Isolated laryngeal tuberculosis is rare and presents less than 1% of the manifestations of this disease, it poses a problem of differential diagnosis with other affections mainly tumors. The aim of this work is to emphasize the diagnostic difficulty of this entity and its management. We report the case of a 21-year-old patient hospitalized for progressive dysphonia. Endoscopy showed an ulcerous-budding process of the two vocal cords (which were mobile) extending to the laryngeal vestibule and vestibular bands. The histological examination of the biopsies performed was in favor of a caseo-follicular tuberculous laryngitis. An anti-bacillary treatment has been introduced which has allowed a total resolution of clinical, biological and endoscopic signs. La is healthy 2 years after the end of treatment.

Present study was designed to evaluate the ameliorative effect of Tribulus terrestris (TT) and vitamin C against permethrin induced oxidative stress in goat testicular tissue in vitro. Testicular tissue was divided into control and three experimental groups EI, EII and EIII. All the groups were cultured in TCM-199 nutritive media at 95% humidity, 5% and 39℃ in CO2 incubator for 4hr. and 8hr. duration. In group EI, the testicular tissue was exposed to 100µg/ml and 200µg/ml of permethrin. EII group was exposed to 100µg/ml and 200µg/ml of permethrin along with 0.1mmol of vitamin C. While EIII group was tested for 100µg/ml and 200µg/ml of permethrin along with 100µg/ml hydro-alcoholic extract of TT. Present study revealed that the activity of antioxidant markers such as catalase (CAT), glutathione peroxidase (GPx) and reduced glutathione (GSH) were significantly (p<0.05) decreased in permethrin treated groups as compared to control in both dose and time dependent manner. Maximum decline (62.69%, 39.4%, 51.5% decrease in level of CAT, GPx, GSH respectively) in the antioxidant status of the tissue was reported at 200µg/ml for the duration of 8hr. However, 100µg/ml of permethrin resulted in 29.3%, 14.3%, 29.5% decrease in CAT, GPx, and GSH level respectively for the same exposure duration i.e. 8hr. The activity of antioxidants was found to be improved in vitamin C (EII) and TT (EIII) supplemented groups (p<0.05). From the present study, it is concluded that permethrin induce a decline in the status of antioxidant enzymes. Vitamin C and TT are potent antioxidants that mitigate the toxic effects of permethrin by elevating the level of antioxidants.

Anxiety is a neuropathlogical condition which disturbs the normal routine life and CNS function. Serotonin is well known neurotransmitter responsible for pathogenesis of neurological diseases such as epilepsy, migraine, multiple sclerosis and Parkinson's disease &neuropsychiatric diseases like depression, anxiety and stress. Malfunctioning of 5-HT receptor, 5-HT transporter and mutation in gene code for its synthesis may contribute to abnormal function of serotonin. Nigella sativa is most common herb use as medicinal plant .In present investigation aqueous extract of Nigella sativa given to rats exerts anxiolytic and hyperserotonergic effect by increasing serotonin level in rat brain. Significant anixolytic effects were observed in open filed box and elevated plus maze. All these findings proved that Nigella sativa can be beneficial to treat neurological behavior defect which is due to hypoactivity of serotonergic neuron in brain

Wide range of inter-annual climatic variability and frequent occurrence of extreme climatic events is a great concern. There is a need to assess the impact of such events on agriculture and to suggest suitable agri-management options for sustenance. The appropriate regional based agro-advisory needs to be established for the farmers and other stake holders. Inter-annual climatic variability has to be linked through growth and yield of crops and cropping systems in various production environments of Bangladesh. Climate change is a global concern, and we must identify vulnerable regions as well as identify suitable mitigation and adaptation strategies through various agronomic and management options to sustain the agricultural production. Development of climate resilient agriculture is of paramount importance. Agri-response must be evaluated in relation to future climate change scenarios, in which crop modelling can play an effective role. With the help of crop simulation tools, assessment can be made for newer production centres and identifying suitable resource management options for maximizing production. Impact of climate change needs to be worked out on regional scales by integrating crop models with relational layers of bio-physical and socio-economic aspects. For this purpose use of geographic information system (GIS) and remote sensing tools is needed. In this review article, we have discussed about the inter-annual climatic variability and occurrence of extreme climatic events in Bangladesh and their association with agricultural production system. In this paper, we have demonstrated the potential of crop models viz. INFOCROP, DSSAT to assess the impact of this climatic variability and its change on growth and yield of crops and cropping systems and thereby suggesting appropriate management options for sustenance.

