Recurrent respiratory papillomatosis is a rare benign disease of the upper airway caused by HPV, primarily affecting the paediatric age group. A retrospective analysis of 11 cases of recurrent respiratory papillomatosis was done in the present study extending for 30 years in three Medical Colleges of India. The presenting age of the patients was 2 to 7 years. Around 73% of recurrent respiratory papillomatosis cases had been diagnosed within 5 years of age. In our study, we did not find any case of adult onset recurrent respiratory papillomatosis and all the cases were of juvenile onset. Both males and females were affected equally with a male to female ratio of 1.2: 1. The incidence was more in the population with lower socio-economic conditions. Out of the total 11 cases, 6 patients required emergency tracheostomy for obstruction of the airway due to extensive involvement of the larynx. Microlaryngoscopic removal of the lesions with microdebrider was the primary treatment combined with adjuvant nonsurgical/medical treatments to contain the virus and growth of the tumours. In the case of the 5 (45%) patients presenting with hoarseness of voice without respiratory distress, complete microlaryngoscopic excision of the lesions were possible. However there were recurrences in 3 of these 5 cases, requiring further surgeries. In the case of the 6 (55%) patients, who required emergency tracheostomy for acute respiratory distress, complete microlaryngoscopic excision of the lesions were not possible in the first surgery, due to extensive pathology and there were recurrences in all these cases. Collectively, there were recurrences in 9 cases out of the total 11 cases.

The year 2018 marked the 40th anniversary of the founding of the ASUU. As has been seen, during these forty years, Nigeria had experienced a great deal of political and societal unrest, and by any standards the history of the ASUU has been an eventful one. The formation of ASUU came at a time when the oil boom in Nigeria was beginning to decline and when the country was faced with the consequences of the failure of its rulers to utilize oil wealth to support production and a credible welfare system. Military dictatorship had become institutionalized and had eroded many fundamental freedoms in the society. ASUU‟s establishment in 1978 was mainly driven by the need to address the deterioration of education in the country especially under the military rule but the timing of the formation of the union is also indicative of the fact that it emerged into what was already a highly politicized environment. The paper is a review and an opinion based which assesses the relationship of ASUU with Military and Democratic regimes vis-à-vis the government education policies and the application and or respect for institutional autonomy of universities by various regimes in Nigeria. The paper found that ASUU struggles remained and continue to feature irrespective of the different regimes in Nigeria. It also concludes based on available historical records that the military regimes have had a more preponderance of abuse of universities administrative autonomy in comparison with democratic regimes.

In the present study, different extracts of leaves of Myrica esculenta were prepared and evaluated their membrane stabilizing and antioxidant effects. All extract were tested for presence of phytoconstituents i.e., alkaloid, carbohydrate, sterols, proteins, amino acids, saponin, and phenolic compounds. Membrane stabilizing effect was studied by hypotonic solution induced haemolysis of erythrocyte and Antioxidant activity was studied by DPPH method at a different concentration. From the study, Phytochemical analysis showed that methanol extract was the richest extract for the tested phytoconstituents. Maximum membrane stabilizing activity of leaves of Myrica esculenta showed in Methanol extract (61.11±1.10) at a concentration of 1000 μg/ml in comparison to standard drug aspirin. From antioxidant studies, methanol extract showed maximum antioxidant activity (91.36±1.27) at a concentration of 1000 μg/ml than other extract and comparison to standard drug ascorbic acid. From above studies it could be concluded that methanol extract showed maximum membrane stabilizing and antioxidant activities.

Stress is a stimulus or a stressful situation. If the situation is a stressful job situation, then stress on work can be caused by several factors, including workload and working conditions. The ICU nurse must monitor the patient's critical condition carefully and continuously. Hospitals are one form of health facilities, both organized by the government and society that serves to make efforts of basic health or referral health and supporting health efforts. Hospitals in carrying out their functions are expected to pay attention to social functions in providing health services to the community. ICU is one of the work environment that has high-stress tendency. It is possible since ICU nurses are exposed to patients with unsafe mental conditions, requiring particular attention for 24 hours/day. This condition requires greater physical energy with special nursing care as well. Also, critical patients demand the speed and accuracy of performing actions that are not always required in other nursing situations. Another opinion says that inadequate knowledge and skills are seen as a stress source of ICU nurses. A nurse in charge of ICU performs three main tasks, life support, monitoring the patient's condition and preventing possible complications. The type of research is observational with the quantitative approach, while the research design used is cross-sectional that is by examining the dependent variable, free and variable between simultaneously. With a sample of nurses 11 people. Data analysis method by univariate analysis and bivariate analysis. The workload of nurses who work in the ICU area of the majority "Medium" are five people (45.5%). The working conditions of nurses working in ICU areas of the majority "Medium and Hard" are four people (36.4%). The stress levels the work of nurses working in the ICU area of the majority "Medium" are five people (45.5%). There is Workload Relation with Stress Level of Respondent in ICU is p <0,05 (p = 0.032), no Relation of Working Condition with Stress Level Respondent in ICU Year 2017 is p> 0.05 (p = 0.775). The hospital has to give counseling, education and training of emergency and the use of supporting tools available in ICU room so that they can anticipate the obstacles faced during the working period.

