There are many challenges and difficulties faced by the Iraqi learners in their studies inside the traditional classroom. These are attributed to a number of reasons such as the limitation of time, the difficulty of understanding the course material, the limited interaction among the learners and between them and the lecturers, and the delay in providing feedback, and so on. The emergence of Massive Open Online Courses (MOOCs) had an impact on the learning process for the past few years. Yet, there are still a number of questions about how to meet the learners’ needs of through distance learning via MOOC particularly for the Iraqi learners, as evidenced by the very high drop-out rates in the current MOOC courses. The researchers also do not understand deeply the learners’ needs, the different learners’ cultures and experiences in MOOCs. To help build such a concept, the researchers of this study conducted an in-depth investigation on the motivated learners and their perceptions and experiences of learning by a qualitative survey (interviews) at Baghdad & Tikrit Universities. The aim of this study is to examine whether Iraqi Higher Education Institutions need blended MOOC to support the traditional learning in Iraq. The results display that the majority of the participants need the blended learning to reduce the obstacles and challenges in the traditional learning and current MOOCs models. The findings also disclose that the students prefer learning through blended learning based on their environment (language and culture) rather than the current MOOCs courses.

This article seeks to render problematic the ideological underpinnings and theoretical conceptions, or lack thereof, of teacher education in the education system of the Republic of South Sudan. It uses the emergent perspective to question the construction of the country‟s Teacher Persona as envisioned in the legal and policy frameworks such as the General Education Act 2012 and the National General Education Policy (2017-2027). The Government sees these instruments as an essential catalyst to professionalize teaching and attract candidates of high calibre to the teaching profession using the political model as an offshoot of its paternalist and utilitarian national ideology to control and guarantee the quality of the teacher education enterprise. The political model, however, needs the generative practice of the institutional model and the replicative feature of the professional model to provide structure, stability and continuity to teacher education in South Sudan. This is particularly so given the fact that the current theoretical approach to teacher education at the curriculum level is informed by technical rationalist inclinations that essentially favour a strong behaviourist payload, a split of theory and practice, and a disconnect between training institutes and universities. In the same vein, the study points out that the greatest disservice to teacher education in South Sudan in terms of school outcomes has been the structural disconnect between the existing school curriculum and teacher education curriculum, critically failing to capture and engage the official standpoint of valid knowledge drawn upon to teach students in schools. A proper way of developing a national framework for teacher education is to state what good teachers effectively know, do and value. There is a need, therefore, for a new transformative model of teacher education that offers an idealistic, ethical thrust (character) and a specialist, exclusive power (competence) to future South Sudan‟s Teacher Persona, equipped with enquiry as its signature feature and as an antidote to a reductionist view. In that lies the promise to place premium in the country‟s education system.

Vulnerability of forest peoples (FPs) in the light of deforestation has received very little attention in contemporary environmental discourses and actions unlike forest and forest resources depletion within the framework of the Convention on Biological Diversity and climate change. Influence of foreign capital and the generalisation of the notion of agriculture being the fundamental driver of deforestation in the tropics, set the pace for deemphasizing the vulnerability of FPs to large-scale drivers of deforestation and forest degradation. This paper examines the extent to which deforestation and forest degradation perpetrated by exogenous stakeholders predispose FPs to socio-cultural, economic and environmental vulnerability in the southeast forest (SEF) zone of Cameroon. In-depth secondary data sourcing was carried out while primary data were collected from representatives of State Ministries, workers in industrial plantations, mining, dam construction, logging companies, FPs and a human rights activist using questionnaires, interview and focus group discussion (FGD) guides and field observation. Findings showed that paucity of Cameroon‟s environmental political will, inadequate human, material and financial resources, emergence euphoria and State acceptance of baiting gifts from foreign partners created plenty of room for legal oversights on fundamental deforestation and forest degradation drivers to which FPs, particularly indigenous Baka, are most vulnerable. Alleviating their vulnerability, achieving economic emergence and environmental resilience in the SEF zone require human resource development, an unprecedented political will, effective policy implementation and monitoring of deforestation and forest degradation drivers, as well as formalise tenure security, adjudicate intercommunity dialogue, informed consent and equitable benefit sharing.

