Staphylococcus aureus is a common bacterium that affects humans and causes several syndromes and infections with fast evolution which can endanger the patient's life. Investigate the incidence of nasal carriers of S. aureus among graduation nursing students who attends to the hospital for at least one year. 122 samples from the nasal cavities were analyzed. The identification of the bacteria was performed by conventional bacteriological methods. The antimicrobial susceptibility tests were performed using the BioMerieux Vitek system in the Bacteriology Laboratory of the Brazilian Army Biology Institute - IBEx. Of the 122 examined students, 51 were carriers of S. aureus, corresponding to a prevalence of 41.8%. The results demonstrated that nursing students who attend the hospital environment are more susceptible to carry S. aureus antibiotic-resistant strains. We suggest periodic medical exams to these students for appropriated antibiotic therapy and adopt precautionary measures in order to avoid the interpersonal transmission of the bacteria in the relationship with health professionals and patients at the hospital environment

Grain starch in general has wide array of applications in industry, food preparation, paper surface coating and textiles. Many of the important functional properties of starch including the emulsion capacity, water and oil absorption, least gelation concentration and foaming capacity can be substantially improved from physical and chemical modifications. In this review, current and advances in grain starch modification technology was examined and the functional properties compared with the unmodified sample. Chemical modifications such as crosslinking starch granules with variety of cross-linkers such as citric acid improved the functional properties of acha starch significantly. The least gelation concentration (LGC) increased from 6% to 8% and the pasting viscosity also decreased to 25Cp Other chemical modification techniques examined include oxidation and acid treatment or mild hydrolysis. Several starch oxidizing agents were reviewed and the effect of sodium hypochlorite (3% active chlorine) on acha starch was compared to the native starch. Oxidation further reduced the pasting viscosity of native sample from 30Cp to 20Cp whilst the least gelation concentration was also reduced to 6%. Acid treatment affected the pasting viscosity of acha starch substantially (15Cp) whilst the LGC increased to 14%. The scanning electron microscopy (SEM) of modified samples showed effects on starch granule morphology

Excess free-radical formation has been hypothesized to contribute to cancer, atherosclerosis, aging, and exercise-associated muscle damage. Antioxidant supplements such as vitamin C, vitamin E, and beta-carotene have been touted as beneficial for enhancing exercise performance and for preventing certain diseases. Before physicians routinely recommend supplements to prevent exercise-associated damage, more study will be required. Recommendations for the prevention of cardiovascular disease and cancer are more complex. Because study results have been contradictory, individual supplement recommendations must be offered with caution. Physicians must be cognizant of which supplements patients are taking and be prepared to discuss risks and benefits. The most beneficial prescription is probably a daily diet containing five to seven servings of fruits and vegetables..Muscular exercise promotes the production of radicals and other reactive oxygen species in the working muscle. Growing evidence indicates that reactive oxygen species are responsible for exercise-induced protein oxidation and contribute to muscle fatigue. To protect against exercise-induced oxidative injury, muscle cells contain complex endogenous cellular defence mechanisms (enzymatic and non-enzymatic antioxidants) to eliminate reactive oxygen species. Furthermore, exogenous dietary antioxidants interact with endogenous antioxidants to form a cooperative network of cellular antioxidants. Knowledge that exercise-induced oxidant formation can contribute to muscle fatigue has resulted in numerous investigations examining the effects of antioxidant supplementation on human exercise performance. To date, there is limited evidence that dietary supplementation with antioxidants will improve human performance. Furthermore, it is currently unclear whether regular vigorous exercise increases the need for dietary intake of antioxidants. Clearly, additional research that analyses the antioxidant requirements of individual athletes is needed

The objective of the study was to observe the various clinical features, histopathological and immunofluorescence findings in patients with autoimmune vesiculobullous disorders. The overall M: F ratio of autoimmune vesiculobullous disorders in the study was 1: 1.4. Trunk was the most common site of involvement in all types of autoimmune vesiculobullous disorders. Overall trunk was the most common site of onset of lesions in autoimmune vesiculobullous disorders but in pemphigus vulgaris mucosal onset is more common than trunk and extremities. Incidence of autoimmune vesiculobullous disorder was 0.11% of the total number of patients attending the skin OPD. Pemphigus vulgaris constituted the most common subtype of autoimmune vesiculobullous disorder in this study, followed by pemphigus foliaceus. Pemphigus group of diseases were most common in the 4th decade while bullous pemphigoid was most common in the 7th decade. Histopathological examination showed features typical of each subtype of autoimmune vesiculobullous disorder.

