With drastic advances in information technology, many new social media platforms have been created, such as Facebook and LINE. As firms search for competitive advantages in using these platforms to consolidate old consumers and attract new customers, this research examines two major characteristics of brand community: Brand Community Integration & Consumer Acceptance and Use of Information Technology. We observe how Brand Community Characteristics influence Brand Loyalty and test the mediating effect of Brand Community Identity. An empirical survey investigates the LINE community and shows that Brand Community Characteristics and Brand Community Identity both significantly increase Brand Loyalty and that Brand Community Identity has a mediating effect between Brand Community Characteristics and Brand Loyalty. Results herein suggest that enterprises should obtain members’ identity in the community first before building up their Brand Loyalty.

By studying quantum state, quantum state spaces as well as multiple qubits of quantum mechanics, it is found that an active path finding robot can be designed on the basis of quantum mechanics. To begin with, quantum encoding, quantum logic gates, quantum logic circuit, quantum gate arrays and quantum parallelism are studied. Then a robot on the basis of quantum bits is designed. Finally, an active path finding algorithm on the basis of quantum fourier transforms and related pathing finding algorithm are found. Meanwhile, some examples and related analyses indicate that an active path finding robot on the basis of quantum mechanics is feasible.

Abstract: Hypertensive disorders of pregnancy are the most common but a leading cause of maternal and perinatal morbidity and mortality. The present study was done to identify the possible risk factors for the hypertensive disorders of pregnancy. This hospital based case-control study was done on 250 normotensive and 250 women with hypertensive disorders of pregnancy were included after obtaining informed consent. Data were collected on socio-demographic profile, obstetric history, history of hypertension in previous pregnancy, family history, pre pregnancy weight, height and BMI. Data were entered in the MS Excel sheet and statistically analysed. Odds ratio with 95% confidence interval was used to calculate impact of different variables on the risk of presenting hypertension. The occurrence of hypertensive disorders in pregnancy was found significantly higher in the age group ≥30 years, nulliparity or Primipara, family history of hypertension and history of hypertension in previous pregnancy. Women with history of stillbirth were 5 times more at risk of having hypertensive disorders of pregnancy. No statistically significant relationship was found between hypertensive disorders in pregnancy with educational status, religion, residence and socioeconomic status, gravidity and history of abortion. Identifications of risk factors for hypertensive disorders during pregnancy will help in planning treatment of hypertension and preventing complications through regular antenatal check-up.

This paper critically reviews methods applied in forecasting production of unconventional gas plays. The review focuses on methodologies suitable for shale gas plays, methodological ability to account for parameter and data uncertainty, as well as suitability for appraising undeveloped shale gas plays. The production analysis and forecast methods reviewed include empirical/decline curves, type curves and analytical/numerical methods applicable to unconventional gas production analysis and forecast. The review shows that most of the studies focus on developed shale gas plays, neither account for shale gas well reservoir heterogeneity nor account for below ground uncertainties-such as reservoir and source rock properties. This study concludes that significant research is needed to address the identified limitations of existing studies.

Health status of the Pakistan population is growing aggravated. Incorporation of insalubrious regimen characterize by sedentary lifestyle, unhealthy intakes embracing tobacco products, soft drinks, junk food, mark as internal risk factors, accompanying the external exposures to air pollution, water contamination, ultra-violet radiation, garbage splaying characterizing insalubrious milieu, some of the sufficient cause for degenerative health status of population. Low conservation approach against these modifiable risk factors impel to frequent illnesses encounters which in absence of appropriate care mounting to serious conditions increase bombardment for secondary and tertiary care resulting high morbidity and mortality rate among masses. Article intends to highlight the frequent exposure to internal and external modifiable risk factors leading towards the escalated trends in incidence and prevalence of various acute and chronic diseases. Also embraces certain interventions likely to subdue insalubrious perils, trigger healthy regimen and signal positive outcomes in health status of the population. Article is based on literature review, formulated considering fact and figures, excerpted mostly of secondary sources. PubMed, DOIA browsed frequently to sieve most relevant content. Whole compilation phase has last for approximately 3 month dated June to August 2017.

