The fundamentalists often perceive that Islam and its principles are a hindrance to innovation. Relevant, extensive research proved otherwise. For example, a comparison of research on innovation in the Islamic and non-Islamic perspective was made, which verified that Islam does promote innovation. As this is a content analysis paper, it is important to acknowledge that there are five types of innovation in Islamic banking. They are Islamic financial product innovation, Islamic bank process innovation, Islamic bank marketing innovation, innovation and risk management in Islamic finance, and Islamic work value and innovation. After comparing with research on innovation in the non-Islamic perspective, it was found that there is still a lack of protection for the innovation and the Islamic perspective also lack measures for the innovation.

Hydrogels have high affinity to absorb water due to the presence of hydrophilic group; Hydrogels can be prepared from both natural and synthetic polymer. Though the synthetic polymers are preferred more due to their less risk of immune response and less chances of viral and bacterial attack With increasing efforts devoted to controlled release of drug molecules, the application of hydrogels will continue to grow in future with its more relevantly and more efficiently applications, The success of hydrogels as delivery systems can be judged by several marketed preparations.

Legal opinion to protect the society and juvenile offenders is important from social aspect. Bad boy or bad girl labelled towards the juvenile in the rehabilitation centre should be scrapped because it is tantamount to killing the hopes and indirectly makes them thinking that they are useless. The ultimate outcome of this vicious cycle may trap them in constant negativity and poverty even for their entire lifetime, unemployment and periodic incarceration, dependency for substance abuse, and failure to maintain societal norms. The purposes of this study is to review planning and career prospects for juvenile and develop a model for the future of juvenile delinquency career. Methods of quantitative and qualitative studies will be used in the study. All survey data will be analyzed using the Statistical Package for the Social Science (IBM SPSS) software, while the interviews will be analyzed using Nvivo.

Coronary artery disease (CAD) is currently one major cause of death in the world [1, 2]. CAD is mainly caused by atherosclerosis, which is considered as a chronic inflammation in response to cholesterol accumulation in the arterial wall [3]. Therefore, biomarkers that can predict the presence for early atherosclerotic process and CAD are desirable. Lipidomics is playing vital role in development of atherosclerosis and in cardiovascular disease. Various inflammatory markers and lipid biomarkers are playing role in diagnosis of CAD. Inflammatory biomarkers such as CRP, cytokines [interleukin (IL)-1, IL-6, IL-8, monocyte chemoattractant protein-1 (MCP-1)], soluble CD40 ligand, serum amyloid A (SAA), selectins (E-selectin, P-selectin), myeloperoxidase (MPO), matrix metalloproteinases (MMPs), cellular adhesion molecules [intercellular adhesion molecule 1 (ICAM-1), vascular adhesion molecule 1 (VCAM-1)], placental growth factor (PlGF) and A2 phospholipases may have a potential role for the prediction of risk for developing CAD and may correlate with severity of CAD..Dyslipidemia is major cause of Cardiovascular disease. Ceramide a lipid biomarker is playing a emerging role in diagnosis of CAD, In this review we tried to focus role of Ceramide in diagnosis of CAD and to further risk stratify patients who may otherwise not receive treatment but would remain at high risk for a serious cardiac event. These are patients who could benefit from more intensive treatment, for example: a higher-dose statin, a nutritionist consult or formal exercise therapy. Cardiologists at Mayo Clinic are already routinely checking Ceramides using the new test.

