Diversity and conservation status of plant species used for oral and dental management by the inhabitants of Bayelsa State, Nigeria were assessed. Information on the indigenous knowledge of the plant species use was obtained via semi-structured questionnaire guide, and field trip involved key informants. Species used for oral and dental care were identified, and their relative abundant status determined. The study revealed that different kinds of plant with varied growth habits were used for orodental care; however some of the plants are becoming rare due to unprecedented deforestation. Fidelity level (FL), and Respondents Consensus Factor (RCF) revealed the relative importance and level of respondents’ reliance on the plants. The study further showed that leaves, roots and plant inflorescence played significant role in oral treatment either singly or in combination of other plant parts steeped in ogogoro, a local gin. Many of the plants assessed were obtained from the wild, forest being their primary source. Thus, with the increasing level of deforestation in the State and the unsustainable collection pattern, combined with blasé attitude, the consequence of erosion of culture: it becomes pertinent to document information of plant species used for oral and dental management in the State.

Gold is a safe haven asset especially in times of uncertainties and can provide long-term capital gain. The objective of this study is to investigate the causality relationship among the changes of the Malaysia stock price index (KLCI), US stock price index (DOJ), Malaysian currency exchange rate (EXR) and crude oil price (COP) on the gold price (POG) in the Malaysian Market. This study employs vector error correction method with co-integration analysis, Granger causality test, and model evaluation. Based on the findings, COP and the lagged of the gold price (POG) only have a significant short-term relationship, however, the KLCI, DOJ, EXR and COP has also a significant long-term relationship with the gold price. Moreover, POG granger causes KLCI and COP also granger causes POG, both are uni-directional causality. Furthermore, EXR granger causes POG with bi-directional causality. Evidently, EXR and COP changes are importantly affecting the gold price changes. Otherwise, the gold price changes are affecting also the changes of KLCI and EXR in the study. These findings are important for investors who are opportunities for investment in gold in Malaysia.

The study investigated information sourcing situation surrounding crop farmers in Abak agricultural zone of Akwa Ibom State, Nigeria. Specifically, effective and responsive media sources were mapped in terms of availability, preference and Constraints to use among crop farmers in the study area. A multi-stage sampling technique was used in the selection of respondents. Preferred Sources of Information Questionnaire (PSIQ) with reliability index of 0.84 was administered on 90 Crop farmers in the study area. Data were analysed through the use of descriptive statistics. Findings revealed that the dominant age bracket constituted 64.5% of the sampled population. About 81.1% of the respondents were male and 55.6 % were married. 15.5% attended higher institution and 57.7% acquired SSC. Majority (52.22%) had between 3-10 years of farming experience while 66.67 % took crop farming as their primary occupation. 95.6% of the respondents identified mobile phones as their major available source of information while 92.2% identified both television and radio as their available sources of information. Other major available sources of information were internet (91.1%), co-farmers (90%), and extension agent (82.2%). Crop farmers association and posters (50%) each were considered the least available sources of information. Television and mobile phones with a mean value of 1.8 each were the most preferred sources of information utilized by crop farmers in the study area, followed by extension agents (1.6), internet (1.6) and co farmers (1.5). The results across all the constraints portrayed that almost all the identified constraints (16 out of 19) had influence on the utilization of available sources of information by the respondents. Adequate training centers, access to ICTs centers and increased extension agent ratio should be put in place to ameliorate the severity of the constraints faced by the respondents in utilizing the available sources of information in the study area.

Rosuvastatin calcium is hypolipidemic drug and has low oral bioavailability of about 20% due to poor aqueous solubility and hepatic first-pass metabolism. These are major boundaries inefficient delivery of RC by oral route. Several delivery approaches are known to moderate the difficulties of solubility and increase the oral bioavailability of RC. Among numerous approaches, nanotechnology-based delivery of RC has prospective to overcome the challenges associated with the oral administration. This review focuses on various nano-based delivery systems such as nanoparticles, lipid nanoparticles, SEDDS and SNEDDS and tried for improving the aqueous solubility, dissolution and subsequently bioavailability of RC upon oral administration. Of all, solid lipid nanoparticles appear to be promising delivery system, based on current reported results, for delivery of RC, as this system improved the oral bioavailability and possessed prolonged pharmacodynamic effect.

