Medication carrier systems are delineated as definitions intended to exchange a medication to the desirable territory of activity inside the body. Principle part of medication carrier is a proper bearer which shields the medication from fast degradation or clearance and along these lines improves concentration of drugs in the targeted tissues. In light of their biodegradable, biocompatible, and non-immunogenic properties, niosomes are promising nanoscale carriers that are formed by self-aggregation of non-ionic surfactants and cholesterol in a watery stage. As of late, various researches have been accounted for the capability of niosomes to fill in as a bearer for the conveyance of various kinds of medications. Niosomes make better substance and strength conditions other than lipid vesicles. Niosomes have been generally assessed for controlled discharge and focused on conveyance for the treatment of malignancy, viral contaminations and other microbial sicknesses. In this sense, the present work means to audit the principle niosomal approaches utilized for relationship of various medications and the fundamental accomplishments from utilizing this innovation

Cancer not only affects the physical body of the individual, but also the mind. Psychological Adjustment could be named as psychosocial adaptation and it is an ongoing process. The survivor who has optimum psychological adjustment manages his or her distress and problems well which helps them to manage the life events. It is a continuing process accompanied by multiple coping strategies. How the individual is trying to use the resources such as resiliency, support from the significant members in life, intra and inter personal relationships makes a lot of difference in how they cope. This research is an attempt to know those factors which helps the survivors to cope better in their life.

In Kenya, following the promulgation of the new constitution, county governments are implementing most policies and priorities in accordance with national development agenda. As a labour intensive enterprise, county governments require quality employees as it directly relates to how well the county performs. This paper investigates how county governments can utilize a combination of recruitment and selection practices, person organization fit and employment policies for improved employee performance. The study findings pointed that recruitment and selection practices, person organization fit and employment policies such as equal employment opportunity have a direct significant influence on employee performance at 5% level. However, the interaction among the factors (recruitment/selection practices, person organization fit and employment policies) does not influence employee performance. This study recommends that county governments should enhance their recruitment and selection process through better human resource planning, adopt appropriate organizational culture that can attract intended employees and job characteristics. Improvement of information provided during recruitment process, their ability to gauge employee job competencies and fairness of their selection in order to improve employee performance. In addition, efforts by county governments to accurately estimate the person-organization fit of their prospective employees and promote fair employment policies such as equal employment opportunities is critical because it influences employee performance.

Spinal tuberculosis (pott’s disease) is a common manifestation of extrapulmonary tuberculosis. Spinal langerhans cell histiocytois is also a granulomatous condition which can resemble pott’s disease in many aspects.In the tropics where pott’s disease is common, diagnosis of spinal langerhans cell histiocytois may be masked. We describe a case of recurrent langerhans cell histiocytosis with a long lag period whereas the first presentation was compatible with spinal langerhans cell histiocytosis on retrospective analysis. This case highlights the importance of high index suspicion of langerhans cell histiocytois in the tropical medicine.

Pancytopenia is the simultaneous presence of anaemia, leucopenia and thrombocytopenia. The etiology ranging from non-neoplastic, neoplastic to fatal leukemias. The management and prognosis depends both on the severity of pancytopenia and on the nature of underlying etiology. Thus identification of cause is the key to appropriate management. To study the clinical presentations, diagnosis and evaluation of various causes of pancytopenia by hematological parameters including bone marrow aspiration. It was prospective study. One hundred and fifty cases of Pancytopenia evaluated clinically with hematological parameters and bone marrow aspiration in a Yashoda hospital, Malakpet, Hyderabad, during period of January 2014 to February 2017. Out of 150 cases, age of patients ranged from 2 to 85 years with a mean age of 43 years. There was male preponderance. Fever and generalized weakness was common clinical presentation. The commonest physical finding was pallor and splenomegaly on systemic examination. The commonest peripheral smear was dimorphic picture & commonest bone marrow finding was hypercellular marrow with megaloblastic erythroid hyperplasia. The commonest cause for pancytopenia was Megaloblastic anemia (34%) followed by Hematolymphoid malignancy (26.6%). This study showed that clinical history, detail primary hematological investigations along with bone marrow aspiration, biopsy imprint in cytopenia patients are helpful to diagnose and to rule out the causes of pancytopenia. Megaloblastic anemia is commonest cause of pancytopenia in most indian and continent studies. Present study also shows increase in incidance of HLH (Hemophagocytic lymphohistiocytosis) and MDS are among emerging causes of pancytopenia and nutritional diet rich in vit B12 and folic acid prevents majority cause of pancytopenia in india.

This paper devoted to the results of Helicobacter pylori infection spreading in Uzbekistan, its molecular-genetic characteristics, antibiotic resistance. It is shown that Uzbekistan belongs to the regions with a high degree of infection of the population of the HP. Pathogenic Cag positive bacterial strains were associated with chronic Helicobacter pylori associated gastritis. The resistance of HP to clarithromycin in the region was 13.3%. The effectiveness of the 7-day eradication triple therapy was 65%. Prolongation of the period of eradication therapy to 14 days and the inclusion of a complex of therapies of bismuth preparations allowed increasing the effectiveness of therapy to 95%.