Physical inactivity is the biggest health problem of this millennium and promoting regular physical activity by primary care physicians is considered to have pivotal role to combat modern-day non-communicable diseases. This study aimed to assess the attitudes and barriers of primary care physicians toward promoting regular physical activity to patients in Prince Sultan Military Medical City, Riyadh, Saudi Arabia. This cross-sectional study was conducted between January 2015 and July 2015 at Prince Sultan Military Medical City Riyadh, Saudi Arabia. Using a structured questionnaire, a total of 80 participating primary care physicians were evaluated for their attitudes and perceived barriers toward promoting physical activity to patients. The data were analyzed using SPSS software. Physicians considered health promotion in general (n = 78; 97.5%) and promoting physical activity - in particular (n = 80; 100%) constituted the overwhelming majors of the participants since they considered such promotion as an important part of the primary care. Advice to increase physical activity was given to patients by most participants and most considered themselves effective health promoters. Lack of time (n = 58; 72.5%), patients ignoring the physician’s recommendations (n = 52; 65%), and insufficient educational materials for patients (n = 43; 53.8%) were most frequently perceived as barriers to promoting physical activity by primary care physicians. The attitudes of primary care physicians were found to be consistent with expectations. However, consideration should be given to overcome perceived barriers to achieve health goals associated with promoting regular physical activity.

Scholars observes a sharp decline in the research productivity of academics in terms of the number of articles published in Nigeria from 1980-1989 and 1990-1999 based on an analysis of 21 core Nigerian Library and Information Science (LIS) journals indexed in Social Science Citation Index database. They also observe that Nigeria has the highest proportion of rejected papers in Africa out of the papers submitted to the African Journal of Library, Archives and Information Science (AJLAIS) for publication. In an attempt to reinforce the notion of a low publication output in Africa, the UNESCO Statistical Yearbook which reports that 55 titles are being published per one million readers in the developing world as against the 487 titles per one million readers in the developed world. In the same vein, while reporting on low research output in Nigerian universities, The World Education News and Review (2006), states that Nigerian academics’ research output is relatively low. The report shows that out of over 70 universities in the country as at the time of the study, only 20 were found to have performed creditably well in terms of academic research production. This view has been corroborated by Agarin and Nwagwu (2006), to the effect that in 2005, Nigeria was ranked next to the least of the countries in the world with the evidence of scientific research. The paper historically reviewed the determinants of research productivity among Nigerian researchers. It concludes based on available statistics that Nigerian scholars’ position in terms of their contribution to international acceptable journals has continued to remain low. The paper urged the government of Nigeria to create the necessary institutional framework and support that will enable Nigerian academics to enhance their productivity.

A 59-year-old male with primary sclerosing cholangitis (PSC) presenting with a suspected dominant biliary stricture suspicious for cholangiocarcinoma developed acute cholecystitis following cholangioscopy. This is the first case report of this rare complication that may have been related to the irrigation occurring during the procedure. Early recognition of this rare complication will likely lead to timely antibiotic therapy.

Aminoglycosides antibiotics have been in use for a long time. They are bactericidal in nature and are used to treat infections by Gram-negative bacteria. Studies have revealed their dangerous effect on human body that is the Ototoxicity. Aminoglycosides-induced ototoxicity has resulted in permanent hearing loss. Different agents are being examined for their activity against aminoglycosides-induced ototoxicity. These agents govern mostly on the principle of antioxidant capacity

Since 1992, the concept of group culture has been under the influence of globalization. Corporate culture is frequently studied in multinational companies called cultural management. The expansion of the new market in the field of machine installation has made a great development of LILAMA. This paper examines the relationship between corporate culture and comprehensive quality management in LILAMA where contractor projects have been awarded contracts with high-value contracts. Data collected from 10 companies directly produced by Lilama were analyzed by using the Sem model. The results show that corporate culture impact on overall quality management, thus setting out management measures that create a competitive advantage for LILAMA and apply to other enterprises in Vietnam.

Chronic supportive otitis media is highly prevalent in the developing countries like India. The present study was conducted for duration of three years in two Medical Colleges of West Bengal, India, to find the prevalence of bacterial infections in otorrhoea. Chronic suppurative otitis media was more common in the rural population (66.8%) than in the urban population (33.2%). Out of the 226 patients in the study, 144 cases (63.7%) of purely bacterial, 59 cases (26.1%) of mixed (bacterial and fungal), and 23 cases (10.2%) of purely fungal infections were isolated. Out of the total 226 cases of chronic suppurative otitis media, the number of bacterial infections was 203 (89.8%). The most common age group observed was 1-10 years (32.3%). There was no significant difference between male and female preponderance, with a male, female ratio of 1.17:1. Pseudomonas aeruginosa was found in 87 (38.50%) cases and was the most common organism, followed by Staphylococcus aureus in 51 (22.57%) cases. Other bacteria found in our study were Klebsiella species in 20 patients (8.85%), Enterococcus species in 18 patients (7.96%), and Proteus species in 16 patients (7.07%), Citrobacter species in 9 patients (3.98%) and Serratia marcescens in 2 patients (0.88%). We found that antibiotics effective against most of the organisms were gentamicin, followed by ciprofloxacin. Coamoxyclav was found to be effective mainly against Staphylococcus aureus (94.1%) but ineffective against the Gram negative bacteria. Ciprofloxacin is recommended as a first line antimicrobial for chronic suppurative otitis media, as it has no ototoxicity, has lower cost and is available both in topical and oral preparations

