiveness of multiple-approach nursing interventions in improving the QoL of elderly with visual problems.

Background: It was an experimental comparative study conducted in Sudan, faculty of healthy sciences at Alsheikh Abdallah Elbadri University, among 144 Sudanese and non-Sudanese volunteers, age between 16 to 49 years old. ECG was done before and after exposure to mobile cell phone and both results was compared. The mobile cell phone was placed on chest pocket level during silent modes. Objectives: The study was aimed to detect the effect of silent mobile phone electromagnetic radiation on ECG parameters in both genders. Results: ECG parameters mean +STD of P, PR, ST and QT have significant change within normal range correlated with heart rate and rhythm, while the mean +STD of QRS duration and T wave has no significant changes. Conclusion: The mobile phone wave during silent mode has direct effect on ECG parameters which leads to sinus arrhythmia.

Needle stick injury (NSIs) is the main transmission source of blood borne infection among health care workers all over the world. Nurses are at high risk of needle stick injury with acquisition of blood-borne infection by pathogens while performing their clinical activities in the hospitals. Thus, this study aim was to assess the knowledge and practice of nurses regarding needle stick injury in Public Hospitals Lahore, Pakistan. Cross sectional study technique was used in the current study. Self-administered questionnaire was distributed among 186 nurses through convenient random sampling. Descriptive analysis was used to analyze the data. Finding of this study shows that most of the nurses have good knowledge about needle stick injury but application of the knowledge in their practical work was poor. The study recommends that the health education program for needle stick injury and prevention measure should be introduced to all the nurses intensively and encourages them to apply during their daily practice.

Background: In the present era almost all of the outstanding health care organizations have status because of the immense contributions of their employees especially Nurses and Doctors. These organizations pay to their employees according to their role and performance. The purpose of the study was that the impact of job satisfaction can affect Nurses performance. Methods: Total 111 participants were selected for this study as sample. It was a cross sectional descriptive study. For data collection self-administered structured questionnaire was used and data was collected from three tertiary hospitals of Lahore, Pakistan. Data was analyzed on SPSS version 16 statistical software. The results were analyzed in terms of descriptive statistics frequency, percentage were used for data analysis. Results: There were total 111 questionnaires were distributed and 100 participants returned the questionnaire. Results of the study revealed that the age of the nurses was 21-25 years (50%), and 26-30 years (39%). 91% were female, mostly were found with diploma (38%) and BSc (45%). An experience of the nurses between 1-6 years was 82%. Mostly nurses were satisfied with their performance (93%) were replied Yes, mostly nurses were not satisfied with the current service structure 73% answered No. 71% nurses were satisfied with their salary. 79% (Yes) were really satisfied with the all types of activities that lead to them towards good performance. There were mix response of the nurses about the regarding present incentives. Conclusion: This study results show this is the female dominant profession and mostly nurses were satisfied with their present performance. Majority of nurses were satisfied with their current salary, but they were not satisfied with their present inducements and service structure of the nurses. Generally nurses think that annual inducements and salaries effects on nurses‟ job satisfactions which lead to the good performance and there health care system will more develop.

FUO is an important medical problem worldwide, especially in the undeveloped countries like India. To have a structured, sensible and effective approach the clinician must have an understanding of the spectrum of disease and test characteristics of various diagnostic modalities available in the evaluation of FUO. The aim of this study was to analyze the clinical and etiological profile of patients having classic FUO. It was a cross sectional study for one year duration from 1st June 2013 to 31st May 2014 and was performed in the Department of Medicine in I.G.M.C. Shimla. All the admitted Patients above 18 year of age and who fulfilled the Durack and Street criteria of FUO were included in the study. After initial history taking and physical examination, the patients were subjected to routine, serological & radiographic investigations. Data was entered using microsoft excel software and analyzed with the help of epi info v7. A total of 45 patients who admitted with FUO were included Mean age of the patients was 33 years and majority of the patients were in young age group of 18-40 years (76%).There was male preponderance (69%) and most of the patients were from rural background (71%).The mean duration of fever 46.6 days and mean duration of hospitalization was 14.4 days. Infections were responsible for 80% cases of FUO. These infections included tuberculosis (29%), enteric fever (17.5%), intra-abdominal abscesses (8.8%), chloroquine responsive fever (4.4%), brucellosis (7%), lieshmaniasis (4.4%), and UTI (2.2%). Non Infectious Inflammatory Disease (NIID) and neoplasms were were responsible for only 4.4% and 2.2% of cases, while 13.2% of the cases remained undiagnosed. Infections are the most important cause of fever of unknown origin in the developing countries like India and tuberculosis is the leading cause. Thus the initial investigations should always include tests for ruling out or confirming diagnosis of infectious disease.

Burmese Citizenship Law-1982 has made the Muslim Rohingyas largest persecuted population groups in the world. Rohingya crisis in Myanmar is a contemporary and crucial issue not only in South and Southeast Asia but also in the world. The „duration of stay‟ of Rohingyas in Myanmar is a matter of controversy raised by Rohingya literatures and Arakanese Buddhists literatures. The root of antagonism between Rohingya Muslim and Buddhist Arakanese is historical. Only the dimension and extension has been changed with the advancement of time. Massive Rohingya exodus has been occurred three times in independent Myanmar, in 1978, 1991-92 and 2017 due to military operation. Huge number of refugee outflow has strike mainly in neighbouring Bangladesh border, has made geopolitical imbalance in the South-East Asia. Myanmar Government and Rohingya leaders should review their policy against each other and should start dialoging for the permanent solution. The paper tries to draw out the origin of Rohingyas and their long history of conflict with Buddhist Arakanese as well as with Government. Refugee issue and migration pattern also included here. Statements are almost bias free as much as possible and have been made best on important historical/research document.