Enterococcus faecalis has long been mentioned in increased frequency with regard to teeth with post-treatment disease (PTD). The prominence of E. faecalis in root-filled teeth with apical periodontitis has made it a focus of attention as an etiological factor of PTD. To evaluate and compare bacterial culture and species-specific polymerase chain reaction for the detection of enterococcus faecalis in retreatment cases with apical periodontitis in rural Indian population. A total of 80 samples were obtained from 40 patients, divided into 2 groups and analyzed by the two methods. The samples were grown under anaerobic conditions during culture and the determination of the microbial species was based on biochemical tests. DNA was extracted and analyzed for PCR using species-specific primer. The association of microbiological findings with clinical features was investigated. Enterococcus faecalis was isolated from 46.5% of the selected teeth. Culture and PCR detected the test species in 25% and 67.5% of the samples. PCR was significantly more effective than culture in detecting this bacterial species. E.faecalis was clearly proven as the causative factor of apical periodontitis. Therefore, combining molecular and culture technique is probably the best approach available to provide comprehensive and a panoptic information about the microflora associated with endodontic infections.

This paper deals with a comparative study of remedies for enforcement of fundamental rights in Malaysia and India. The provision of remedies for enforcement of fundamental rights plays an important role in preserving and defending the fundamental rights in the Constitution. Hence, the said provision is better catered for under the Constitution than under an ordinary legislation to ensure strength in upholding fundamental rights. In Malaysia, the provision of remedies for enforcement of fundamental rights provided under an ordinary legislation. Conversely, Indian Constitution has provided such remedies under Article 32 and 226. The Indian Courts have given a wide construction to Article 32 and 226 of which the provisions give powers to the Supreme Court as well as High Courts to issue any order, including any order in the nature of the common law prerogative writs, for the purpose of enforcement of fundamental rights guaranteed by the Constitution. In addition, the Indian High Court has jurisdiction to issue writs not only for the purpose of enforcing fundamental rights, but also to enforce any legal rights because of the words „for any other purposes‟ in Article 226. On this paper the writer makes a comparative study on the remedies for enforcement of fundamental rights between Malaysia and India to find out more information regarding the position of the law given in both the countries. At the end of the paper, the writer will make recommendations for the purpose of improving the law concerns.

The presence of new media also influence and change the concept of journalism so that it brings forth the backpack journalist. This study aims to find out the construction of social reality conducted by the backpack journalist on the struggle of The Samin in maintaining the local wisdom of their ancestral heritage in the video "Samin v.s Semen 2015" in social media YouTube. Construction of local wisdom referred to in this study is the process of social dialectics experienced by The Samin on the process of externalization, objectivation, and internalization in maintaining the noble values that they believe. The paradigm of this research is interpretive paradigm using Roland Barthes semiotic analysis method. This study analyzed verbal and visual signs in the video that lasted 39 minutes and 25 seconds and divided into several scenes, such as the scene of Community of Samin, the arrival of artist Melanie Subandono and cement factory in Tuban. The results showed that in the process of externalization, people of Samin are those who adapt to the environment but still uphold their ancestral teachings. They see that the relationship with others and nature as a form of their relationship with the Creator, so they try not to conflict with the local people. Meanwhile, in the process of objectivation, they seek to interact or adapt to their socio-cultural world. This is what makes the Samin cannot refuse when required to have the Identity Card. While in the process of internalization, people of Samin associate with local people where they are in a similar environment. The Samin have identified themselves with the social institutions or social organizations to which they belong. In this internalization process, the Samin took a role in rejecting the construction of cement plants with other citizens as an effort to maintain their ancestral heritage.