Tuberculosis of the temporalis muscle is a rare clinical entity. Diagnosis is difficult because there are no specific clinical, radiological or biological signs of the disease. Only bacteriological and histopathological findings can confirm the diagnosis. Treatment is based on anti-tuberculous drugs and allows usually a favourable evolution. The aim of this paper is to report a case of primary tuberculosis of the temporalis muscle in a 67-year-old female, and to stress the corresponding diagnostic pitfalls.

In this present study minimum inhibitory concentration of Moxifloxacin hydrochloride is determined by using cup plate method. Moxifloxacin Hydrochloride belongs to fourth generation fluoroquinolone antibiotic which is effective against both gram positive and gram negative microorganisms. Since moxifloxacin hydrochloride is a broad spectrum antibiotic Staphylococcus aureus and Escherichia coli is selected as test organisms. Serial dilution of Moxifloxacin Hydrochloride were made in the concentration ranging from 5000 µg/ml to 2.43µg/ml. Minimum inhibitory concentration of Moxifloxacin Hydrochloride was found out at 312.5µg/ml when seeded with S aureus and 19.5µg/ml when seeded with E coli

Legal opinion to protect the society and juvenile offenders is important from social aspect. Bad boy or bad girl labelled towards the juvenile in the rehabilitation centre should be scrapped because it is tantamount to killing the hopes and indirectly makes them thinking that they are useless. The ultimate outcome of this vicious cycle may trap them in constant negativity and poverty even for their entire lifetime, unemployment and periodic incarceration, dependency for substance abuse, and failure to maintain societal norms. The purposes of this study is to review planning and career prospects for juvenile and develop a model for the future of juvenile delinquency career. Methods of quantitative and qualitative studies will be used in the study. All survey data will be analyzed using the Statistical Package for the Social Science (IBM SPSS) software, while the interviews will be analyzed using Nvivo.

Abstract: Vesico-uterine fistula (VUF) is an uncommon urogenital fistula. Menouria is an important clinical feature of this fistula. A case report of VUF following cesarean sections is reported. There were several investigations done to arrive at a diagnosis of VUF. This case was successfully managed by surgical repair. One year following the repair she conceived and currently she is ten weeks of pregnant. VUF can be prevented by good surgical techniques.

Fine needle aspiration cytology (FNAC) is a valuable adjuvant to preoperative assessment in patients with salivary tumors. The study aimed at studying the cytological features of benign and malignant salivary gland tumors, improving the diagnostic accuracy by using immunocytochemistry and correlating it with histopathology. A total of 46 salivary gland tumors including twenty three cases each of benign and malignant tumors with available histology were included in the study. We studied 23 benign tumors, Pleomorphic Adenoma comprised 86.7% of all benign tumors and rest three cases were diagnosed as Warthin’s tumors. Positive correlation with histology was obtained in 95% in Pleomorphic adenoma and 100% in Warthin’s tumors. Twenty three malignant salivary gland tumors comprised 11 Mucoepidermoid carcinoma,10 Adenoid cystic and 2 Acinic Cell Carcinoma. Positive cytohistological correlation was established in eight out of eleven Mucoepidermoid carcinoma (Diagnostic Accuracy=72.7%) and all cases of Adenoid cystic and Acinic cell carcinoma. Diagnostic accuracy of FNAC for malignant tumors was 95.65%. Our study shows that FNAC is a highly sensitive and specific technique for diagnosis of salivary gland tumors. Immunocytochemistry can act as adjuvant in diagnosing salivary gland tumors, however it did not help in improving the diagnostic accuracy of FNAC in our study .Kappa value of 0.88 in our study indicated an excellent agreement between typing of salivary gland tumors on FNAC and histopathology

This cross-sectional, community-based study was conducted in the area of the Urban Health Training Centre of a municipal medical college, located about 30 kms from Mumbai (India). The participants were 57 females (mean age: 63.91±8.91 years) and and 47 males (mean age: 62.13±10.16 years) with type-2 diabetes mellitus for five or more years preceding the study period but who did not have symptoms related to complications of diabetes mellitus, who gave written informed consent. The participants were interviewed using a semi-structured questionnaire. Their records of follow-up pattern were correlated with the occurrence of manifestations suggestive of early onset of common and morbid complications. Nine participants revealed maternal history of diabetes mellitus while four had a paternal history. 35 females and 38 males had no other diabetic in their families, while four patients revealed that three or more of their family members were affected. 55 (52.88%) were asymptomatic. Among the symptomatic, the complaints were weakness (18.27%), spells of fainting or giddiness (11.54%), loss of body weight (7.69%), polyuria and polydipsia (7.69%). The gender difference in the mean body mass index was statistically significant (Z=2.348; p=0.019) while that for mean systolic (Z=0.942; p=0.3472), diastolic blood pressure (Z=0.596; p=0.549), mean fasting (Z=0.399; p=0.689) and post-prandial blood sugar levels (Z=1.364; p=0.174) was not significant. As per available medical records and responses given by participants to the questionnaire, regular follow-ups were inadequate and a significant proportion was not on specific anti-diabetic medications