Onychomycoses are fungal infections that affect hands and feet nails and are caused by several genera of filamentous and yeast fungi. The knowledge of the etiology is fundamental to establish the appropriate therapeutic conduct. Most fungi genera are free living, but some have adapted to parasitism and others depend on predisposing factors for implantation in the host. The objective of this research was to perform an epidemiological survey to identify the genera of fungi etiological agents of onychomycosis in patients attending in Rio de Janeiro dermatology clinics. After cleaning the nails with 70% alcohol, scraped scales with a sterilized scalpel were collected and seeded in Sabouraud-dextrose-agar and Mycosel culture media at room temperature. The colonies of filamentous fungi were identified by the cultural characteristics and the yeasturiformes by the staining of Gram method and biochemical tests. Among the 1290 cultures examined, 362 (28.06%) were positive for the following fungi: Candida spp. 335 (92.54%), Trichophyton rubrum 12 (3.31%), Epidermophyton floccosum 8 (2.21%), Microsporum canis 6 (1.66%) and Aspergillus niger 1 (0.28%). The fungal etiology of the nail lesions had an incidence of 28.06% of the samples from 1290 patients, being the genus Candida the most prevalent cause of onychomycosis

In the present study, different extracts of leaves of Myrica esculenta were prepared and evaluated their membrane stabilizing and antioxidant effects. All extract were tested for presence of phytoconstituents i.e., alkaloid, carbohydrate, sterols, proteins, amino acids, saponin, and phenolic compounds. Membrane stabilizing effect was studied by hypotonic solution induced haemolysis of erythrocyte and Antioxidant activity was studied by DPPH method at a different concentration. From the study, Phytochemical analysis showed that methanol extract was the richest extract for the tested phytoconstituents. Maximum membrane stabilizing activity of leaves of Myrica esculenta showed in Methanol extract (61.11±1.10) at a concentration of 1000 μg/ml in comparison to standard drug aspirin. From antioxidant studies, methanol extract showed maximum antioxidant activity (91.36±1.27) at a concentration of 1000 μg/ml than other extract and comparison to standard drug ascorbic acid. From above studies it could be concluded that methanol extract showed maximum membrane stabilizing and antioxidant activities.

Human taeniasis was found from more than 50 provinces in Vietnam, and in which the highest prevalences have always been observed in the highland and mountainous areas. In addition, Cysticercus cellulose infection of pigs is considered as one of the most risk factor that contribute to taeniasis in human. Therefore, our study investigated both of the prevelence of Cysticercus cellulose in pigs and Taenia solium in human in the 3 communes of Son La, a moutainous province, in order to identify if there is such kind of correlation between the infected rates of pigs and human. Our results show that the prevelences of Cysticercus cellulose in pigs and Taenia solium in human in the 3 communes were high when comparing to other ares of Vietnam, however, they are within the range of the disease infected rates in Vietnamese mountainous ares. In addition, we observed that infectionof Cysticercus cellulose in pigs was closely associated by infection of Taenia solium in human, and also vice versus. In addition, because although cysticerci of Taenia solium occur primarily in pork, they also occur in humans, so humans can have both taeniasis and cysticercosis (including neurocysticercosis), which are dangerous and health-damaged in many cases. Therefore we suggest that in order to eliminate this meat-borne parasitoses, the effective prevention and treatment are required to applied simutanously on both pigs and humans of the areas

Recurrent respiratory papillomatosis is a rare benign disease of the upper airway caused by HPV, primarily affecting the paediatric age group. A retrospective analysis of 11 cases of recurrent respiratory papillomatosis was done in the present study extending for 30 years in three Medical Colleges of India. The presenting age of the patients was 2 to 7 years. Around 73% of recurrent respiratory papillomatosis cases had been diagnosed within 5 years of age. In our study, we did not find any case of adult onset recurrent respiratory papillomatosis and all the cases were of juvenile onset. Both males and females were affected equally with a male to female ratio of 1.2: 1. The incidence was more in the population with lower socio-economic conditions. Out of the total 11 cases, 6 patients required emergency tracheostomy for obstruction of the airway due to extensive involvement of the larynx. Microlaryngoscopic removal of the lesions with microdebrider was the primary treatment combined with adjuvant nonsurgical/medical treatments to contain the virus and growth of the tumours. In the case of the 5 (45%) patients presenting with hoarseness of voice without respiratory distress, complete microlaryngoscopic excision of the lesions were possible. However there were recurrences in 3 of these 5 cases, requiring further surgeries. In the case of the 6 (55%) patients, who required emergency tracheostomy for acute respiratory distress, complete microlaryngoscopic excision of the lesions were not possible in the first surgery, due to extensive pathology and there were recurrences in all these cases. Collectively, there were recurrences in 9 cases out of the total 11 cases.