This research was carried out to examine the leadership styles used by the District and Municipal Assemblies (MMDA‟s) in the Upper East Region of Ghana to implement their programmes and projects to the benefit of the people. The Builsa District Assembly was used as a case study. The objectives of the study were to find out the extent to which the respondents understood the meaning of leadership, the types of leadership styles exhibited, and the relationship that exists between employees and management. Structured questionnaire was the main tool used for collecting data. Questionnaires for staff and leaders of the Assembly were randomly distributed to solicit their views. The Statistical Package for the Social Sciences (SPSS) version 16.0 was method used to analyse the data collected. One major finding was that leadership styles adopted by the MMDA‟s have been generally viewed as uncompromising and it is therefore, significant that leaders adopt much more tolerable styles of leading their subordinates which would encourage better understanding of leadership styles by their workers. A number of recommendations have been made based on major findings of the study. These include; the need for improved free flow of communication, transparency and the need for leaders to be prompt in handling issues and challenges.

A new stability indicating RP-HPLC method was developed and validated for the simultaneous estimation of Sofosbuvir and Daclatasvir in pharmaceutical dosage form and bulk drug. The optimized conditions for the simultaneous estimation of drug includes Discovery C18 (150mm x 4.6 mm, 5m) column, 0.01N potassium dihydrogen phosphate and Acetonitrile (50:50%v/v) as mobile phase run on isocratic mode at a flow rate 1.0ml/min. The column is maintained at 30ºC temperature and the drugs are detected at a wavelength of 254nm. The retention time for Sofosbuvir and for Daclatasvir were found to be 2.47 min and 3.31 min respectively. The %RSD for Sofosbuvir and Daclatasvir were found 0.8 and 0.5 respectively. The % Recovery for Sofosbuvir was found to be 99.90% - 100.03% and % recovery for Daclatasvir was found to be 99.90% - 99.93%. A linear response was found in the concentration range of 100µg/ml – 600µg/ml for Sofosbuvir and 15µg/ml – 90µg/ml for Daclatasvir, with correlation coefficient of 0.999 for both the drugs. The method was found to specific, accurate, precise, robust, rugged and stable in solution for 24 hours. The forced degradation studies indicated that the drugs are stable in various stress conditions as the net degradation was found to be within the limits. The developed method can be used for the quality control for simultaneous estimation of Sofosbuvir and Daclatasvir in pharmaceutical dosage form.

Genes are the smallest functional units of the genetic system, which control the development and function of all organisms. A gene is a linear sequence of DNA that codes for a particular protein. Gene therapy is based on principle that a normal gene is inserted to compensate for a nonfunctional gene and abnormal gene can be repaired through selective reverse mutation. It uses purified preparations of a gene or a fraction of gene to treat diseases. Gene therapy can be used to treat wide range of diseases ranging from single gene disorder to multi-gene disorder. It has variety of applications in the field of dentistry like in cancerous and precancerous condition, salivary gland disorders, autoimmune diseases, bone repair, DNA vaccination, bone repair etc.

The objective of this study was to evaluate the anti-inflammatory and antioxidant activities of Phragmanthera capitata stems widely used by traditional healers. Acute toxicity according to the OECD Guideline 423 showed that the LD 50 of ethanolic extract was greater than 5000mg/kg body weight. Anti-inflammatory capacity was evaluated by hind paw oedema model using carrageenan-induced inflammation in rat. It has showed that ethanolic extract possess a dose-dependent anti-inflammatory activity at the first hour with 16.95 % and 28.21 %, respectively, as a percentage inhibition for the 200 and 300 mg / kg body weight extract. The phenol dosage by the Folin-Ciocalteu method showed that ethanolic extract had 14420 mg mg EAA/g of dry extract. The antioxidant capacity was evaluated by the diphenyl-picryl test (DPPH), and the EC 50 was 0.0085 mg / ml for ethanolic extract when EC 50 of the ascorbic acid (reference) was 0.033 mg/ml. Phragmanthera capitata stems ethanolic extract is non toxic and have inflammatory and antioxidant activity that could justify its traditional use