Umbilical/Epigastric hernia is a rather common surgical problem. Approximately 10% of all primary hernias comprise umbilical and epigastric hernias. In this study the complication rates of different mesh types which were used to repair umbilical/epigastric hernias were investigated. A retrospective chart review was performed of 86 patients who underwent ventral herniorrhaphy with either Composite Mesh ( CM, Group-1) or Dual Sided Mesh (DM, Group-1), were included in the study. Mean duration of follow-up was 22 months and no significant difference was demonstrated between groups in respects of hernia recurrence , wound complications ,mesh infection, infection requiring removal, development of bowel obstruction, or persistent pain or discomfort. On subgroup analysis there was no significant difference between complication and recurrence rates in respect of meshes of different trademarks. This study showed no significant difference between dual sided and composite meshes in respect of mesh-related complications

Tornwaldt’s cyst is an uncommon midline nasopharyngeal cyst that arises from the pharyngeal bursa on the posterior nasopharynx. They represent as a communication between notochord remnants and the pharyngeal endoderm. Occlusion of this communication results in the formation of Tornwaldt’s cyst. Development of these cysts has been linked to scarring from prior adenoidectomy and nasopharyngeal inflammation. It is usually small and accidentally diagnosed on rhinoscopy, computerized tomography (CT) or magnetic resonance imaging (MRI). Clinical symptoms of nasopharyngeal cysts may include fullness in the ear, tinnitus, nasal obstruction, dysphagia, dysarthria, dysphonia, odynophagia, halitosis, cephalgia, or stiffness of cervical muscles. We report a case of a 24-year-old male with as an isolated nasal obstruction and discuss the clinical, radiological features, and the differential diagnosis of these cysts

This cross-sectional, community-based study was conducted in the area of the Urban Health Training Centre of a municipal medical college, located about 30 kms from Mumbai (India). The participants were 57 females (mean age: 63.91±8.91 years) and and 47 males (mean age: 62.13±10.16 years) with type-2 diabetes mellitus for five or more years preceding the study period but who did not have symptoms related to complications of diabetes mellitus, who gave written informed consent. The participants were interviewed using a semi-structured questionnaire. Their records of follow-up pattern were correlated with the occurrence of manifestations suggestive of early onset of common and morbid complications. Nine participants revealed maternal history of diabetes mellitus while four had a paternal history. 35 females and 38 males had no other diabetic in their families, while four patients revealed that three or more of their family members were affected. 55 (52.88%) were asymptomatic. Among the symptomatic, the complaints were weakness (18.27%), spells of fainting or giddiness (11.54%), loss of body weight (7.69%), polyuria and polydipsia (7.69%). The gender difference in the mean body mass index was statistically significant (Z=2.348; p=0.019) while that for mean systolic (Z=0.942; p=0.3472), diastolic blood pressure (Z=0.596; p=0.549), mean fasting (Z=0.399; p=0.689) and post-prandial blood sugar levels (Z=1.364; p=0.174) was not significant. As per available medical records and responses given by participants to the questionnaire, regular follow-ups were inadequate and a significant proportion was not on specific anti-diabetic medications

Abstract: Poor Maternal nutrition, especially in rural setting adversely affects pregnancy and birth outcome. In all cultures, certain beliefs exist surrounding what facilitates a good pregnancy and its outcome as well as negative sanctions. Taboo and misconception regarding food, nutrition, rituals which people follow are discussed in this study. A Cross- sectional study was done on females attending ante natal care OPD at tertiary care hospital at Jaipur. A predesigned questionnaire was used. Before interview, subjects were informed the purpose of the study. All pregnant women attending the OPD were interviewed regarding different kind of beliefs, misbelieves, taboos related to pregnancy, diet, food habits, and breastfeeding. Out of 400 women interviewed 50 percent were between 20-30 yrs and 36 percent were illiterate. Most common taboos were use of knife or kala tika to prevent evil eye, use of herbal medications for having son, covering of head and ears after delivery and use of castor oil or ghee to facilitate normal delivery and avoidance of certain foods, considering them hot and cold. Reasons were many as they cause abortions, difficult labour. Larger population of women and their families still believe in old unscientific tales. With increase in literacy status such taboos and misconception can be removed. There is need of nutritional education and awareness generation among women.