The wound stress is applied to leaves of P. foetida and ethyl actetate extracts is optimized using mobile phase: ethyl acetate: chloroform: glacial acetic acid: benzene (25:15:2:10) and TLC bioautographic depict two antimicrobial compounds at Rf 0.46 and 0.73. The extract shows antimicrobic activity 12 mm against S. aureus at 5 mg/ml and 14 mm against E. coli at 10 mg/ml. Their HR-LCMS chromatogram elucidates the structure of two possible antimicrobial compounds as nitrofurazone (RT: 0.644 min) or 4-tridecynoic acid (RT 7.616 min) and dihydrodeoxystreptomycin (RT:9.22min). The HPLC-DAD detected dihydrodeoxystreptomycin at 254 nm and ibuprofen at 220 nm. The GCMS confirmed 4-chloro 7-nitrobenzofurazan (RT: 18.39), methyl jasmonate (RT: 18.84), 10.03 PPM and 12-hydroxy dodecanoic acid (RT: 23.79), 82.65 PPM in 96 extract. These compound's viz 4-tridecynoic acid and dihydrodeoxystreptomycin, ibuprofen, 4-chloro 7-nitrobenzofurazan, methyl jasmonate and 12-hydroxy dodecanoic acid could be possible raised as antimicrobial drugs in pharmaceutical industries.

Abstract: Abnormal uterine bleeding is the most common complaint in gynecology. Dilatation and Curettage is a blind procedure. Hysteroscopy has ushered in a new era in the evaluation of abnormal uterine bleeding. By direct visualization of the uterine cavity it is able to pin point the etiology. This study evaluates the role of hysteroscopy in the diagnosis of Abnormal Uterine Bleeding and its correlation with histopathological findings. The Prospective study was conducted in Department Of Obstetrics and Gynecology , Mahatma Gandhi Institute Of Medical Sciences ,a Rural tertiary Hospital of Central India over a period of one year. A total of 50 subjects ,women of age group 30-60 years, in one year, having abnormal uterine bleeding were included in study. Prospective study was done to know hysteroscopic correlation with histopathology. In this study abnormal findings on hysteroscopy were found in 26 patients (52%), while in the remaining 24 patients (48%) no abnormality was detected. The results of hysteroscopy and dilatation and curettage were in agreement in 84% patients, hysteroscopy revealed more information than curettage in 12 % patients and curettage revealed more information than hysteroscopy in 4% patients. Hysteroscopy is an important diagnostic tool in evaluation of AUB and can be considered superior to curettage. It is a safe, reliable, feasible and quick procedure.

This is an award-winning study of its kind first time conducted in the rural areas of Indore Madhya Pradesh with the aim of evaluating the subclinical morbidity and mortality pattern of the chronic hematological and neurological effect of organophosphate pesticide exposure in children of farmers. Poison is any substance which if introduced into the living body could cause ill health or death. Among children, the commonest culprits include kerosene, pesticides, household chemicals, drugs. In rural areas of developing countries, children of agricultural workers have high probabilities for exposure to OP pesticides. This puts them at an increased risk of damage. A community-based cross-sectional study was carried out in 64 children aged 7-14 years in adjoining villages of khudel, Indore, Madhya Pradesh. Various neurological symptoms like muscarinic (diarrhea, urinary incontinence, lacrimation, excessive salivation), nicotinic (tremors, muscle weakness, tachycardia) and general symptoms (a headache, insomnia, numbness in legs, fatigue, anorexia, nausea, vomiting, dizziness, lethargy) were assessed by doing a clinical examination. Exposure index (EI) was calculated by multiplying the number of hours exposed to OP pesticides and the number of years of exposure. Various CBC parameters, metabolic panel (liver function test, kidney function test, FPG, vitamin B 12, electrolyte level) were calculated. The statistical evaluation was done using SPSS version 24.0 analysis of variance (ANOVA).

