Osteosarcoma (OS), the most common primary malignant bone tumor in both children and adults, is characterized by the development of bone or osteoid substance by the tumor cells [1]. Despite of Surgical treatments and combinational chemotherapy, long term survival remains unsatisfactory because of delay in diagnosis, distant metastasis and chemoresistence. Thus, in recent years, it has become one of the most promising fields to investigate molecular mechanisms contributing to osteosarcoma carcinogenesis and progression. Several biomarkers have been proposed to predict the evolution of osteosarcoma including survivin, ErbB2, Ki67 antigen, alpha V integrins, Tumor Endothelial Marker (TEM7), IGF1, Leptin, micro RNA. Recent advances in expression biology have shifted in identifying and developing specific and sensitive biomarkers such as micro RNAs. Circulating micro RNA is emerging as promising noninvasive biomarkers for human cancers. In this review,we provide a perspective on emerging concepts and potential usefulness of microRNA as diagnostic, prognostic markers in OS and involvement of specific microRNA in OS metastasis. We tried to discuss the genetic mechanisms and molecular pathways involved by aberrant microRNA in OS. MiRNA-directed gene regulation will pave the way for improving traditional gene therapy approaches in many cancers. Moreover, since therapeutic targeting of miRNAs promises to improve the clinical management of patients with OS.

Aim of this study is to evaluate the relation between emotional intelligence and attitudes and behaviours of nurses who work in a mental health hospital in regard to mental illnesses and patients. This is a descriptive study. Participants are all nurses who work in Dr. Ekrem Tok Mental Health Hospital in Adana. The study sample consisted of 93 nurses who agreed and had criteria to participate in this study. Data were collected by using socio-demographic questionnaire, Schutte Emotional Intelligence Scale and Opinions about Mental Illness Scale. Data were analysed using SPSS package programme, Pearson corelation test and t-test. The avarage age of individuals participating in the study is 39,44±7,73. Avarage working period of participated nurses in this hospital is 8,43±6,56. The mean score of Schutte Emotional Intelligence Scale is 128,05±11,60. Findings indicate a positive correlation between emotional intelligence and B factor of Opinions about Mental Illness scale. According to the findings; the nurses with high level of emotional intelligence score had higher scores for protective and humane approach. Thus, the development of positive attitudes towards people with mental illnesses can be achieved based on this finding. Therefore, we can recommend training program in order to increase emotional intelligence for nurses.

Malaria is one of the important diseases affecting several areas in India especially in the tribal and interior forest regions causing great morbidity and mortality. The National Vector-Borne Disease Control Program [NVBDCP] was launched in 2003-04 to control all vector-borne diseases, however seasonal and local outbreaks, especially in tribal areas, are common. This study was done to determine the prevalence of malaria during Aug-Nov 2015 season outbreak of malaria in tribal regions of Adilabad district of Telangana State. The objective of the study was to understand the type of malaria in the pediatric patients and the treatment is done and the outcomes. Methods: The study was done in Department of RIMS Adilabad during the seasonal outbreak of malaria from August to November 2015 and all the patients detected with malaria, its treatment and complications were recorded and analyzed. Results: a total of 3361 patients have admitted in the pediatric wards for various illnesses out of which 201 patients had malaria. The prevalence of malaria in the pediatric ward patients was 6.25%. The most commonly affected age group was 5 to 10 years recording highest number (n= 73) 36.32% of the total number of cases recorded. In male out of 113 cases, 38 cases (33.63%) belonged to 5 -10 years of age group. In females, 35 out of total 88 cases (39.77%) were in 5 -10 years of age group. out of 201 patients 164 patients (81.59%) had developed P. falciparum malaria indicating this is the predominant form of malaria present in this group of the population. Similarly, P. vivax was recorded in 19 (9.45% of the patients) and 18 (8.96%) had both the type of parasites in the peripheral smears. Conclusion: Within the limitations of the present study it can be concluded that the prevalence of P. facliparum malaria is very common in tribal Adilabad district. There is a higher prevalence of malaria-related complications in pediatric patients. There is an urgent need to educate the people and create awareness among the tribal people regarding the growth and spread of malaria. This will reduce the burden of morbidity and mortality due to malaria in this region.