Ethanolic root extract of Solanum torvum Sw (Family: Solanaceae) was evaluated for its antihyperglycemic and antilipidemic activity in streptozotocin induced diabetic rats. The extract was given orally in two different doses (200 and 400 mg/kg) for 28 days. Metformin (2.5 mg/kg) was used as a standard drug for activity comparison. Various parameters studied were blood glucose concentration, serum lipids, glycosylated haemoglobin and liver glycogen. The extract showed significant antihyperglycemic activity in dose dependent manner. Further, the extract was favourably and significantly corrected the alterations in the values of the lipid parameters, organ weights, liver glycogen and glycosylated haemoglobin content in diabetic rats. Therefore, it may be suggested that the ethanolic root extract of Solanum torvum has potential ability to prevent the secondary complications of diabetes mellitus like atherosclerosis.

Water is one of the most natural resources in dry areas, as it controls the presence, distribution and density of plants, animals and humans. Water is scarce or non-existent on the surface of dry lands around the world, it is clearly characterized by the appearance of dry areas on the appearance of the adjacent rain areas, However, in order to utilize dry areas in grazing and in stable agriculture, in trade, in the utilization of mineral resources, and in the establishment of urban centers, water must be found in sufficient quantities that are reliable and have qualitative characteristics that allow for selected economic activity. The western Anbar Plateau (116,000), or 26.5% of Iraq's total area of 438,317 km2 and 84.2% of the Anbar region, is characterized by low water availability. It is therefore necessary to increase efforts and harness energies to discover new water sources which are represented by ground water that compensates for the shortage of surface water quantities, especially as its use (groundwater) began to increase in most countries of the world. Generally water is the source of life for all human creatures on the surface of this planet, In the near future; the conflict will also be over water rather than energy. Here the problem of the research appears which is identified by the following question: - Is there in the western plateau of Anbar, despite the large space occupied by the scarcity of water sources mature development projects rely primarily on the investment of groundwater reservoirs located therein, which contributes to the regular redistribution of the population. The hypothesis of the research was summarized as: - Defining the requirements of economic and social development that contribute to the foundations of human stability in that region by studying the groundwater and its areas of presence in the western plateau of Anbar.

H pylori infection is well known to be the most common human infection worldwide on the basis of the fact that approximately 50% of the worldwide populations are infected and that human beings are the main reservoir. Infection is more prevalent in developing countries, and incidence is decreasing in Western countries. Moreover, it has been proved to be associated to endocrine system regulation of various hormones in the body, prolactin (PRL) is one of the reproductive hormones, which is secreted by the anterior pituitary gland. The biological actions of prolactin hormone are Lactotrophic effects, metabolic effects influence to action of other hormones, osmoregulatory effects, and Influence of prolactin on the immunological system. This study was conducted in Khartoum State at the period from December 2015 to May 2016, and aimed to determine the possible effect of H. pylori infection on serum prolactin levels in Child-bearing females age (15 – 45). Sample size was 50 females infected with H. pylori and 50 uninfected females as control group. Stool Samples were taken from the entire study subject (100) samples to confirm the results of H. pylori Ab ICT in serum. The stool samples were analyzed by using H.pylori stool Ags detections ICT. Serum prolactin level was measured by using Cobas e411chemistry analyzer, the results showed that Prolactin concentration was higher in the patients compared with controls. In this study hyperprolactinemia due to H.pylori infection was reported in 52% of the patients. Statistical analysis showed that there was significant difference in the mean of prolactin concentration between infected and uninfected females group (P= 0.000). Regarding correlation between prolactin concentration and subject’s age, H. pylori infection duration or recurrence of infection, no significant was found to be observed.