Enteric fevers are a common occurrence in pediatric patients especially in rural and tribal areas where the conditions of sanitation are generally poor. The common causative organisms are gram-negative bacteria Salmonella Typhi and Salmonella Paratyphi A. There is a limited data regarding the burden of the disease in Tribal Adilabad region. With this background, we in the present study tried to evaluate the prevalence of enteric fever in pediatric patients with RIMS Adilabad. Method: The data were collected from the Department of Pediatrics, Rajiv Gandhi Institute of Medical Sciences [RIMS], Adilabad from August-October 2017. All the febrile patients attending the pediatric OPD, Rajiv Gandhi Institute of Media [RIMS] presenting with clinical signs and symptoms of typhoid fever and the fever were lasting for more than 3 days. They were not on antibiotic therapy. A total of [n=66] 34 male and 32 female patients aged 0-14 years were found to have positive cultures for S.typhi. Patients were treated with ceftriaxone IV dosage based on the 100 mg/kg IV 24h for 10-14 days Results: the Most important symptom of typhoid is fever which was seen in all the 66 (100%) of cases involved in the study. The next common symptom was headache in 37 (56.06%) of cases followed by hypotension 22 (33.33%), diarrhea 21(31.81%), Abdominal pain 19 (28.79%), constipation 18 (27.27%), vomiting 14 (21.21 %) and only 7 (10.60%) and 6 (9.0 %) presented with cough and bradycardia. Maximum 45.45% patients get rid of typhoid fever after one week of medication. 22.73% of patients get rid of typhoid fever in two weeks of medication. 9.0% were cleared of infection after 3 weeks of medication. Conclusion: Typhoid fever is common in this group of the population especially in children. Fever, diarrhea and abdominal pain were the major clinical symptoms. No multi-drug resistant S.typhi was found in this population. Increase awareness regarding hygiene maintenance, sanitation and vaccinations in the population is required to reduce the burden of the disease in this area

Xanthogranulomatous inflammation is an unusual destructive chronic inflammatory process that involves various organs & tissues particularly gallbladder (xanthogranulomatous cholecystitis) & kidney (xanthogranulomatous pyelonephritis). Xanthogranulomatous appendicitis (XA) is a rare form of appendiceal inflammation that has been regarded as an unusual healing pattern of appendicitis associated with delayed or interval appendectomy. It poses a significant diagnostic challenge because it can mimic clinically, radiologically, & even pathologically malignant tumors as well as other inflammatory processes of appendix. Little information has been written in the literature regarding this entity. In this review article, data have been collected from all the previously reported cases in the literature including my observation in a XA case I have diagnosed.

There are 10 (ten) intervention villages studied, there are 4 villages located in Muaro Jambi regency such as Rondang Village, Londrang, Rukan and Desa Manis Mato. While 6 (six) villages studied and located in Tanjung Jabung Timur Regency include: Parit Culum Village, Koto Kandis Dendang, Rahayu Catur, Jati Mulyo, Rawa Sari and Dawam Bay Village. The aim of study is to determine the condition of rural land around Londrang peatland, the socioeconomic condition of local villagers, the value income of the villagers associated with the Food and Non Food Poverty Line, and the value of the Community Contingent on the basis of willingness to pay/WTP and willingness to accept/WTA.The data of research were obtained from secondary data collection, followed by primary data collection, visiting villagers to conduct interviews packaged in group discussion activities and direct observation of the socioeconomic phenomena of the villagers.Based on the results of research, it is found that generally have the same livelihood from the agricultural sector. They are still in the primary sector and have not moved in the secondary stage in the form of agricultural processing activities. The economic condition of the villagers in the villages of Tanjung Jabung Regency Timur is relatively better than the economic condition of the villagers in Muaro Jambi Regency. The villagers researched and located in Tanjung Timur Regency are generally transmigration residents, at the same time villagers residing in Muaro Jambi District are local indigenous people with the condition of natural carrying capacity or land between 2 (two) areas in regency also different physical condition. Almost all of the studied villages above the poverty line according to BPS criteria, except for 1 village that is Manis Mato village in Muaro Jambi Regency is still below the poverty line. On average, all villagers still want the value of environmental sustainability, if measured is still from the high value of willingness to accept/WTA compared to willingness to pay/WTP.

Leprosy is a skin disease affecting also the nerves was caused by Mycobacterium leprae. Multidrug therapy (MDT) cures the infection, but immunological reactions may occur and neuropathy may lead to disability and deformity. The current study aimed to understand the immune status of the patient before and after treatment by correlating histological subtype and peripheral blood lymphocyte count. Total number of 35 cases was studied. Blood samples were taken from the patients and complete blood picture was done before instituting the MDT including TLC and DLC. After 6 months of treatment, patients were followed up with complete blood picture. In lepromatous leprosy group (BL+LL) total mean WBC count was increased with 11,414 (range 7,000- 22,600 mm3) above the range of normal limits before treatment. It was in the mean normal range after treatment with 8514 (range 5,900- 11,000mm3). Lymphocyte count has increased after treatment. After the treatment, there is considerable increase in lymphocyte count. It was in the range of 34% to 42% with a mean value of 38.1%.