Microalgae represent the main source of biomass production in an aquatic ecosystem which also possess system for generation and elimination of reactive oxygen species (ROS). Marine water receives increased number of anthropogenic chemicals from point and non-point sources. ROS concentration is dynamic in nature, that enhanced by the chemical sources in the marine environment and later it induces the oxidative stress in the marine organisms such as microalgae. In order to understand ROS changes with respect to seasonal fluctuation of marine pollutants and their impact on microalgal communities, two regions of Southeast coast of India were selected i.e., Tuticorin – a pollution impact site and Rameshwaram – the reference site. In this study microalgae distribution during three seasons i.e., summer, monsoon and winter were analysed. Quantification of physiochemical and heavy metal ions were analysed. ROS such as superoxide radical, hydrogen peroxide and hydroxyl radicals were measured using Electron Spin Resonance. Species richness, dominance and cell density of microalgae were calculated. All season data analysis showed significant reduction of species distribution and diversity in both sites. The species richness i.e Shannon- wiener diversity was high in the reference site, where as the dominance simpson diversity was high in impact size showed that the pollutants decreased the richness increase the dominance of some microalgal species. Correlation between the chemical parameter and microalgal distribution showed that the physiochemical parameters like Alkalinity, Phosphorus, Nitrogen compounds, BOD, DO were determined the microalgal density, species richness and dominance in both sites. Dynamic changes of heavy metals ions such as Hg, Cd, Cr, Fe, Zn and Al with the other marine in an chemicals impact site during different season’s sites enhance the ROS production. It was found that the micro algal communities were highly affected by chemicals in polluted marine water and that could enhance the oxidative stress.

Contamination of groundwater is one of the major environmental issues faced at present due to indiscriminate disposal of sewage, industrial, and chemical waste without proper treatment. This contamination may affect physical, chemical, and biological variables of groundwater. Hence, the aim was to assess the physicochemical and biological properties of groundwater in an urban setting of Belagavi. A total of 30 water samples were collected from open wells in different places by purposive sampling technique. Physicochemical properties, including pH, total alkalinity, turbidity, total dissolved solids (TDS), electrical conductivity (EC), total hardness, chloride ion, and carbon dioxide were assessed using standard methods. Microbiological analysis was done using standard microbroth dilution technique. The obtained values were compared with standard values set by the World Health Organization (WHO) standards and the Bureau of Indian Standards (BIS) for drinking water. Physicochemical properties of the study samples: pH, TDS, total alkalinity, chloride content, turbidity, and calcium and magnesium hardness were within the standard limits set by WHO and BIS; while, EC and bicarbonate hardness were not within the permissible limits. Microbial analysis showed the presence of Escherichia coli in 29 samples and the most probable number (MPN) of the samples was > 180 cfu/100 mL. Although most of the physicochemical properties of the groundwater were within the WHO and BIS standards, the microbiological analysis-MPN assay showed the presence of bacterial contaminants in most of the groundwater samples. Even though groundwater from most of the wells studied were contaminated, they can be revived as good sources of water provided the water is processed before consumption.

The whole plant of Catharanthus pusillus of family Apocynaceae was subjected to isolation and identification of chemical constituents. The extract was purified and isolated by column chromatography and thin layer chromatography (TLC). The isolated compound was then subjected to UV spectrum, FTIR for identification of functional groups and 1HNMR and 13C-NMR for identification of protons and carbon atoms. ESI-MS was done to identify the molecular weight of the isolated compound. From the interpretation of the spectral data, the isolated compound was found to be 3-β acetyl oleanolic acid.

Sudanese values of HbA1c was found to be 3.8% ± 1.17 in males and 3.4% ± 1.17 in females and the diagnostic level of HbA1c was 6.5% according to WHO. The objective of this study was to measure the level of HbA1c in newly diagnosed diabetic Sudanese patients and to compare the results with the normal Sudanese values. This was a hospital based cross sectional pilot study conducted during 2017 in Omdurman teaching hospital, Khartoum state on Sudanese patients attending emergency department with age above 18 years and newly diagnosed with diabetes mellitus. Twenty patients were assessed by questionnaires covering age, family history of DM, physical activity and diet. The BMI was calculated from the weight and height and the blood pressure was measured and 5 ml of venous blood was taken to measure a test of HbA1cusing Nycocard© machine after overnight fasting. The mean of HbA1c in newly discovered males was 11.88%±0.43and in females was 13.26%±0.66%.Female gander was found to be positive relationship to HbA1C but statistically not significant with a p value (0.086). HbA1c level in newly diagnosed diabetic Sudanese patients was found to be very high compared to the normal Sudanese values of HbA1c (3.8% ± 1.17 in males and 3.4% ± 1.17 in females) and to the diagnostic value of HbAIc (6.5%) which might indicate that DM diagnosis was late.