A simple and precise reversed-phase high performance liquid chromatography (HPLC) assay for the determination of dexamethasone in human plasma was developed and validated. 1.0 ml plasma samples containing dexamethasone and lansoprazole as internal standard (IS) were deproteinized with 2 ml dichloromethane and 3 ml methyl tert-butyl ether. Separation was achieved on Atlantis dC-18 column with a mobile phase consisted of acetonitrile and water (40:60, v:v), and delivered at a flow rate of 1.0 ml/min. The eluent was monitored spectrophotometrically at 240 nm. No interference in blank plasma or of commonly used drugs was observed. The relationship between the concentration of dexamethasone in plasma and peak height ratio of dexamethasone to the IS was linear over the range of 0.15-8.0 μg/ml. Intra-day and inter-day coefficient of variation (CV) and bias were ≤11.1% and ≤9.5% and ≤9.3% and ≤5.6%, respectively. Mean extraction recovery of dexamethasone and IS was 100% and 97%, respectively. The method was applied to assess dexamethasone stability under various conditions encountered in the clinical laboratory. Dexamethasone stability in processed (24hrs at room temperature, 48hrs at -20°C) and unprocessed (24hrs at room temperature, 8 weeks at -20°C, or after 3 cycles of freeze and thaw) samples was ≥ 90% and ≥ 83%, respectively

An increasing antimicrobial resistance among Klebsiella pneumoniae (K. pneumoniae) has been rapidly growing. The cross-sectional, analytical and descriptive study was conducted to investigate the current in vitro susceptibility pattern of clinically isolated K. pneumoniae. Patient data for 700 different clinical specimens were collected from the case records during October 2016 to March 2017. Following isolation and identification of 113 isolates of K. pneumoniae to the species level, antibiotic susceptibility pattern for all isolates was examined using standard Kirby-Bauer disk diffusion method. Among113 K. pneumoniae isolates, 25 (12.6%) and 88 (39.5%) were isolated from outpatients and inpatients respectively were considered for the study. The isolates showed high levels of resistance to Penicillin (100.0%), Ampicillin (96.5), first-generation cephalosporins (>92.0%), Nalidixic acid (93.8%), Erythromycin (96.5), Roxithromycin (99.1%). The isolates were less resistant to Amikacin (27.4%), Imipenem (29.2%). Good antibiotics activity against community-acquired (CA) compared to hospital-acquired (HA) isolates and the difference in resistant rate between them was found statistically significant for several antibiotics. A general increase in the resistance pattern of K. pneumoniae was detected to all the antibiotics that confirm the greatest and frightening problem in our country. Mechanisms for HA infection control measures must be evaluated to reduce pathogenic resistant bacterial strains spreading. Also, strike regulation of the antibiotics buying and intake by the public need to be applied.

The objective of the present study was to develop and optimize an oral pulsatile drug delivery system containing pantoprazole sodium to mimic the circadian rhythm of the peptic ulcer by releasing the drug with a distinct predetermined lag time. Six fast disintegration core tablets were prepared for preliminary trials using direct compression method. The tablets were evaluated for hardness, friability assay and dissolution study. The best formulation were selected for optimization to study the influence of Micro crystalline cellulose (MCC) and Sodium starch glycolate (SSG) using 32 full factorial design. The optimized formulations were selected for coating for pulsatile delivery. The results of the study indicate f3 formulation was suitable for scale up

An integrated counseling and testing centre is a place where a person is counseled and tested for HIV, on his own free will or as advised by a medical provider. The main functions of an ICTC include: Early detection of HIV, Provision of basic information on modes of transmission and prevention of HIV/AIDS for promoting behavioral change, reducing vulnerability and link people with other HIV prevention, care & treatment services. ICTC data can guide in identifying the various risk groups for priority targeted interventions to reduce HIV transmission in the community. To estimate the prevalence, mode of transmission, risk behavior and socio-demographic characteristics of attendees who tested HIV positive at ICTC in IGMC, Shimla for the year 2016 and prevalence of TB-HIV co-infection among HIV positive cases. This study is based on the Record review of attendees at ICTC in Indira Gandhi Medical College & Hospital in Shimla from 1st January to 31st December 2016. Data was entered using Microsoft excel software and analyzed with the help of epi info v7. This study depicts the role of ICTC & its Implementation in a Medical College. Among the 9156 total attendees in a year 2016 at ICTC, 63 were HIV Positive, so the overall prevalence of HIV among attendees was 0.69%, in which 41 were males and maximum (29) were in the age group of 35-49 years. TB-HIV co-infection was present in 3 patients out of 41 who were referred to RNTCP centre. Most common (71.42%) mode of transmission was heterosexual. Govt/ Pvt services & truck driving were the common occupations among HIV Positive Patients. Present study shows that males, 35-49 years of age group, hetero-sexual mode of Transmission & Inservice (Govt/Pvt) and truck drivers by occupation were predominate among HIV Positives. So we need to focus on these groups by IEC or BCC activities to modify the risk behavior to reverse the HIV epidemic.

The inadvertent displacement of a tooth or fragment of a tooth into the maxillary sinus during exodontia is not an uncommon experience. Although it is questionable whether such a mishap should be regarded as a dental emergency it is nonetheless a complication which should be treated without undue delay. The purpose of this paper is to discuss a new innovative technique for retrieval of displaced root into the maxillary sinus.