The aim of this study was to examine the effect of leadership style, organizational culture, and achievement motivation toward qari’ (man reciter of al-Qur’an) and qari'a (woman reciter of al-Qur’an) organizational commitment at LPTQ (The Institution for the Development of Tilawatil Qur'an) in Riau islands area. This research particularly was conducted separately on three parts of region namely; in the center, Province of Riau Islands (City of Batam); in the western region (Karimun Regency); and in the eastern region (Tanjung Pinang City). Survey method applied in this study along with path analysis used in hypothesis testing. The total of respondents amounted to 204, but only 186 in a number of respondents who returned the sheet of questionnaires. The total respondents for trials were as many as 30 participants. Each region was represented by 10 respondents, Alpha Cronbach formula used in these trials. The results revealed that there were a positive influence and significant: 1) Leadership style on qari' and qari's Organizational Commitment. 2) Organizational Culture on qari' and qari's Organizational Commitment. 3) Significant Leadership style on Achievement Motivation. 4) Leadership style, Organizational Culture on Achievement Motivation. 5) Leadership style, Organizational Culture and Achievement Motivation towards qari’ and qari'a Organizational Commitment in Riau Islands. The study concluded that: There were direct influences of leadership style, organizational culture and achievement motivation towards the organizational commitment of qari’ and qaria’. Based on the calculation of path analysis obtained Fobtained (24,69) > Ftable (2.67). So H0 was rejected and Hi was accepted. It meant that the style of leadership, organizational culture, and achievement motivation gave a significant influence on the commitment of the qari and qari’a organization.

Abstract: The purpose of the study was to find out the effect of specific training on cholesterol among university hockey players. To achieve this purpose of the study, thirty men hockey players were selected as subjects who were from the various faculties, Annamalai University, Annamalainagar. The selected subjects were aged between 19 to 24 years. They were divided into two equal groups of fifteen each, Group I underwent specific training and Group II acted as control that did not participate in any special training apart from their regular sports and games practices. The subjects were tested on selected criterion variable such as cholesterol prior to any immediately after the training period. The selected criterion variable such as cholesterol was to assess body fat monitor. The analysis of covariance (ANCOVA) was used to find out the significant differences if any, between the experimental group and control group on selected criterion variable. The 0.05 level of confidence was fixed to test the significance, which was considered as an appropriate. The result of the present study has revealed that there was a significant difference among the experimental and control group on cholesterol.

India is a tropical country where skin diseases like fungal infections, pyoderma, acne, scabies etc. are very common. A large number of dermatological preparations are available in Indian market but studies on the price variation between commonly used topical brands are lacking. Hence the present study was carried out to obtain information on the price variation among different brands of anti-infective, anti-acne & analgesic topical preparations present in India. Information about dosage forms and prices of different brands of commonly used topical preparations was obtained from Current Index of Medical Specialties & Drug Update. Number of brands, percentage price variation, cost ratio etc for various drugs and combinations were calculated. There were total 206 brands manufactured by 52 different pharmaceutical companies of 35 drugs, out of which 24 showed more than 50% cost variation. Largest price variations were seen with mupirocin 2% cream (408.33 %), tazarotene 0.05% gel (183.8%) and diclofenac diethylammonium 1% gel (650 %) in single drug categories & gentamicin 0.1% + clobetasol 0.05% cream (308.82 %) among all fixed dose combinations. Least variation was observed for salicylic acid 2% foam (4.76 %) and terbinafine 1% + ofloxacin 0.75% + ornidazole 2% + clobetasol 0.05% cream (5.69 %). Cost of drugs play a crucial role in treatment outcome by directly influencing the patient compliance. Hence, it is essential to train physicians about cost variations among different brands available in the market so that they can reduce financial burden of patients without compromising the effectiveness of therapy.

A simple, precise and gradient RP- HPLC method has been developed and validated for Aciclovir raw and in tablet formulation. The proposed method was validated to obtain official requirements including accuracy, linearity, precision, selectivity and stability. The estimation was developed on C(18) column reversed-phase using the mobile phase composition as Phosphate buffer: methanol in the ratio (60:40 %. v/v). 1ml /minute was the flow rate and the maximum absorption were observed at 290 nm using Shimadzu SPD-20A Prominence UV-Vis detector. Aciclovir showed a precise and good linearity, the concentration range was 5-25 μg/mL. The RP-HPLC, assay showed the highest purity ranging 99.59 to 100.97% for Acyclovir tablet formulation. 100.19 % was the mean percentage purity. The Aciclovir retention time was found to be 3.01 minutes. The method accuracy was showed by statistical analysis.

Calcitonin is a sensitive tumor marker for medullary thyroid cancer and is useful in preoperative diagnosis and postoperative surveillance for recurrent disease. Rare cases of medullary carcinomas with a normal or undetectable calcitonin levels have been reported in the literature. We present the case of a 46-year-old woman with a metastatic thyroid carcinoma non-secreting calcitonin

Medicated soaps for external uses are necessary to avoid related infections or diseases caused by some microorganisms. In the present study, four medicated soaps: Dettol, Protex, Dermoviva, and AB+ were investigated for their antimicrobial activities against Staphylococcus aureus, Pseudomonas aeruginosa, Escherichia coli, Salmonella sp and Candida albicans. Marseille soap was used as control. The antimicrobial effectiveness of selected medicated soaps was determined using paper disc and well methods. Soaps tested in the present research work showed varied levels of activity against the tested microbes. Among them, AB+ was the most active product, while Protex showed the lowest activity against the tested organisms’ species.