In aquatic ecosystems, metal concentrations are monitored by measuring the levels in fish, water and sediments. Contribution of heavy metals in the water bodies include industrial effluents, fossil fuels burning, agricultural runoffs, geological weathering domestic waste and human and animal excretions. Water, sediment and fish samples from the river were used to assess the levels of heavy metals concentration in the river. The objective of this study was to measure the concentration of levels of the heavy metals (Cd, Co, Cr, Zn, Pb, Cu, Fe, Mn and Ni) in samples of water, fish (Oreochromis niloticus) and sediments from Afram River. Heavy metal concentration and selected physicochemical parameters (Electrical conductivity, Temperature, TDS and pH) of the water samples were determined. Levels of the heavy metals (Cd, Co, Cr, Zn, Pb, Cu, Fe, Mn and Ni) in water, fish (Oreochromis niloticus) and sediments from Afram River were determined using VARIAN AA 240FS-Atomic Absorption Spectrometer in an acetylene- air flame. In the fish (Oreochromis niloticus) samples, the highest concentrations of 50.46 mg/kg, 34.18 mg/kg, and 15.60 mg/kg were recorded for the metal Fe in the fish gills, bones and muscles respectively whereas the lowest concentration of < 0.08 mg/kg was recorded for the metal Cd in the gills, bones and muscle.

The widespread use of E-commerce in the world is a new revolution in international trade. But it is regarded as a double-edged sword for the international trade. Some figure that E-commerce has a positive impetus for the development of international trade. The rest holds the view that E-commerce has worsened the trade conditions, especially, in the developing countries, like the massive tax loss. However, there are a few empirical studies on the dynamic relationship between E-commerce and international trade in the developing countries. China as a biggest developing country in the world, therefore, this paper uses the datum from 2000 to 2016 to explore the dynamic relationship between E-commerce and international trade in China via the method of combining theoretical model and empirical analysis. Preforming an empirical analysis under vector error correction model, the empirical analysis results indicate that the long-run relationship between E-commerce and international trade exists in China. More specifically, E-commerce has a positive effect on international trade.

A total of seventy five (75) marine fishes comprising eight (8) species were collected from local wholesale markets at Kaneshie and Abeka, Accra, Ghana. The samples obtained from Kaneshie market were Salmon salar (Salmon), Thunnus obesus (Tuna), Scomber scombrus(Atlantic mackerel) and Clupea harengus (Atlantic herring) and those obtained from Abeka market were Centroberyx affinis (Red fish), Merluccus paradoxas(Hake fish), Scomber trachurus (Atlantic horse mackerel) and Melanogrammus aeglefinus(Haddock). Mercury concentrations in the muscle and liver tissues were determined by cold vapour atomic absorption spectrophotometry using a semi-automated mercury analyzer. Mean mercury concentrations in the muscle ranged from 0.06 to 0.33 µg g-1 wet weight, with Thunnus obesus having the highest followed by Merluccus paradoxas which are all predatory fishes. Mean mercury concentration in the liver tissue ranged from 0.06 to 0.34 µg g-1 wet weight, with Thunnus obesus having the highest followed by Melanogrammus aeglefinus. There was no significant difference between mercury concentrations in the muscle and liver tissues for any of the samples. Low levels of mercury were found in both tissues for all the samples. Mercury concentrations were relatively greater in the tissues of higher trophic level fish such as Thunnus obesus, Merluccus paradoxas and Melanogrammus aeglefinus whereas low trophic level fishes recorded low mercury concentrations. The results obtained for total mercury concentration in the muscles analyzed in this study were below the WHO/FAO threshold limit of 0.5µg/g wet weight, which suggest that the exposure of the general public to mercury through fish consumption can be considered negligible.

This study empirically examines the effects of firm growth on the profitability of listed agricultural and agro allied firms in Nigeria. The population of the study consists of twenty four (24) listed agricultural and agro allied firms in Nigeria as at 31st December 2016. The sample size of the study is (20) twenty for the period of nine years (2008-2016). The judgmental sample technique was applied. The panel data was extracted from the annual report and accounts of the study firms. A multiple regression was used to analysis the data through STATA13 to test the null hypotheses of the study. The Hausman test conducted indicated that the model is fixed effect. The result of findings showed that sales growth has a positive and significant effect on return on asset, also asset growth shows a insignificant negative effect on return on asset, while firm age revealed a significant negative effect on return on asset of the listed agricultural and agro allied firms in Nigeria. It is recommended among others that the management of agricultural and agro allied firms in Nigeria should maintained a level of sales level through market strategies. The firm managers should strike a balance between asset investment and profitability and always maintain reasonable level of profitability has company grow older to prevent liquidation of companies.

