Metrics are an important technique in quantifying desirable software and software development characteristics of aspect oriented software development (AOSD). Theoretical and empirical validation of metrics and of their relation to software attributes is a cumbersome and long process. It is of paramount importance that we validate the utility of metrics we use in order to enable others to use them, too. Aspect oriented programming is an efficient approach to improve the software program at the time of software maintenance for modularizing crosscutting concerns. However, in order to take the advantages of AOP, there is a need for supporting the systematic refactoring of crosscutting concerns to aspects. This paper presents a new cognitive complexity metric namely Cognitive Weighted Number of Children for measuring coupling in Aspect Oriented Software.

The construction industry is a key sector in any economy. Worldwide the sector contributes to the gross domestic product (GDP) and provides employment, yet it encounters many impediments that work against its success. The construction of buildings is a major consumer of energy and natural resources and can negatively affect the environment if the process is not properly managed. Stakeholders in the construction industry have diverse interests which compete against each other and inhibit the achievement of project objectives. The objective of the study was to review existing theoretical and empirical literature on the effect of stakeholder engagement on sustainable construction of building projects. The study reviewed relevant underlying theories and empirical research. The stakeholder theory was identified as key, however, other relevant theories reviewed are contingency theory, systems theory, and sustainable concept. Empirically, a six-step process of stakeholder management was contemplated and the key stakeholders linked with sustainability principles. The key elements of sustainable construction and sustainable performance of construction projects during project life cycle phases was also discussed. These studies address each element independently in detail but fail to provide a link if any between stakeholder management and performance of sustainable construction projects. The sustainability requirements are applicable to all the project lifecycle phases and the stakeholders should participate in all these phases to execute a sustainable building. The findings of the study confirm that there is need to study an empirical model to determine the role of stakeholders in sustainable construction of building projects.

The inadvertent displacement of a tooth or fragment of a tooth into the maxillary sinus during exodontia is not an uncommon experience. Although it is questionable whether such a mishap should be regarded as a dental emergency it is nonetheless a complication which should be treated without undue delay. The purpose of this paper is to discuss a new innovative technique for retrieval of displaced root into the maxillary sinus.

The research was conducted to evaluate effect of different concentrations of IBA on rooting of guava in Fruit Crop Research Program, Horticultural Research Institute (HRI), NARC Islamabad. Semi hard wood cuttings, 5-6’’ in length having 2 to 3 buds, of guava cultivar was taken from about 1 to 1/2 year old uniform guava branches. These cuttings were treated with IBA 4000, 3000, 2000 and 1000 ppm while untreated cuttings were used as control. The greenhouse was equipped with heater and air cooler keeping the temperature at 240C and relative humidity was maintained at 60-70 % during the experiment period. Cuttings were irrigated through mist and the cuttings were planted in experimental pots containing sandy soil. The data was recorded for rooting percentage, number of roots per cuttings, root length per cutting and survival percentage. It was concluded that the cuttings treated with IBA 2000 ppm produced maximum number of roots. While in survival the IBA 2000 ppm is at the top. In all treatment very small difference exist without control treatment in which variation were exist, while in IBA the difference between different parameter were existed.

In developing countries, the sexually transmitted infection is one of top five diseases to which adults seek for medical help. There is an association between common STIs and sexual transmission of HIV. Therefore, control of STIs receives attention to control the spread of HIV. A retrospective study was conducted in Teaching Hospital Batticaloa during the period between 2014 and 2016. A total of 1190 cases were newly registered in STD clinic, of which 317 cases were confirmed to be having STIs. A total of 317 confirmed cases of infection episodes were recorded in all patients attended to STD clinics during this three years. Of which, 96.8% were due to STI and 3.2% due to lower reproductive infections. Among the STIs; genital herpes (22.71; Syphilis (16.71%). gonorrhoea infection 4.41%. Trichomonas vaginalis was 7.25%. During the period of three years only one case of HIV was identified. Hepatitis B infection constitutes to 15.14% stays in order next to Syphilis .bacterial infections shows a decreasing trend while a gradual increase of viral infections is observed. Public health should be strengthened especially use of condom and avoiding sexual contact with unreliable sexual partner in order to control STIs

The purpose of the research is to analyze the effect of internal factors and external factors on the organizational performance in policy making and regulation drafting. The research is a quantitative descriptive study, using primary data sources derived from questionnaires distributed in the organizational scope and secondary data obtained from organizational performance report. The sample used is 61 of the population of 74. The method of data analysis using the test of validity, reliability and multiple regression analysis. The results showed that internal factors and external factors have a significant positive effect on the performance of policy making and regulation drafting. Internal factor is the most influential variable to the performance. Where the internal factors partially affect the organizational performance of 69.4%, where if the internal factor increases one unit, the performance of the organization will increase by 0.387. While external factor have influence equal to 6,9%,, if the external factor increase one unit, the organizational performance will increase equal to 0,193.