The purpose of the study was to establish the extent to which school feeding programmes influence performance of learners in primary school education in Baringo County. The study concludes that feeding programs enhance pupil’s participation in class assignment duties and discussion. There are only a few meals provided during the day hence pupil do not fully participate in class work rendering to low performance, the healthy pupils in the center are always active and perform well in the exam and a feeding program is important than other factors towards the improved performance. The findings of this study may be of use to the various primary schools for it would assist them understand better the issues related to school feeding programmes. This would see school managers in the various centres provide learners with balanced feeding programs and create awareness to parents on its importance to proper learning and holistic development of their children. The study would also go a long way to helping the government in making relevant policy to safeguard the wellbeing of primary school learners by providing well-balanced feeding programs to these centres as well as budgetary allocation to the same.

This study examines the pattern of stock returns in the Indonesian stock market. Using the GARCH (1, 1) model, the study investigates the effects of day-ofthe-week, month-of-the-year and monthly on the daily return series from January 2003 to August 2008. The study also examines the combined effect of the three anomalies. Overall, stock returns are found to be lower at the beginning of the week but closed higher by the end of the week. The stock returns are also found to be lower during the first quarter of the year but they register higher returns throughout the remaining months of the year, particularly towards the end of the year. The stock returns consistently produced significant positive returns on Wednesday throughout the month of April and May. Although evidence of significant positive returns is also found on other days within certain months, they do not prevail throughout the entire month. They are confined either to the first or second half of the month. The presence of seasonal effects in the Indonesian stock market indicates that market participants have the chance of making significant returns when trading on the specific days of the months. However, the abnormal gains are subject to the transaction cost which is not accounted for in this study.

Dermatoglyphics is the branch of science concerned with the study of prints on the fingers, palm, soles, and feet. This branch of science is an offshoot of anatomical sciences. Dermatoglyphics as an aspect of science has been studied widely by lots of ardent researchers and have been used to solve lots of problems relating to peoples’ identity and ancestry. Although, dermatoglyphics can be studied at three levels (1, 2, and 3) only level 1 (arches, loops, and whorls) have been explored. 99.9% of the works on dermatoglyphics is at level 1 but no Nigerian indigenous works have been done at level 2 (bifurcations, trifurcations, bridges, ridge ending, enclosures, dots, opposed bifurcations, double bifurcations, island etc). This raises the question, what about level 2 and 3 study? There exist a large vacuum at level 2 dermatoglyphics which should be filled by researchers especially indigenous authors which will help create database for level 2 details in Nigerian population. This to large extent could be used to solve problems relating to ancestral origin which has become an issue in most African populations especially Nigeria. This review serves to help provide a step by step procedure to doing a study on dermatoglyphics at level 2 in Nigerian indigenous populations and Africa at large. The review of papers on this subject serves to expose the gap in this area as compared to the several works done at level 1 and to spore researchers to do more studies on this subject to raise an indigenous data bank for Nigerian populations

Employees are the major drivers of any form of business and good employee performance is the most important need for the current competitive business environment to run successfully. Many organisations have started to attach a great emphasis towards the attitudes of workers towards the various instruments they use for performance appraisals. Performance Management and Performance Appraisal are very important tools; it helps to motivate employees to work hard and improves overall company’s productivity. The need to design instruments that motivate the employees through the entire of performance management process cannot be overemphasized.

Ankylosing spondylitis and rheumatoid arthritis are the most common chronic inflammatory rheumatism. Their localization at the level of the hip stresses severely the functional prognosis. We report a retrospective series of 40 total hip prostheses performed in 32 patients with inflammatory coxitis, collected in the Traumatology and Orthopedics Department at the Mohammed V Military Hospital in Rabat between 2008 and 2016. The average age at the time of the intervention was 42 years with a clear male predominance. All patients were followed in consultation with a clinical and paraclinical examination. Coxitis following ankylosing spondylitis is the most frequently encountered in our series (65.6%). The rating of Postel Merle d'Aubigné was used to assess the functional status of the hip before and after surgery. The total hip prosthesis was cementless in 37 cases and cemented in 03 cases. The clinical results for the 32 patients after a mean follow-up of 04 years were very satisfactory in (88%) of the cases. The objective of this study is to evaluate our functional results and to show the interest of total hip arthroplasty in this type of pathology, in order to improve the quality of life of these often young patients