Abstract: The most common gynaecological malignancy is the Cancer of the cervix and it is the second most frequent cancer in women worldwide. Cancer of the cervix is one of the commonest gynecological cancers in Sri Lanka. The squamous cell carcinoma (SCC) is the predominant histologic type of cervical cancer seen across the globe. This retrospective Hospital based study was conducted for five and a half years period. During this period 508 cervical specimens were taken for analysis. A total of 52 cases of cancerous lesions of uterine cervix were undertaken in the department of pathology for this study. Remaining lesions were benign. There were 508 cervical tissue specimens were analysed during this period. Only 52 were malignant and remains were benign. Majority of cervical cancers were met during (96.2%) cervical biopsy either punch or cone biopsy. Patients’ ages ranged from 29-77 years with peak age incidence of cancer was 50-59 years. Majority of patients (36.5%) presented with per vaginal whitish discharge and it is followed by (32.7%) irregular/excessive per vaginal bleeding. Squamous cell carcinoma was the most common histological type; followed by adenocarcinoma 11.5%, and other1.9% infrequent tumour subtypes. According to Broder’s grading system, moderately and poorly differentiated at the time of initial diagnosis and constituting cases as20%,71.1%) and8.9% respectively. During the study period and SCC is the commonest histological type. Most of the women presented late. Therefore public health must be reinforced to detect them in premalignant stage through regular PAP smear programme. Further when women present with abnormal menstruation always to visualize the cervix with speculum examination suspicious lesion need biopsy. There is a need to establish a rational and organized national and local screening program to reduce the prevalence of cancer of the cervix in our community.

This is an award-winning study of its kind first time conducted in the rural areas of Indore Madhya Pradesh with the aim of evaluating the subclinical morbidity and mortality pattern of the chronic hematological and neurological effect of organophosphate pesticide exposure in children of farmers. Poison is any substance which if introduced into the living body could cause ill health or death. Among children, the commonest culprits include kerosene, pesticides, household chemicals, drugs. In rural areas of developing countries, children of agricultural workers have high probabilities for exposure to OP pesticides. This puts them at an increased risk of damage. A community-based cross-sectional study was carried out in 64 children aged 7-14 years in adjoining villages of khudel, Indore, Madhya Pradesh. Various neurological symptoms like muscarinic (diarrhea, urinary incontinence, lacrimation, excessive salivation), nicotinic (tremors, muscle weakness, tachycardia) and general symptoms (a headache, insomnia, numbness in legs, fatigue, anorexia, nausea, vomiting, dizziness, lethargy) were assessed by doing a clinical examination. Exposure index (EI) was calculated by multiplying the number of hours exposed to OP pesticides and the number of years of exposure. Various CBC parameters, metabolic panel (liver function test, kidney function test, FPG, vitamin B 12, electrolyte level) were calculated. The statistical evaluation was done using SPSS version 24.0 analysis of variance (ANOVA).

A polyherbal suspension was formulated from the extracts of roots of Cyperus rotundus (CRR) and leaves of Azadirachta indica (AIL) and Bryophyllum pinnatum (BPL). The suspension had very good redispersibility and was very stable without agglomeration, caking or microbial growth. Study of diuretic activity was done on individual plant extract as well as formulation. There was a significant increase in the volume of urine and electrolytes Na+, K+, Cl- which was similar to the standard drug furosemide. The formulation had much better activity as compared to the individual drug extracts which may be due to the synergistic effect of the herbs used. There was no significant change in pH. The loss in electrolytes Na+, K+, Cl- may lead to a reduction in supersaturation of calcium in urine thereby preventing the formation of kidney stone. The PHF have good diuretic activity and can be used to reduce hypertension, kidney problems and urolithiasis.

Snakebite is a major socio-medical problem affecting many communities globally, especially African and Asian countries. It is still depending on the usage of antisera as the major source of treatment, which has its limitations. In many rural communities, health care facilities are inadequate and victims of snakebites mostly depend on traditional healers for herbal antidotes as an alternative treatment. This review has focused on the mechanisms of action of the animal derived anivenoms (antisera or antivenins) as well as those derived from plant resources (phyto-antivenoms). Antigen-antibody reaction is the basic mechanism of snake venom neutralization by the antivenins, but for the phyto-antivenoms, there are many hypotheses proposed on how the herbal compounds neutralize the toxic venom constituents. These include; protein precipitation, enzyme inactivation, chelation activity, adjuvant action, antioxidant activity, combination of these activities, etc. The review might be a stepping stone in establishing an effective and widely acceptable future therapy against snakebite treatment and management

Aminoglycosides antibiotics have been in use for a long time. They are bactericidal in nature and are used to treat infections by Gram-negative bacteria. Studies have revealed their dangerous effect on human body that is the Ototoxicity. Aminoglycosides-induced ototoxicity has resulted in permanent hearing loss. Different agents are being examined for their activity against aminoglycosides-induced ototoxicity. These agents govern mostly on the principle of antioxidant capacity