The establishment of offshore aquaculture production areas that compete with traditional fishing activities is a potential source of conflict that needs to be assessed in coastal areas. Having little specific data available on the impacts of these farms, we aimed, through the present study, to gather information on this issue, especially regarding Monastir bay, a major zone of aquaculture production in the eastern shore of Tunisia. Hence, we have surveyed fishers‟ observations through a questionnaire-based methodology. A total of 78 fishermen were interviewed, in December 2016, in three different ports: Monastir, Sayada and Teboulba. Results revealed that 77 % of local fishing communities complained about the loss of fishing grounds and changes in the quantity and quality of catches. Net damage, caused by dolphin predation, was reported by 31% of fishermen. The most abundant and dominant fish and mollusc species around fish farms, as reported by 30% of inquired fishermen, were Mugil cephalus, Octopus vulgaris and Sardinella aurita, while 15% of fishermen interviewed reported the presence of marine turtles near cage fish farms. The present survey already provides an important data platform that will be useful to decision makers, to adopt appropriate strategies allowing harmonious coexistence between fish farms and fishing activities, in order to ensure ecological sustainability.

This study aims to analyze the influence of internal control system and internal audit performed by the government on the prevention of corruption mediated using accrual-based accounting. The research is descriptive and causal using survey method by gathering questionnaire from the whole population. There were 102 respondents who are civil servant employees of the Government of North Sumatra Province. For data analysis, the study used PLS SEM aided by software program SmartPLS version 3.0. The results of this study revealed that the government internal control system has a positive effect on the implementation of accrual based accounting, while internal audit has no effect on the accounting implementation. For implementation of accrual-based accounting has a positive effect on prevention of corruption. Likewise, the government internal control system has a positive effect on corruption prevention and also internal audit positively affects the prevention of corruption. The government internal control system influences the prevention of corruption through the implementation of accrual based accounting while the internal audit has no effect on the prevention of corruption through the implementation of accrual-based accounting.

Thioquinazolinones are utilized in chemical synthesis of physiological significance and pharmacological utility. Thioquinazolinones are a large class of active chemical compounds exhibiting a broad spectrum of biological activities in animals as well as in humans. Research studies on thioquinazolinones reveals that the derivatives can be used in series of biological activities such as anti HIV, anticancer, antifungal, antibacterial, antimutagenic, anticoccidial, anticonvulsant, antiinflammatory, CNS depressant, antimalarial, antioxidant, antileukemic activity, antileishmanial activity. This review focused on the various biological activities of thioquinazolinones. The heterocyclic fused rings thioquinazoline have drawn a huge consideration owing to their expanded applications in the field of pharmaceutical chemistry. Thioquinazolinone are reported for their diversified biological activities and compounds with different substitutions bring together to knowledge of a target with understanding of the molecule types that might interact with the target receptors. Thioquinazolinones are an important chemical for the synthesis of various physiological significance and pharmacological utilized molecules. Thioquinazolinone are a large class of biologically active compounds that exhibited broad spectrum of biological activities such as anti-HIV, anticancer, antifungal, antibacterial, antimutagenic, anticoccidial, anticonvulsant, anti-inflammatory, antidepressant, antimalarial, antioxidant, antileukemic, and antileishmanial activities and other activities. Thioquinazolinone used as advantaged scaffold, the alteration is made with different substituent.

This study investigates the relationship between globalization and economic growth. Globalization has its effect on economic growth either positively or negatively. Globalization affects positively the economy of countries with welleducated workers and better financial systems. However, low-income countries do not benefit from it. The positive impacts of globalization on economic growth are several. It makes markets more efficient by increasing competition. This creates variety and leads to economic growth. Moreover, it increases foreign direct investment rates by facilitating technology transfer, industrial restructuring and the growth of global companies. A countries‟ economy can benefit from this point through taxes on the foreign investment or the increase of employment rates. However, globalization has some negative impacts on economy. If a country‟s economy become at risk, it may affect large number of countries. During the global financial crisis In 2007and 2008, the United States faced a crisis in the subprime mortgage market and this crisis extended to other countries in Europe and Asia even in the Gulf countries. Some countries‟ economies collapsed because of this crisis. This study is significant because it helps experts and the readers to know more aspects of globalization and economic growth of developing and developed Countries.