Special stains are dyes that are used for special purpose and are not used routinely in a histopathology laboratory. They are of special interest in research and diagnostic. Most of the special stains are synthetic stains and are composed of harmful chemicals. Continuous and regular exposure to them possesses serious risks to health. Many of the synthetic special stains are found to be genotoxic, mutagenic, immunotoxic and carcinogenic. Their safe handling and disposal is very important from the point of view of health and environmental safety. This review focuses on the effects of the chemical dyes on human health.

This study is an empirical investigation into the quantitative effect of credit risk management on the performance of Nigeria’s Deposit Money Banks (DMBs) and Bank lending growth over the period of 17 years (1998- 2014). Secondary data for empirical analysis was obtained from CBN Statistical bulletin 2014 and World Bank (WDI) 2015. The study employed multiple linear regression model to analyze the time series data. The result showed that sound credit management strategies can boost investors and savers confidence in banks and lead to a growth in funds for loans and advances which leads to increased bank profitability.. The findings revealed that credit risk management has an insignificant impact on the growth of total loans and advances by Nigerian Deposit money banks. The study therefore recommends that DMBs in Nigeria should strictly adhere to their credit appraisal policies which ensures that only credit worthy borrowers have access to loanable funds. Banks are to ensure that funds are allocated to borrowers with decent to high credit ratings.

Over the years, there has been a sudden increase in the number of vehicles on road. Traffic congestion, is a growing problem everyone faces in their daily life. Manual control of traffic by policeman has not proved to be efficient. Also the predefined set time for the signal at all circumstances (low and high traffic density) has not solved this problem. Mechanisms to use IR sensors to detect traffic density is not very effective as even a single vehicle detected at the last sensor can imply high traffic density even when there is free space in front of it. A model to effectively solve the above mentioned problems by using Internet of things for traffic controlling systems which also gives priority to emergency vehicles is proposed. We use cloud for internet based computing, where different services such as server, storage and application are delivered to an organization. Cloud computing store data on the internet which must give continuous update so that it can handle traffic smoothly. We then use load cell to approximately calculate the amount of time required to clear the traffic on a particular road based on the density of traffic. RF transmitters are used in emergency vehicles to transmit signal to RF receiver mounted on traffic signal. This makes sure the signal is turned green to let the emergency vehicle pass by. A real-time traffic information collection and monitoring system to solve the problem of realtime monitoring and controlling road vehicles is proposed. This system employs key technologies: Internet of Things, Load Cells and RF Transmitters and Receivers to collect, Store, Manage and Supervise traffic information. Multiple advantages of the work are: Cost effectiveness, reduction in waiting/ travelling times with cost and fuel efficiency, traffic surveillance using URL available for smart decision making is of major concern.

Saving lifes and rescue missions has been a noble work for Fire and Rescue Department Malaysia (JPBM) employees. They risk their own lifes to save and rescue others. This paper intends to explore their work competencies, namely skills of receiving orders, skills of duty, skills of communication, skills of conflict resolution, and skills of planning an action toward the work performance. A self administered questionnaires were distributed among JPBM employees. The reponse rate was encouraging as they gave full cooperation in the survey. JPBM employees had shown that planning an actions had an impact on thier work performance. But, this did not indicate that their rest of work competence components were not important to them. Moreover, JPBM’s top management needs to capitalize their employees work competence in enhancing their work performance. Management and psychological traninings and courses were seen as major contributor to boost JPBM’s employees work competence that will lead to their work performance.

Cemento-Ossifying fibromas are rare fibro-osseous lesions that affect the jaw bones and are included in the group of mesodermal odontogenic tumours. Clinically, it is a large asymptomatic tumor of aggressive appearance. Four separate categories have been identified: Periapical cemental dysplasia, benign cementoblastoma, cementifying fibroma and a rare gigantiform variety. It has been suggested that the origin of these tumour is odontogenic or from periodontal ligament. This lesions commonly seen in women in 3rd and 4th decade of life. Usually in the jaw region the lesions are found mostly in the tooth bearing area. In this article, we present two cases of unusual presentation of Central Ossifying Fibroma involving lower border of mandible and its management.