Tuberculosis of the temporalis muscle is a rare clinical entity. Diagnosis is difficult because there are no specific clinical, radiological or biological signs of the disease. Only bacteriological and histopathological findings can confirm the diagnosis. Treatment is based on anti-tuberculous drugs and allows usually a favourable evolution. The aim of this paper is to report a case of primary tuberculosis of the temporalis muscle in a 67-year-old female, and to stress the corresponding diagnostic pitfalls.

Periodontitis are multifactorial infections that begin with a period of inflammation of the supporting tissues of the teeth and then progress destroying the tissues until loss of the teeth. The goal of periodontal treatment is to stop the progression of the disease, restore functions and regenerate the damaged tissue. However, regeneration of different tissues, by conventional treatments, still remains great challenge. To address this, there are several approaches to tissue engineering for regenerative dentistry, among them, the use of stem cells by including dental pulp stem cells (DPSCS), periodontal ligament stem cells (PDLSCS), stem cells from the dental apical papilla (SCAPS), stem cells from human exfoliated deciduous teeth (SHEDS), dental follicle stem cells (DFSCS), dental epithelial stem cells (DESCS), bone marrow mesenchymal stem cells (BMMSCS), adipose-derived stem cells (ADSCS), embryonicstem cells (ESCS) and induced pluripotent stem cells (IPSCS). This novel approach may represent an effective therapeutic tool for periodontal regeneration. However, there are still obscurities regarding the mechanisms underlying in periodontal regeneration and challenges in applications of dental stem cell. Further efforts are necessary before moving to clinical trials for future applications.

The article analyzes the importance of marketing knowledge in the implementation of the Vilnius College / University of Applied Sciences project "Ukrainian Studies Platform (demobilized soldiers of the Ato area)". Analyzing the importance of marketing and entrepreneurship knowledge for Ukrainian soldiers, marketing research, creating new businesses. Entrepreneurship involves not only the knowledge and skills that are needed independent business creation and development (marketing, financial management, business management knowledge and skills, etc.), but the various knowledge and abilities needed to rationally and economically deal with various professional and personal life problems and related situations with employment, job search, professional career, decision of professional tasks, topical solving public problems. Important elements of entrepreneurship are ingenuity, openness to innovation and ability to apply creatively new solutions, ability to evaluate the costs and potential benefits of implementing the solution [18].

Despite widespread use, little is known about the risk associated with insecticides exposure to human health hence, this study. 48 wistar rats (90-120g) were randomly grouped into six (n=8). All except Normal control (NC) were exposed to domestic insecticide fumes once every 48 hours. Group 2, insecticide control (IC) was exposed to (20% of 81.55mg/m3) 0.20mg/ml of DAKSH insecticide. Group 3, positive control (PC) was treated with a standard testosterone drug-Nugenix. Groups 4, 5 and 6 received 400mg/kg b.w each of crude extract (CE), ethylacetate and n-hexane fractions of Vernonia calvaona (VC) daily via orogastric intubation for 21 days. After administration, animal sacrifice and blood collection was done via cardiac puncture for analysis. The result presented a significant decrease (p<0.05) in testosterone of IC group compared to NC. Groups 3 and all treated groups effected progressive increase in testosterone concentration compared to IC group. FSH was significantly reduced (p>0.05) in IC and n-hexane fraction of VC compared to control. However, nugenix treated and ethylacetate fraction caused a remarkable increase in FSH compared to IC. WBC was significantly decreased (p<0.05) in IC and n-hexane groups compared to control. The Crude Extract treated group significantly increased WBC count compared to IC group. Histopathological studies of the testes showed varied levels of histological derangements in IC while Ethyl acetate treated group showed highest regenerative ability. This study revealed that insecticides adversely affected male gonads while the extracts showed ameliorative effects with the highest effect seen in ethyl acetate fraction in managing the insecticide induced damage.