Histomorphological assessment of the testes of mice exposed to the ethanolic seed extract of Mucuna urens were investigated in 24 male mice weighing between 20 – 30g. The mice were divided into four groups of six mice each. Group 1 was the control, while group 2, 3 and 4 were the experimental groups. 80 seeds of Mucuna urens were macerated and the content was extracted using 1000mls of absolute alcohol, filtered and dried in water-bath at 45°C. 1000mg of the extract was dissolved in 50mls of distilled water and 50mls of 30% tween 80. The extract was administered orally for 7 days. Group 1 was administered 5ml distilled water, group 2 were administered 100mg/kg of ethanolic seed extract of Mucuna urens, group 3 were administered 200mg/kg of ethanolic seed extract of Mucuna urens and group 4 were administered 300mg/kg of ethanolic seed extract of Mucuna urens. After sacrifice, the testes was harvested and fixed in 10% buffered formalin, dehydrated in alcohol, cleared in xylene, infiltrated in molten paraffin wax and embedded. The tissues were processed to paraffin sections, cut at 5 microns, stained in H&E staining technique and the cytoarchitecture was viewed with light microscope. Photomicrograph of group 1 showed normal blood vessels, seminiferous tubules and interstitial connective tissues. Photomicrograph of group 2 showed lesion blood vessels, shrinking seminiferous tubule and mild eroded interstitial connective tissues. Photomicrograph of group 3 showed hemorrhage, severely shrinking seminiferous tubules and severely eroded interstitial connectively tissue. Photomicrograph of group 4 showed degenerated blood vessels, degenerated seminiferous tubules and severely eroded interstitial connective tissues. Severity was dependent on dose and duration. The ethanolic seed extract of Mucuna urens may lead to fertility impairment by altering the ultrastructure of the testes.

Smoking is a pernicious scourge of the world today. Smoking is well known to increase the risk of pulmonary and cardiovascular diseases by affecting the cardio–pulmonary functions. Hence, emphasis should be paid on preventive strategies of these disorders. Our study was to evaluate the effect of smoking on lung functions and lipid profile in asymptomatic smokers. A total of 100 male subjects were included which were equally divided in to two groups i.e. of smokers and non – smokers. The lung function tests and lipid profile was carried out on each subject in both the groups. No statistically significant difference was seen in the baseline characteristics of the two groups. There was no statistically significant difference between the two groups regarding mean values of blood pressure and heart rate, though; values were higher in smokers as compared to non-smokers. All the spirometric values in the two groups had statistically highly significant difference and were higher in non-smokers as compared to smokers. The spirometric values were reduced in smokers with history of smoking for as low as two pack years. No statistically significant difference was seen in the mean HDL – cholestrerol values in the two groups. Although the smokers were young and asymptomatic, still the spirometric and lipid values were significantly deranged as compared to controls. Even smokers with history of less pack years of smoking also had significant abnormalities of lung function. All spirometric and lipid parameters deteriorated significantly with increasing pack years of smoking

Hamstring tightness continues to be a risk factor for hamstring injuries among active individuals and sports players. Various interventions have been performed to find the most effective method to improve flexibility. The purpose of the study therefore, is to explore the effect of a neurodynamic sliding technique on hamstring flexibility among recreational sports players. Quasi experimental study design, pre and post study type. Male subjects within the age of 18-24 who were unable to complete finger floor test were included. Subjects with hamstring injury within the past years and multiple fractures were excluded. According to the inclusion and exclusion criteria subjects were divided into two groups: Group A and Group B. Group A received neurodynamic sliding intervention over a period of 4 weeks and group B received active hamstring stretching exercises over a period of 4 weeks. At the end of the study, significant difference between the group A and B with p value <0.05 was found. Mean values for straight leg raise test (SLR) were significantly higher for the group A when compared to the group B and while the mean values for finger floor test (FFT) were significantly lower for the group A when compared to the group B. This study concludes that the intervention of neurodynamic sliding among the recreational players increases the flexibility of hamstring more than the active hamstring stretching when measured by the straight leg raise test and finger floor test.