The purpose of this paper is to know the perception of the customers‟ towards dimensions of E-banking between public and private banks across Accuracy, Cost Effectiveness, Efficiency, Accessibility and Easy to use. A convenience sampling technique was used to recruit 320 customers through a well designed questionnaire from three Public Banks i.e. SBI, Punjab National Bank and Bank of Baroda and three Private Banks i.e. ICICI, HDFC and Axis Bank of NCR, India. The questionnaire is representing the desired range of demographic characteristics e.g. Gender, Age, and Occupation. Data has been analysed by reliability analysis, factor analysis, descriptive analysis and Independent Sample t-test. This research showed that all dimensions of E-banking i.e. Accuracy, Cost Effectiveness, Efficiency, Accessibility and Easy to use indicate significant difference between Public and Private Banks of NCR, India.

An implant-supported overdenture may be practically advantageous over conventional complete denture and removable partial denture. They reduce bone resorption and has greater prosthesis stability, improved maintenance and better esthetics. Implant supported overdenture may reduce the amount of soft-tissue coverage and extension of the prosthesis. Hygiene condition and home maintenance procedures are improved with the overdenture compared with fixed prosthesis. Implant supported overdenture limits lateral movements and consequently minimize soft-tissue trauma. Greater stability of implant-supported overdenture drives from mechanical attachment of the implant support system retaining the restoration. In severe resorption cases, this is a better alternative than the fixed restoration.

Administration on a planned and scientific basis is necessary for the smooth running of every institution. A hospital is no exception which requires a much better fundamental rule. Administration plays a vital role in the functioning of a hospital, perhaps more than it does in any other institution. Today hospitals must be organized and administered in a scientific manner for efficient functioning. For efficient functioning it requires that every staff should be adequately trained. The need for effective hospital administrators has tremendously increased; because the number of people who use hospital services has also increased. Whereas the pecuniary and other important resources available to hospitals in India do not match up with the growth of the number of users. With competent and efficient administration can make optimum use of resources. In this research, both primary and secondary data collection tools were used. The study focused on to examine the awareness of Managerial 5C‟s among hospital administrators and to identity the challenges of managing a hospital. It was found out that Communicating the hospital‟s philosophy and vision to the patients, employees, government agencies and community at large was not easy by hospital administrators and most of the hospital administrations are not aware of the Managerial 5C‟s. It was also suggested that, Hospital administrators should apply the five C‟s managerial tips and also focus on environmental friendliness and waste management. Positive thinking the best form of managing hospital, inviting thoughts, ideas, images and words which are beneficial for development, increase and accomplishment was recommended.

Abstract: Every committed writer has as his/her responsibility to address the socio- political, economic and cultural concerns of his society. The Anglophone Cameroonian writer has done that in poetry, drama and prose. However, G.D. Nyamndi, besides his prose and dramatic works which are basically fiction that is based on facts, has decided to take Anglophone Cameroonian literature to another dimension, namely, the essay. The essayist’s approach is very scientific and empirical in the sense that he/she tends to behave like a scientist, and every word, phrase, clause or sentence that he/she uses is thoroughly scrutinized. Samuel Johnson says proper words in proper places. Using the new historicist critical theory to interpret, analyze and evaluate Nyamndi’s Whether Losing, Whether Winning: Musings in Political Realism, this paper reveals that Nyamndi in his essay has held his literary mirror closer to social reality than his fictional works. The paper concludes that the essay is the best instrument that can be used to gauge the socio-political and cultural climate of any society.

This study examined the impact of mandatory information disclosure on compliance with companies and allied matter Act(CAMA) of telecommunication companies in Nigeria. The study adopted ex-post facto research design which relied on secondary data collected from the financial statements of three (3) telecommunication companies for the period of 2004 to 2015. The multiple regression model was used to analyze the data. The results indicated that computed compliance index of telecommunication companies were partially complied (av.75.6%) with the requirements of regulatory agencies. Furthermore, the finding revealed that accounting policies has significant impact at 1%, this shows positive compliance by the telecommunication companies, balance sheet and profit and loss has significant impact at 5%. This means that there is a partial compliance by the telecommunication companies, the auditor’s report has significant impact at 10%, and this shows weak compliance by the telecommunication companies. While directors report is insignificant. This means that there is non- compliance by the telecommunication companies. It is concluded that the level of compliance with existing regulation required was partial which showed some internal weaknesses and consequent distress in the operations of the telecommunication companies in Nigeria. To this effect, there is a clarion call for the enforcement of full compliance by all the Telecommunication companies in Nigeria. It is therefore recommended that National Communication Commission should monitor the compliance with the requirements of mandatory information disclosure and pursue its objective to achieve best corporate governance practices in Nigerian telecommunication companies.