A polyherbal suspension was formulated from the extracts of roots of Cyperus rotundus (CRR) and leaves of Azadirachta indica (AIL) and Bryophyllum pinnatum (BPL). The suspension had very good redispersibility and was very stable without agglomeration, caking or microbial growth. Study of diuretic activity was done on individual plant extract as well as formulation. There was a significant increase in the volume of urine and electrolytes Na+, K+, Cl- which was similar to the standard drug furosemide. The formulation had much better activity as compared to the individual drug extracts which may be due to the synergistic effect of the herbs used. There was no significant change in pH. The loss in electrolytes Na+, K+, Cl- may lead to a reduction in supersaturation of calcium in urine thereby preventing the formation of kidney stone. The PHF have good diuretic activity and can be used to reduce hypertension, kidney problems and urolithiasis.

We have two ways for coping: the way of avoidance or the way of acceptance. The present study aimed to determine the most adaptable coping strategies of patients with diagnosed somatoform disorder. Along with, we elicited whether patients preferred problem focused or emotional focused coping strategy. The present study was a cross-sectional and observational study on patients referred by psychiatrists, who presented with persistent, medically unexplained, physical symptoms in pure psychiatric setup of a medical college and hospital. Study consisted of 72 somatoform disorder patients those who were diagnosed and were willing to undergo the psychological assessment. Patients were divided into two groups on the basis of symptom frequency and duration, as determined by the Diagnostic Interview Schedule: somatic syndrome group (N=49) and somatic sub-syndrome group (N=23). Both the groups were gone through eight emotion‐ and problem‐focused strategies, as used by the coping strategy inventory. Average age among participated was 49.1±15.8years. 74% of patients were women and 26% was men who reported unexplained physical symptoms. With respect of coping strategy, multi variate logistic regression prominent that sociodemographic factors positively correlated with the adaptations of different types of coping strategy. Group I and Group II was negatively associated with seeking of coping strategies. The findings of the present study elicited that patients with somatoform disorder patients tends to follow emotional focused coping strategies rather than problem focused one. The results are basis for further research to evaluate psychological intervention for breast cancer patients with that also to evaluate operationalize psychobehavioural factors in this patients group

Snakebite is a major socio-medical problem affecting many communities globally, especially African and Asian countries. It is still depending on the usage of antisera as the major source of treatment, which has its limitations. In many rural communities, health care facilities are inadequate and victims of snakebites mostly depend on traditional healers for herbal antidotes as an alternative treatment. This review has focused on the mechanisms of action of the animal derived anivenoms (antisera or antivenins) as well as those derived from plant resources (phyto-antivenoms). Antigen-antibody reaction is the basic mechanism of snake venom neutralization by the antivenins, but for the phyto-antivenoms, there are many hypotheses proposed on how the herbal compounds neutralize the toxic venom constituents. These include; protein precipitation, enzyme inactivation, chelation activity, adjuvant action, antioxidant activity, combination of these activities, etc. The review might be a stepping stone in establishing an effective and widely acceptable future therapy against snakebite treatment and management

A colorimetric method was used for the determination of vitamin K1 phylloquinone in different plant extracts (Alchornea cordifolia, Aspilia Africana, Chromolaena odorata, Vernonia amygdalina). Benzene was used to extract the plants after drying and milling. The method of vitamin k determnation utilizes the coupling of 2,4-dinitrophenylhydrazine, in which a hydrazone of vitamin K, forms acid-salts in basic media giving blue coloured solutions that absorbs maximally at 635 nm. The results showed that Aspilia Africana 2.43 ± 1.56, Vernonia amygdalina 2.12 ± 1.11, Chromolaena odorata 6.36 ± 2.09, Alchornea cordifolia 8.31 ± 1.23 ug/g dry extract