This study explored antediluvian and contemporary developments in human history and critically scrutinized their impacts in chronological developments of accounting. Considering the fact that the study is theoretically designed, it is therefore considered as literature based .The research design adopt is an explanatory research design. Secondary data is used and sources of information include text books, journals and other related materials in existence taken on in explaining the research variables. The study revealed some prehistoric phenomenal events that have influenced accounting techniques and horizon over the decades or centuries. Equally demystified are some contemporary happenings around the globe such as technology advancement (among others) that have orchestrated globalization with its attendant accounting responses such as the emergence of International Financial Reporting Standards (IFRS).How such developments have shaped accounting as a field of study is highlighted. It equally brought to limelight the import of each of the significant prehistoric and contemporary happenings in relation to how such developments have shaped accounting. It was discovered that accounting as a field of study has antediluvian origin and it has kept evolving even till date. The study concluded accounting cannot be alienated from the wide range of prehistorical developments (both ancient and modern) in our environment because they have a way of forcing accounting as field of study to metamorphose and this has made accounting sciences highly dynamic. The paper established that accounting developed purely in response to the needs of the time orchestrated by changes in the environment and societal demands. At some other points, the development of the science of accounting has itself driven the evolution and development of commerce since it was only through the use of more precise and clear-cut accounting techniques that modern business was able to grow, thrive and respond to the needs of its owners and the public. It is therefore recommended that academics and professional accountants should be well informed of the dynamic nature of accounting with a view to being on the alert in order to respond timely and appropriate to up-and-coming challenges technologically, economically, politically and otherwise that may confront accounting.

This study aims to determine the effect of debt ratio (DR), current ratio (CR), and working capital turnover (WCT) on return on assets (ROA) at companies listed on Indonesia Stock Exchange tourism, hotels and restaurants sector period of 2012-2016. Sample selection in this study using purposive sampling method and got 6 companies which are suitable with the criteria. The research data is obtained from Indonesia Stock Exchange. The method used in this research is panel data regression analysis and it is found that the more appropriate model used is random effect. From the result of research got the value of adjusted R-Square equal to 9.13%. It indicated that current ratio variable has significant positive effect on return on assets (ROA) with regression coefficient equal to 0,0286. However, the variable debt ratio (DR) has insignificant negative effect on return on assets (ROA) with the regression coefficient of 0,6852 and working capital turnover (WCT) variable does not positively influence dividend policy with the regression coefficient of 0,6768.

The paper looked at science as a systematic or step-by-step procedure requires in acquiring or obtaining knowledge that is objective, empirical and rational. The paper talked about the elements of scientific inquiry such as concepts variables, hypotheses, measurements and theories. It further highlighted the characteristics of sciences like objectivity, empiricism, universal applicability, systematic, predictability, verifiability, testability, logicality, experimentation and cumulative knowledge. Various conceptions of science were treated which includes realist conception, conventionalist conception, and traditional conception (a theory, operationalization and observation). Social research is viewed as a systematic way of search for knowledge of understanding social reality. Some types of research were identified as descriptive, analytical, applied, fundamental, quantitative, qualitative, conceptual, empirical, longitudinal, exploratory, and clinical among others. One of the scientific approach, the paper viewed quantitative research and qualitative research as having step-by-step procedures in the collection and the analysis of data collected in the field. The paper concludes that both quantitative and qualitative data are scientific with quantitative research being more rigorous related to positivist science and qualitative to non-positivist conception. The paper further suggests the need for mixed method in social research in order to overcome the shortcomings of both quantitative and qualitative approaches.

To model the milling process, you need an accurate model of the cutting tool. The article presents a methodology developed for designing a part with replaceable "end milling cutter" plates in a three-dimensional configuration. The model of a "face milling cutter" type with carbide inserts includes a large number of variables, such as diameter, number of teeth, their clearance angles, and the like. Therefore, the geometry of such a cutting tool is chosen on the basis of similar details studies. The proposed model was developed using the CAD system of SolidWorks. The cutting insert deformation of the milling cutter in the SolidWorks Simulation module is analyzed, as a result of the calculated cutting force acting on it, it is determined that the cutting inserts meet the accuracy requirements for surface treatment of grade 2-4.

Discrete Z transform is used to solve difference equations in pharmacokinetics for constant dosage with fixed time intervals. Difference equation for half dosage and fractional dosage are analyzed. Clinical application is proposed.

The Ritz method was used in this paper for the flexural analysis of a statically indeterminate Euler – Bernoulli beam with a prismatic cross section. The beam considered was a propped cantilever of length, l, fixed at x = 0, and simply supported at x = l; and carrying a linearly distributed transverse load on the longitudinal axis. Two cases of coordinate (basis) functions were studied. In the first case, the basis functions were constructed to satisfy the deflection boundary conditions, but not the force boundary conditions. In the second case, the basis functions were constructed to satisfy all the boundary conditions. It was found that the stiffness equations formed with the basis functions that satisfied all the boundary conditions gave the exact solutions for deflection, bending moments and shear force distributions along the beam’s longitudinal axis. The effectiveness of the Ritz method for solving statically indeterminate Euler Bernoulli beam flexure problems was thus highlighted.