We present a rare entity of incidentally detected microscopic thymoma in the thymectomy specimen of a female with early onset myasthenia gravis. The thymus was of normal size radiologically and macroscopically. Histological sections examined show multifocal tiny thymic epithelial proliferation suggestive of microscopic thymoma. Microscopic thymomas are rare tumours and less than 20 cases have been reported worldwide

The acronym CHARGE is used to describe specific congenital birth defects in children: Colobomata, Heart defect, Atresia of the choanae, Retarded growth or development, Genital hypoplasia, and Ear anomalies or deafness. To confirm a diagnosis of CHARGE association, the presence of at least four of these six abnormalities is sufficient

The skin is the largest organ in the body. A multitude of diseases are linked to an insufficient or overactive dermal vasculature. Vessels change their phenotype,i.e. vascular remodelling in inflammatory conditions. The aim of this study was to analyse the dermal vascular alterations in various inflammatory skin diseases & to assess their utility in establishing the differential diagnosis. A unicenter study of 55 (fifty five) skin biopsies received from patients of various non tumorous common inflammatory skin diseases such as, psoriasis, lichen planus, erythema multiform, blistering (bullous) lesions and 10 control samples were studied. Morphometric analysis was performed on CD 34 immunostained sections using image analysis software (Leica Q Win V3 software analysis system). Mean vascular density (MVD) and mean vascular calibre (MVC) was calculated. The MVD was maximum in psoriasis, followed by lichen planus, bullous lesions and erythema multiform. MVD in psoriasis was significantly higher than the controls. MVC was highest in psoriasis followed by erythema multiform, lichen planus and bullous lesions. The MVC in psoriasis, erythema multiform, lichen planus, bullous lesions were significantly higher than the controls. Elongated, tortuous blood vessels were more prominent in psoriasis. The endothelial changes noted were swelling in the form of nuclear hypertrophy, increased cytoplasm and endothelial gaps. Angiogenesis was increased in inflammatory skin diseases and it was highest in psoriasis. Therefore, therapeutic intervention at the level of vasoproliferation may prove to be useful.

This cross-sectional study aims to find out incidence and severity of stress among undergraduate male and female medical students and explore its association with Body mass index (BMI). A total of 523 young healthy males and females (19- 22 yrs) were categorized as normal, overweight and obese based on their BMI. The level of stress was determined among the participants using PSS-14 questionnaire. Majority of the male participants were found to be overweight with an average BMI 26.95±0.34 while average BMI noted in females was 23.66±1.25. Around 36% of these undergraduate medical students were found to be stressed with average stress score of 26.09± 0.51. In fact among overweight males incidence of stress was 33.66%. However, female subjects showed an increase in percentage prevalence of 94.12% in obese category. Interestingly stress score both in male and females showed a rising trend with maximum in obese being 26.09±0.51 in males and 32.53±1.73 in females. The level of stress was significantly different between obese male and obese females (P<0.00027). Statistically significant correlation (P<0.05) is observed between stress vs. BMI, Stress vs. Weight, Stress vs. Waist Circumference (WC) and stress vs. Hip circumference (HC) in the overweight females. The occurrence and severity of stress is found greater in female undergraduates.

This study was carried out to evaluate the antimicrobial activity of hexane, chloroform, ethyl acetate and water extracts of six marine macroalgae belonging to different families namely green algae (Chlorophyceae), brown algae (Phaeophyceae) and the red algae (Rhodophyceae) collected from the intertidal area of the Sudanese Red Sea coast near Port Sudan. Successive extraction techniques using hexane, chloroform, ethyl acetate and water were used for extracting the active principles of the algae and the disc-diffusion method was performed to examine the activity of the crude extracts against four pathogenic bacteria and one fungus. Most of the tested algal extracts exhibited considerable bioactivity and inhibited the growth of most of pathogenic microorganisms under investigation. The chloroform extract of the red alga Gracillaria sp produced a maximum inhibition zone of 22 mm against Escherichia coli whereas the chloroform extract of the red alga Laurencia papillosa showed a low antimicrobial activity with a minimum inhibition zone of 5 mm against Bacillus subtilis.