Attention Deficit Hyperactivity Disorder (ADHD) is a common neuro developmental disorder in children. Most common comorbidity is Disruptive behaviour disorder. Family and social environmental factors are not considered as having etiological role but may exacerbate pre-existing symptoms and genetic or neurological vulnerability. These children are particularly challenging and require intensive intervention to prevent greater morbidity and impairment. This study aims to see whether family adversity is related to ADHD with Conduct disorder. This case –control, cross sectional study was done in a child Guidance clinic of Psychiatry department of R.G Kar Medical College, Kolkata. Children diagnosed as ADHD with co morbid DBD fulfilling the inclusion and exclusion criteria were selected as cases (N=32). Control population was collected from schools of both rural and urban areas who did not have any psychiatric disorder (N =62). The consenting parents of the cases and control were interviewed with a standardized questionnaire named Family Environmental scale (F.E.S). Significant differences were found in all variables. The control group family has shown more cohesion, more acceptance and caring, more expressiveness, more independence, more family organisation and control, enjoyed more active recreational orientation but less family conflict. The cases, ADHD with co morbid ODD or CD have shown high family conflict.

Surgical resection of gall bladder is a common surgery and the most common indication for it, is inflammation. Incidental diagnosis of malignancy in such specimens changes the entire perspective of future management for the patient as gall bladder carcinoma is a malignancy with poor prognosis and high fatality. The aim of the study is to study the clinicopathological to study the clinic pathological correlation of the cholecystectomy specimens received in our pathology laboratory. This was a retrospective study over a period of 2 years from June 2015 to May 2017. The case reports were reviewed and data collected. The age and sex incidence, the presenting complaint with duration, the investigations done, the clinical diagnosis and histological diagnosis were analysed. A total of 200 cases of gall bladder were received in the lab during the study period. About 65% were women and the age group commonly involved was 40 to 60yrs. The most common presenting symptom was right upper quadrant pain. The clinical diagnosis correlated with the histopathological diagnosis in 99% of patients while it was different in two cases (1%). Both the cases were adenocarcinoma of gall bladder diagnosed incidentally during histopathological examination. Though the two patients had had CT done preoperatively, gall bladder malignancy was diagnosed histopathologically only. This stresses the importance of meticulous examination of gall bladder specimens and the importance of examining the surgically resected margins of the gall bladders.

Fasting during the month of Ramadan is one of the five pillars of Islam. During this month, adult Muslims are obligated to refrain from eating and drinking from dawn to dusk. Some of our CKF patients fast the whole month against medical advice, for many raisons (religious or social customs). The aim of our study is to evaluate the impact of fasting on the renal function in this population. We conducted retrospective study of 47 patients (16 females, mean age 61.9 years; 15-85 years) with a eGFR less than 90 ml/min/1.73m2, most had a eGFR less than 60 ml/min/1.73m2. For patients with chronic kidney disease, the existing data in the literature are scarce and give inconclusive results. Patients should be monitored closely by their physicians while fasting. If a sign or symptom of acute tubular necrosis occurred, the fasting should be discontinued

In the work, modeling of the forming process for aluminum detail was carried out. As a detail, "Pen" is chosen for which the material AK6M2 is determined, taking into account its physico-chemical properties. In the beginning, a 3D detail model is constructed, using the SolidWorks program. Then in the program Nova Flow, entire process of filling the mold in real time, rate of filling the mold cavity with metal, hardening time of the casting was determined. The temperature change dynamics of the casting after filling the mold is investigated. Possible nodes are susceptible to formation of shrinkage shells.

Phytomedicines are becoming more popular in the world for their ability to cure diseases with less toxicity and better therapeutic efficacy. Herbal medicines may also have disadvantages of poor bioavailability, toxicity, stability issues and patient compliance. In order to minimize these problems various drug delivery systems such as liposomes, phytosomes, niosomes, ethosomes and trasferosomes etc are being developed for phytomedicines. Novel drug delivery systems can improve bioavailability of drug that refers to the existence of drugs in the body part where they are actually needed. Ethosomes are noninvasive flexible vesicular carriers that enable the drugs to permeate through the deeper layers of skin and systemic circulation. They are mainly composed of phospholipids, high concentration of ethanol and water. As ethanol is known for its disturbance of skin lipid bilayer arrangement; therefore, inclusion of ethanol into a vesicular membrane provides the ability of vesicle to permeate through the stratum corneum. The high flexibility of ethosomal carrier from the added ethanol allows the elastic carrier to squeeze through the skin pores. Herbal ethosomal formulation has been effectively used to enhance bioavailability of many herbs including Glycyrrhiza glabra, Sophora alopercuroides, Cannabis sativa, Sesbania grandiflora and Podophyllum hexandrum