The research aimed to measure HbA1C in normal Sudanese non-diabetic pregnant women attending antenatal care at Ribat University Hospital, Khartoum state during the period from Sep 2017 to Nov 2017, and to explore the effect of pregnancy on HbA1C. A Cross sectional facility based study was conducted in The National Ribat University hospital during the period from Sep 2017 to Nov 2017 among the Normal Sudanese pregnant, non-diabetic females of ages between 18-40 years. Twenty women were included as a pilot, ten of them at first trimester and ten at third trimester. Correlations between the variables were estimated and P value less than 0.05 was considered statistically significant and used to determine the relationship between the Multiple factors of pregnancy and HbA1c level. The mean value of HbA1c at first trimester of pregnancy was found to be 4.7% with a range of (3.5% - 5.5 %) and the mean value of HbA1c at third trimester of pregnancy was found to be 3.98% with a range of (2.8% - 5.4%). The mean value of HbA1c in normal pregnancy was found to be 4.37% with a range of (2.8% - 5.5 %). There was no correlation between normal FBG, Hb level, daily caloric intake, age, PH. of DM, PH. of GDM, family history of DM and the level of HbA1c. According to this study the mean value of HbA1c in Sudanese healthy pregnant women is 4.37 found within the normal Sudanese values of HbA1c. HbA1c is lower in the third trimester compared to first trimester.

This paper reports obtaining of useful and highly value materials from wheat bran. For this purpose, wheat bran sample was burned for 30 s using Nd: YAG laser with output power 60 W. The product of synthesis process and non-burned wheat bran were characterized by x-ray diffractometer (XRD), energy dispersive xray (EDX) and fourier transform infrared (FTIR) so as to investigate its crystal structure and chemical components. XRD results of the sample before burning process revealed amorphous silica, cubic phase of silicon carbide and rhombohedral phase of carbon. The obtained results showed that burning process using Nd: YAG laser can convert the cubic structure of silicon carbide into hexagonal and rhombohedral structure and convert rhombohedral structure of carbon into hexagonal structure; also it revealed a monoclinic structure of silica after burning. FTIR showed a number of absorbance peaks assigned to silica and silicon carbide.

Gastrointestinal system is predominantly supplied by the serotonin. Serotonin has both central & peripheral actions. The SSRls increases the release of serotonin in the synapse by inhibiting the transporter, which results in excessive nausea & vomiting initially. We carried out this study to determine the effects of SSRIs on intestinal motility. Power lab (USA) was used for recording the contractions of ileal smooth muscle of rabbit. The percent responses of serotonin, fluoxetine, paroxetine and citalopram were 100, 15.48, 7.45, and 6.75 percent correspondingly indicating that serotonin has a greater impact on intestinal motility as compared to SSRIs. Failure of SSRIs (fluoxetine, paroxetine and citalopram) to augment the serotonergic transmission in vitro causes a decline in its qualitative response. Fluoxetine causes the minimal effect on intestinal activity amongst its fellow drug & therefore can be prescribed safely in patients of depression with abnormal motility

Energy availability is a vital factor for the survival and optimal performance of industries worldwide. Energy deficit poses a serious threat to the optimal performance of industrial processes, industrial growth and economic development of any nation. Nigeria is blessed with abundant natural resources from which energy could be freely harnessed to meet the nation’s ever spiralling energy needs. Owing to various reasons some of which are pin-pointed here, however, Nigeria continues to suffer acute shortage of energy to power the manufacturing sector therefore hindering her industrial and economic development. The study seeks to investigate the impact of energy deficit on the overall equipment effectiveness (OEE) of selected manufacturing firms in Nigeria as well as suggest ways of using OEE to maximise energy and improve productivity. Data extracted from the sampled firms were used in the computation of the Availability (A), Performance (P), Product Quality (Q) and the Overall Equipment Effectiveness (OEE) applicable to each firm. The findings show that Nigeria must adopt vigorous steps to explore and exploit its abundant energy resources in other to achieve her dream of becoming an industrial giant in the nearest future.

The present paper described about the development and validation of three different simple, sensitive, rapid, accurate and economical UV Spectrophotometric methods. The developed methods were used for the quantitative estimation of famciclovir in bulk drug and its pharmaceutical dosage form. UV 1800 double beam UV Visible Spectrophotometer with a pair of 10mm path length matched quartz cells were used for the study. Method A (Borate buffer pH9), Method B (0.1N NaOH) Method C (Phosphate buffer pH4) and Method D (Phosphate buffer pH 7) were developed for estimation of famciclovir by zero-order and first-order derivative. Beer’s law is valid in the concentration range of 10-80 μg/mL and 10-90 μg/mL respectively and the correlation coefficient was found to be 0.999. The percentage recoveries were found to be 98-102%. The relative standard deviation was found to be <2%. LOD&LOQ were estimated. The statistical analysis proves that the methods are reproducible and selective for the routine analysis of famciclovir in bulk and its pharmaceutical dosage form