HIV/AIDS is a serious challenge for the developing as well as the developed world. Globally, 35.0 million (33.2–37.2 million) people were living with HIV at the end of 2013. [1] Although many HIV‑infected individuals avoid risky behaviours, still substantial numbers of HIV‑infected persons, continue to engage in HIV transmission risk behaviours. To find out the Socio-Demographic, Behavioural characteristics and Clinical profile of People (Males more than 15 years) Living with HIV/AIDS (PLHA). An institutional based cross sectional study was carried out among People (male >15 years) living with HIV /AIDS (PLHA) attending Anti Retro Viral Therapy (ART) Centre of Calcutta School of Tropical Medicine (CSTM) for 12 months from May 2012 to April 2013. A predesigned and pretested schedule was used as study tool to collect required information. Maximum population (40.5%) belong to the age group 31-40 years followed by 24.1% in 41-50 years. Majority had coital debut at the age of 26-30 years (35.9%). First sexual partner among 41.7% was female commercial sex worker; 74.4% participants were not into monogamous relationship. More than half of study population (51.1%) were currently sexually active and 55.36 % of currently sexually active participant consistently used condom. Majority of the study population suffered from tuberculosis (28.2%) followed by candidiasis (24.5%). PLHA should be trained on safe sex strategy, correct and consistent use of condom among themselves & their partner as well as maintaining monogamous relationship. More involvement of Community Care centre to reinforce, care and counselling, support of PLHA against Opportunistic infection will reduce their poor health burden. IEC activities to promote value based lifestyle with reducing vulnerabilities among PLHA and creating a strong network among PLHA will prevent such harmful behaviour

Buildings in hot countries experience significant amount of heat gain through windows and this affects the thermal comfort of buildings' occupants. The proposed glazing is specially designed to reduce the electricity consumption for lighting and cooling. The optical properties of the glazing have been optimized by using rigorous coupled-wave analysis method. The glazing consists of ITO and four periodic pairs of Si/SiO2, deposited on a glass sheet. The fabrication of the glazing and the testing has been performed at the laboratories of the Faculty of Science, University of Witwatersrand, South Africa. Magnetron sputtering technique has been used for the fabrication. The optimum thicknesses of ITO, Si and SiO2, obtained from the simulation and the experimental work, are 0.1 μm, 0.15 and o.4 μm, respectively. The glazing transmits 70-80% of the visible light and reflects almost all the infrared radiation.

Metastasis of unknown primary origin (MUPO) account for 2–3 % of all malignancies in Western countries and represent a heterogeneous, often aggressive, and clinically challenging group of tumors with early metastatic dissemination for which a standardized diagnostic workup initially fails to identify the site of origin at the time of diagnosis. In the following chapter, we review the possibilities and challenges of tissue-based conventional as well as immunohistochimical procedures to categorize this heterogeneous group of neoplasms. We describe the role of pathology in MUPO diagnosis as part of a multidisciplinary effort primarily involving oncologists, surgeons, radiologists, and pathologists with the ultimate goal to aid in clinical reasoning and decision making.

The aim of this study is to analyze the relationships of the knowledge about environment, member’s participation on environment preservation, and member’s capacity to manage environment with the environment perspective of cooperatives’ members. This study was carried out at the ranch area in Leuwiliang, Bogor (2003) with 70 respondents selected by multi stage random sampling. Respondents are ranchers and the members of cooperative. The data were analyzed using simple regression, multiple regressions, simple correlation, and multiple correlations. The study reveals that there are positive relationships between: (1) the knowledge about environment with the environment perspective of cooperatives’ members, (2) member’s participation on environment preservation with the environment perspective of cooperatives’ members, (3) members capacity to manage environment with the environment perspective of cooperatives’ members, and (4) the knowledge about environment, members participation on environment preservation, and members capacity to manage environment, with the environment perspective of cooperatives’ members.