The present study was carried out to evaluate the protective role of aqueous extract of Mentha spicata (MSE) leaf on dichlorvos (DDVP) induced oxidative stress in rat brain. Male rats were divided into 4 groups, the first group served as control (C). Group (E1) received 5.33mg/Kg BW of DDVP and group (E2) received 5.33mg/Kg BW of DDVP with MSE (100.0 mg/kg) and the group (E3) received MSE (100.0 mg/kg). Rats under all the groups were treated with their respective constituents for 30 days. The results suggested that rats under E1 suffered from significant (p<0.01) decline in the activity of superoxide dismutase, catalase, glutathione peroxidase with a significant elevation in the levels of malondialdehyde of their brain. Histological changes were also found to be prominent in the brain of E1 group as compared to others. Rats under E2 showed recuperation tendencies which were evidenced by partial restoration of antioxidant enzyme activity and the lesser degree of damage in histological aspect as compared to E1. No significant changes were observed in either biochemical constituents or histological aspects of rats under E3. The current study suggests that DDVP can cause oxidative damage and brain injury in male rats and co-administration of MSE with the selected dose partially attenuates the toxic effect caused by DDVP

A survey was done during 66 months (January 2010 to July 2015) in Tshopo province, Democratic Republic of the Congo, on the use of a vegetal specie called “Zila bokilo” in local language. This specie was identified as an ectomycorhizian mushroom, Tuber sp, used in cynegetic art as hunting bait in some villages in Tshopo province. The animals attracted by this mushroom include not only rodents ( 36.4%) among which Gambian pouched rat (Cricetomys eminii) but also animal of the Artiodactyla order (27.3%) such as the bush pig (Potamochoerus porcus), bay duiker (Cephalophus dorsalis), blue duiker (Cephalophus monticola); mycophagous animals such as monkey (Cercopithecus sp), turtle (Kinixys erosa), snail ( Achantina sp.), Thomas's rope squirrel (Funisciurus anerythrus) and curiously carnivore such as the jackal (Canis adustus). Tuber sp develops better on the roots of Gilbertiodendron dewevrei in sandy soil, not far from a river. Chemical screening of this specie showed the absence of toxic ions like oxalates, cyanides, nitrates and nitrites indicating that this mushroom could be edible. Its attracting odor could be due to the abundance of terpenes in its chemical composition.

Thrombocytopenia is a group of heterogeneous disorders of varying etiology and involving deficiency of platelets. Platelet volume parameters are significant especially in the diagnosis of causes of thrombocytopenia. The platelet volume parameters have been widely available as part of full blood count profile on automated hematology analyzers. To evaluate the relationship between platelet volume parameters and causative process in thrombocytopenia Methods: PLCR of 500 cases of thrombocytopenia (TCP) and 300 control cases having normal platelet counts were recorded. The analysis was done by Sysmex KX 21 cell counter and every case was reassessed by Peripheral Smear (P.S.) examination and if necessary also by the manual method. Only those cases that had sufficient clinico-hematological work up were included in the study. Results: Cases were grouped according to the most predominant mechanism of Group A-Accelerated platelet destruction, Group B-Impaired platelet production, and Group C-Abnormal platelet pooling. The age range was from 1 day to 90 years. The commonest age group for thrombocytopenia was between 21-30 years accounting for 88(18%) cases. 75(15%) cases belonged to both 31-40 and 41-50 age groups. The mean platelet large cell ratio P-LCR % was 22.64 ± 7.13 and in Group A it was 31.68 ± 8.36 and in Group B was 19.50 ± 5.51 and Group C was 31.48 ± 9.09. The Z test was performed between A, B and C Group with the control group of all the parameters of the platelet count. The P-LCR of accelerated destruction Group A, B, C and Vs Control were all significant values <0.05. Conclusion: Platelet Large cell ratio and the Platelet distribution width showed a direct linear relationship in all groups of Thrombocytopenia as well as the control group. Decreased production of platelets in cases of thrombocytopenia can be differentiated from other two groups of thrombocytopenia with the help of all the three parameters MPV, PDW and P-LCR as the differences are statistically significant.