Projects are a means by which new and improved products and services can be delivered. In today‟s digital, real-time marketplace, it is important that organizations are able to deliver products and services to market as quickly and efficiently as possible. A sequential approach to project delivery does not support change and is perceived as cumbersome and slow to deliver. In contrast, agile project delivery is adaptive and flexible. The agile approach to project delivery supports a differing mindset. A mindset that is focused on growth and delivery, in short manageable components, embracing and not rejecting change. Working within an agile project delivery framework is different, and requires project team members and participants to embrace a new way of working. A way of working that is focused on delivery through collaboration, and less of an emphasis on documentation.

Wounds are a significant cause of morbidity worldwide, studies show that for every million wound patients, at least 10.000 die from microbial infections. The skin is a vital organ that serves as a protective barrier between the human bodies on its external environment. Staphylococcus aureus has been known as a cause of deepseated wound infection for close to a century, having recognized as a cause of nosocomial infection and super infection in patients receiving antimicrobial agent such as surgical cases. MRSA colonizing the anterior nares and skin of human are the major sources of surgical site infection as well as nosocomial spread. Methicillin-resistant Staphylococcus aureus (MRSA) are bacteria resistant to penicillin and cephalosporin classes of antibiotics and are often resistant to many other classes of antibiotics. Importance of S. aureus as persistent nosocomial and community acquired pathogen has become a global health concern. The aim of this study to determine the frequency and antibiotic susceptibility pattern of S.aureus isolated from wound infected patient attending Wad Madani Teaching Hospitals. Two hundred samples collected from patients with infected wound at the period from April to July 2016. Out of 200 samples examined, 60 (30%) isolates of S. aureus obtained, 116 (58%) other bacterial species and 24 (12%) samples showed no growth. The highest isolation rate of S. aureus 60% occurred among age group (41-60) and according to gender 32 (53.3%) S. aureus isolated from male and 28 (46.7%) from female. The overall profile of susceptibility pattern showed that vancomycin and linezolid were more sensitive (100%), amoxicillin and penicillin were the least sensitive (10%) and (36%) respectively. The result of the study showed that frequency of S. aureus isolated from infected wounds 60 (30%) and vancomycin and linezolid are more effective in the management of S. aureus in this locality.

Severe postburn contracture deformity of both knee and ankle joint causes severe functional limitations. The mainstay of treatment is early surgical excision of contracture tissue and resurfacing with STSG, local flaps and free flaps. All patients admitted with severe postburn contracture of knee and ankle joint between January 2016 to April 2018. All underwent staged management with excision of contracture tissue followed by continuous skin or skeletal traction. And after correction of residual joint contracture the defect is resurfaced with STSG. In all patient’s correction of flexion deformity was achieved. Graft failure was present in 5 patients, in which 2 required re-grafting. Staged treatment with excision followed by continuous traction and then resurfacing with STSG. Customized post-operative splintage results in full correction with adequate coverage of knee and ankle joint contracture

Impaction of maxillary central incisors are only seldom encountered in clinical practices. Impaction of permanent anterior teeth results in both aesthetic impairment and functionally compromised occlusion. Careful planning and interdisciplinary approach are required for the successful management of impacted central incisor. The present case report highlights a case where patient reported with a missing left central incisor, at the age of 9 years and 2 months. A palpable crown prominence on labial gingival mucosa in the vestibule was suggestive of the impacted maxillary central incisor. On Cbct examination 21 was located below the nasal floor with long axis of the tooth near parallel to palatal plane. The crown of the impacted 21 faced labially at the level of middle third of the root of 11. The root formation was incomplete. The crown of the impacted teeth was exposed with the help of a diode laser under LA. A lingual button is bonded on the palatal surface of the exposed crown. PAE brackets are bonded to 12, 11 and 22 with slot alignment. E- thread is tied from the monkey loop from the attachment of exposed crown to the 0.018 special Autsralian base archwire. Traction was progressively continued till a PAE bracket could be bonded followed by a piggy back traction by 0.014 Niti. Case was finished with disimpacted 21 in alignment with the arch. Disimpaction and alignment of incisor achieved by a minimally invasive technique was successful and showed good stability.