This paper analyses the changes of trade pattern for Malaysia’s exports by calculating reveal comparative advantage (RCA) indices over time. This study is based on 144 manufactures comparative advantage in the world and Vietnam market. It classifies 144 kinds of manufactures by technology level into five general groups and nine small groups, which cover the majority of Malaysia’s manufactured goods. This paper undertakes an analysis of the comparative advantage of Malaysia manufactured goods from 2010 to 2015. The results indicate that most of the products with comparative advantage in the world market are high technology products, particularly E&E products and process industries products. In term of Vietnam market, agriculture-based products and process industries are more dominance. However, Malaysia manufactured products competitiveness in Vietnam market have shifted from low technology products to medium technology products which indicates the same pattern with the world.

Five different soil rhizosphere samples were collected from the following medicinal plants: Heliotropium pterocarpum, Euphorbia cuneata, Dracaena ombet, Balanites aegyptiaca and Prosopis juliflra located in HalayebShalateen region, Egypt. Physico-chemical characterization of these soil was performed. Also, six microbial DNA extraction protocols (A-F) including hexadecylmethylammonium bromide (CTAB) and sodium docdeylsulfate (SDS)- based methods were compared for these soil. Moreover, Phospholipid Fatty Acid (PLFA) analysis was applied to characterize the microbial community structure of these samples. Consequently, this work provides rapid microbial DNA extraction and precipitation method and biodiversity evaluation of microbial community structure in the samples.

This paper examines the roles of Civil Society Organizations (CSOs) and Voluntary Organizations for Professionals Evaluation (VOPEs) towards achieving the Sustainable Development Goals (SDGs) in Nigeria. The paper identified the roles of the CSOs to include: providing support towards improved public transparency and accountability; creating awareness among government agencies and the general public about the SGDs; mobilizing private sector involvement; monitoring of projects under the SGDs; empowering the marginalized populations by giving voice to their concerns; and strengthening the fight against corruption. The paper identified the roles of the VOPEs to include: training, re-training and capacity of staff; creating adequate and credible data management system to aid planning, monitoring and evaluation; monitoring developmental projects to ensure accountability and standardization; organizing workshops for cross learning and experience sharing among practitioners; and supporting monitoring and evaluation ownership and utilization of evaluation results.

A fundamental tension exists today between the increasing willingness of States to participate in international efforts to protect fundamental human rights, and their desire to retain control over internal laws and procedures. The Refugee Convention provides international protection to individuals fleeing persecution in their countries of origin. This paper argues that the degrading and discriminating treatment of refugees with mental disabilities in certain countries constitutes the violation of the international protection. Furthermore, it argues that the language of the Refugee Convention and recent developments in case law relating to the scope of the "particular social group" category support the right of individuals with disabilities to seek international protection if they fear being persecuted on account of their particular mental disability. As a result, individuals who fear such treatment for reasons of their mental disability should be entitled to refugee protection. People with mental disabilities constitute a "social group," those who have a "wellfounded fear of persecution" on account of their mental disability should qualify for refugee status. In addition, I address the concerns of those in opposition to the granting of refugee protection to the mentally disabled. I argue that the numerous elements that an applicant must establish in order to be granted refugee status prevents the granting of protection to those who do not genuinely face a "well-founded fear of persecution."

The Marshall-Lerner hypothesis states that a nominal devaluation of exchange rate improves the trade balance. But the empirical evidence from Nigeria over the years has been inconsistent and inconclusive with regards to MarshallLerner conditions. Therefore, this study adopts multivariate regression model to ascertain the effects of devaluation of domestic currency on balance of payment of the Nigerian economy as in line with the arguments of the Marshall-Learn (ML) condition. To measure the effect of exchange rate devaluation on the Nigerian balance of payments, exchange rate, trade openness and foreign direct investment were used as the independent variables (exogenous) while balance of payment was used as the dependent variable (endogenous). The result revealed that, a unit devaluation of exchange rate on the average will result to 2.28138 percentage decrease in balance of payment (BOP) through balance of trade mechanism. The study concluded that the Marshall-Lerner condition is not satisfied in the short run in Nigerian case within the time period reviewed, 1970- 2014.