The study is aimed at determining the relationship between environment knowledge and self-efficacy with responsibility environment behavior in the city of Gorontalo. The method used in this research is a survey with correlational techniques. This method describes the phenomena on the relationship between variables. This study consists of two independent variables, namely knowledge of the environment (X1) and self efficacy (X2) and one dependent variable that is responsibility environment behavior (Y). The result of the research is the relationship between knowledge of the environment with responsibility environment behavior. There is a relationship between self-efficacy with responsibility environment behavior. There is a relationship between environment knowledge and self-efficacy simultaneously with responsibility environment behavior. Based on the results of the research it can be concluded that responsibility environment behavior is depend on knowledge of the environment and self-efficacy both partial and simultaneous.

The aim of this study was to determine critical predictive serum bilirubin value on first day (24 hrs) of life which can screen healthy term newborns at risk of developing significant hyperbilirubinemia. This was a prospective study conducted at "Maharaja Yashwant Rao Hospital Indore" between August 2008 and September 2009. Serum bilirubin estimation was done by Van Den Berg method to know total and direct reacting bilirubin. We believe that data from this study could be applied to babies at low risk and specially will help to screen babies who may develop neonatal hyperbilirubinemia (NNHB) inspite ruling out risk factors. This group mainly represent in which hyperbilirubinemia is due to- increased enterohepatic circulation, breast milk jaundice, hypothyroidism, drugs, galactosemia, Crigler-Najjar syndrome, Gilbert syndrome, infection etc.

This paper presents a review of the recent challenges on vapour-liquid condensation phenomena inside the annular tube. The condensation phenomenon is a main concern in nuclear power plant safety system. The condensation in annular tube is a complex phenomenon, which can classify into two categories: (i) condensation in liquid (Direct Contact Condensation) and (ii) condensation on the plate. In Newton’s Law Cooling, heat transfer surface area and surface temperature (i.e., bubble or plate) are the main parameters that need to be concerned. The heat surface area of condensation in annular tube can be determined by investigating void fraction for the desire flow pattern. In this article, the condensation phenomena are reviewed based on the amount of substantial research work conducted from the past decades to the present. Condensation phenomena in annular tube such as type of phase change, interfacial heat transfer, influence of flow structure and void fraction measurement method, are considered in the review. The future need and challenges of vapour-liquid condensation in an annular tube are also highlighted in this article.

Breathlessness and Paroxysmal Nocturnal Dyspnoea (PND) is a common cause of emergency visit in our country. Cardiomyopathy is among most common cause of Breathlessness and Paroxysmal Nocturnal Dyspnoea (PND). The disease is often misdiagnosed and mistreated. There are very few studies on Cardiomyopathies from India. To evaluate clinical and demographic profile of patients with cardiomyopathy. We undertook this study in a tertiary care Medical College of North India. It is retrospective observational study of 80 patients. Routine echocardiography was done to diagnose cardiomyopathy. Patients with DCM were then evaluated as per protocol. We had a total of 80 patients in our study with a male: female ratio of 50:30. Most patients were aged over 40 years. The most common type of cardiomyopathy is Idiopathic CMP

The University Medical Center which currently runs a manual system for the management and maintenance of its critical information also operate an Outpatient Department in which non-urgent patients arrives for consultation with the problem of patients‘ long waiting time. This scenario has resulted to certain impediment ion terms of service rendering, including difficulty in accessing data due to improper keeping of patient details; delay in attending to patients on emergency which could lead to case complications as well as death of the patient; Lack of an effective Doctor-Patients appointment coordination; and more so, the few Doctors and Nurses could be overworked. The aim of this research project is to develop an Agent-Based Appointment Management System that will improve the medical center‘s efficiency in health services provision and reduce outpatient waiting time without adding extra resources. With the introduction of appointment system, the result has shown that average waiting time could be reduced by thirty-seven to forthfour percent as compared to the current status. Object Oriented Analysis and Design Methodology (OOAD) were adopted in the design for the Design and development of the proposed system. The proposed system was implemented using PHP, AJAX, HTML programming technologies. MYSQL was used as the database engine in XAMP server. The hospital appointment and scheduling system was tested using several test data by stakeholders and error correction was carried out.