This paper examines the immigration discourse in contemporary Russian internet media. This study aims at illuminating how contemporary Russian internet immigration discourse conceptualises immigrants, using different semiotic modes (not only texts but also visuals). In order to achieve the main goal, textual and visual materials published in the Russian internet media are analysed. The methodology used to conduct research was based on critical discourse analysis, multimodal discourse analysis and cognitive linguistics. The image of immigrants in the analysed material consists of five facets: biological, national, legal, economic and martial ones. In the biological aspect, immigrants are portrayed as people who look different to the indigenous population, have a different skin colour, Asian facial features. The national facet stresses the difference in nationality, even otherness, of immigrants. The legal facet emphasizes immigrants‟ involvement in murders, rapes and robberies. As for the economic facet, immigrants are portrayed as a threat to the country‟s economic development. In the martial aspect, migrants are depicted as occupants and invaders. Authors of the analysed texts use visual discrimination strategies: representation of immigrants as agents of negatively valued actions, discriminatory stereotyping, collectivisation, and aggregation. The analysed Russian internet mass media paints a negative picture of immigrants, especially those from Central Asia and the Caucasus.

This study is set on the premise that Nigeria‟s hegemonic influence in the ECOWAS spills over creating stronger socioeconomic ties with neighbouring Cameroon than there is integration between the latter and other CEMAC member countries. The much talked of regional integration among CEMAC member countries has not been matched with concrete adequate steps towards establishing a strong regional bloc to address common political, security, economic and environmental stakes within the Central African sub-region. This paper seeks to assess the reasons and challenges for the weak regional integration amongst CEMAC member countries, how to surmount the challenges and build efficient integration. In the same vein, it probes into the reasons for stronger socioeconomic ties between Cameroon and Nigeria (non-member bloc countries) in order to evaluate the basis for this potency and draw lessons for efficacious integration within the CEMAC. To achieve this, the paper uses mainly secondary sources and interviews with key resource persons. The study posits that the absence of a regional hegemon (core state) within the CEMAC region impedes initiatives towards effective integration while fostering ties between Cameroon and Nigeria; thus the emergence of a regional hegemon with strong political will and economic base will propel the CEMAC integration.

This investigation was carried out to study the effect ferritic-martensitic constituent on mechanical property and corrosion behaviour of medium carbon DP steel. Several stages of heat treatment were applied on the as-received medium carbon steel which composed of lamellarizing, quenching and tempering process. Asreceived medium carbon steel was assigned as a reference sample for comparison analysis. Mechanical property was evaluated using Vickers hardness to examine the effect of changing the ferritic-martensitic constituent of the medium carbon steel. Besides, the effect of this constituent on the corrosive behaviour of the medium carbon DP steel was investigated using 1 M hydrochloric acid solution.

To evaluate and compare the knowledge and attitude about Basic Life Support (BLS) and medical emergencies among undergraduate dental students and interns at the College of Dentistry, Taibah University, Al Madinah , Saudi Arabia. A previously validated, self-administered, anonymous, closed structured online questionnaire was distributed by email to the clinical year's students and interns. The questionnaires consisted of demographic data, knowledge and attitude of the participants toward BLS and Medical emergencies. 112 questionnaires were filled, with a response rate of (55.4%). Most of participants knew the abbreviation of BLS and half of them answered the questions of knowledge correctly. Most of participants thought that all dental students and staff need to know more about BLS. The knowledge of undergraduate students and interns about BLS is inadequate and need to be improved but they have a positive attitude toward it.

The Qur‟ān is a compendium of divine laws and instructions desired to provide guidance to man, leading him to prosperity and salvation, in all his undertakings. It touches on all aspects of the human endearvours. Among several legal prescriptions contained in the Qur‟ān, the present study is focused on the penal injunctions on Qadhf and Licān as reflected in Sūratu-n-Nūr with a view to assessing implementation of the injunctions among the Muslims in Ilorin, Nigeria. The paper seeks to determine the level of compliance with the Qur‟anic provisions on the issues by the Muslim populace. Both Qadhf and Licān are two criminal acts, the menace of which the research found to be prevalent in Ilorin due to transgression, ignorance or vain desires in spite of the fact that it is a Muslim dominated city which is expected to hold tenaciously to the Islamic law provisions. The research method included interview, questionnaire, observation and literary appraisal. The paper recommends the need for acquisition of adequate knowledge of Islam by the Muslims, uncompromising attitude to the Islamic tenets, and concerted efforts by the Muslim populace for the full implementation of the sharīсah in Ilorin to preserve its age-long religious sanctity.

Zygomaticomaxillary complex (ZMC) fractures are second commonest fractures in facial skeleton, with nasal fractures being the first. Common causes include altercations, motor vehicle accidents (MVAs) and sport injuries. This report highlights a case that presented with secondary blow to the malar region following MVA but without any fracture. The patient had suffered a similar injury with ZMC fracture, four years ago and was treated with open reduction and miniplate fixation. Hence the question arises, if the malar bone strengthened by the miniplate resisted the fracture or the force was insufficient to cause an impact. Considering the literature to be limited, further studies with this thought can open up a new plethora in the history of miniplates.

Desmoplastic ameloblastoma (DA) is a rare subtype of ameloblastoma, exhibiting eloquent variation in its clinical, radiological and histologic appearance. In 2017 WHO classification of a head and neck tumour has further modified this entity and titled it as a histologic variant of conventional ameloblastoma. A tumour mimics benign fibro-osseous lesion for being often prevailing in the anterior region of jaws as a mixed radiopaque-radiolucent lesion. We present a case of desmoplastic ameloblastoma in a 55-year-old male with a painless swelling in the anterior region of right maxilla. Ct scan shows a mixed lesion with multilocular appearance. An incisional biopsy verified it to be a case of desmoplastic ameloblastoma. Partial maxillectomy was performed on the right side. The patient is on routine follow-up with no recurrence. The present case deserves emphasis because of its unfamiliar appearance, potentially aggressive nature and deceptive radiologic appearance maximizing the chances of misdiagnosis. So, the clinician should be alert enough to include desmoplastic ameloblastoma in the differential diagnosis of any lesion/growth with mixed radiolucent-radiopaque appearance having ill-defined borders and occurring in anterior maxilla or mandible.

Obstructive sleep apnoea (OSA) is increasingly being recognized as an important health issue in the last two to three decades. It is characterized by frequent episodes of upper airway collapse during sleep, causing recurrent arousals, intermittent hypoxaemia, sleep fragmentation and poor sleep quality. There is accumulating evidence that OSA is being considered as an independent risk factor for hypertension, glucose intolerance/diabetes mellitus, cardiovascular diseases and stroke, leading to increased cardiometabolic morbidity and mortality.

In the early period, tooth loss may occur for congenital reasons or because of trauma or decay. Different treatment alternatives for aesthetic rehabilitaton of tooth loss include removable partial prosthesis, fixed prosthesis, dental implant and partial prosthesis fixed with resin (Maryland bridge). As fibre-reinforced composites (FRC) are materials which do not include any metal, the mechanical and aesthetic properties are extremely good. Our aim in this study is to rehabilitate with FRC tooth loss in the paediatric patients who are still developing and growing. In this 5 case series of paediatric patients, it was provided to aesthetic and functional rehabilitation of anterior tooth loss with a fibre-reinforced adhesive bridge applied with a minimally invasive technique which did not require any extra sessions. And it was presented a 1-year-follow up. Fibre-reinforced adhesive bridge can be considered an inexpensive, conservative, aeesthetic treatment alternative which can be applied in a single session for single or multiple missing teeth in the anterior region of young patients who have not yet completed skeletal and dentoalveolar growth and development.