In an attempt to synthesize some novel, potent antitubercular and antioxidant agents here we have reported the synthesis of a novel series of tetrahydroquinoline derivatives (III a-g). In this the titled compounds were synthesized by the reaction between substituted aromatic primary amines, N-vinylpyrrolidin-2-one and 4-nitro phthalic acid in acetonitrile. Structure of the synthesized compounds were confirmed on the basis of their physico-chemical and spectral data (IR, 1H NMR, 13C NMR and Mass). All the synthesized compounds were screened for their antitubercular and antioxidant activities using the Microplate Alamar Blue Assay (MABA) method and nitric oxide scavenging, DPPH method respectively. For antitubercular and antioxidant activities screening isoniazid and ascorbic acid were used as the standard drugs respectively. Among the synthesized compounds III a, III d and III e have shown significant anti-tubercular activity and compounds III a, III b and III e have shown significant antioxidant activity

The erythrocyte sedimentation rate (ESR) is a nonspecific screening test to assess elevations of acute phase proteins that occur in various acute and chronic diseases. The aim of the study was to compare the ESR values by automated analyzer against the standard Westergren’s method. The comparison was done among 450 patient’s samples. In which 90 samples showed high degree of difference because of high ESR values and 180 samples showed low degree of difference because of low ESR values. The conclusion was automated ESR estimation helped a lot in measurement of ESR values in short time, but marked difference of ESR values shown in high ESR values.

This study aimed to explore the gender and hierarchical level differences in loneliness at work. A sample of 143 employees who worked at the Thai government bank headquarters was gathered by using proportional stratified sampling technique. Loneliness at Work Scale (LWS) was modified to use as the instrument for data collection. Results of independent samples t-test analysis revealed that there was a significant difference in males and females with respect to loneliness at work (t = 3.079, p < 0.002). This suggested that males were experiencing loneliness at work more than females. Results also showed a significant difference in employees and employers with respect to loneliness at work (t = -3.458, p < 0.001). This suggested that employees were experiencing loneliness at work less than employers. This present study suggested that the further study should compare mean differences of loneliness in the workplace in other sociodemographic variables.

Abstract: Essential oil of Fagara macrophylla from DR Congo was tested for antihemolytic, radical scavenging and antibacterial activities. The extraction gives an essential oil yield of 1.08 %, density of 0.7066 and refractive index of 1.4721 20°C. Aqueous and methanolic extracts showed high antisickling activity with the normalization rate (NR), the minimal concentration of normalization (MCN) and the concentration that normalized 50% of RBC (ED50) for aqueous extract of respectively 93%, 8µg/mL and 0.43µg/mL and for the methanolic extract NR, MCN and ED50 are respectively of 91%, 12µg/mL and 0.60µg/mL. The essential oil showed no antisickling activity but weak antihemolytic and radical scavenging activities. The F macrophylla essential oil showed higher bacterial activity on Staphylococcus aureus than the two antibiotics used as standards (Meropenem, Ceftriaxone).

This complete-enumeration, before-and-after study (without controls), was conducted on third-year medical students in Maharashtra, India. Traditional didactic lectures were delivered on eight non-communicable diseases/conditions mentioned in the University syllabus for the subject of Community Medicine. The pre-test, conducted after the traditional didactic lectures, comprised eight questions pertaining to these eight topics. For case-based learning, participating students (n=61) were randomly assigned, using lottery method, to two sub-groups comprising 30 and 31 students, respectively, to enable small-group discussion. The students in each sub-group were similarly exposed to case scenarios on all eight non-communicable diseases/conditions and the same facilitators jointly guided the discussion. An identical questionnaire was used for the pre- and post-tests. The scores from students in the two sub-groups were combined for analysing results of the pre- and post-tests. The outcome studied was the difference in cognitive domain scores after attending traditional didactic lectures (by pre-test) and case-based learning (by post-test). The mean correct scores (out of 80) in the post-test (51.61 ± 7.42) were significantly higher (Z=10.088; p<0.0001) than that in the pre-test (40.61 ± 4.18). Gender difference was statistically significant for questions on obesity (Z=2.622; p=0.0088) and blindness (Z=2.017; p=0.0434) in the pre-test, but there was no significant gender difference in the post-test scores. Though case-based learning significantly increased the cognitive domain scores in all eight topics, additional educational interventions would be required for some students who obtained low scores in the post-test

Most public pre-school centres in Kenya have stalled educational programmes marked by irregular and delay of teachers’ salaries, inconsistent feeding programmes, poor physical infrastructure and unclear educational policy guidelines. Therefore it is clear that financial management strategies are crucial for efficiency to be realized in finances in Pre-school centres. This study was guided by the following objectives: To establish existing planning strategies in the financing public pre-school education and to examine alternative planning strategies for financing public pre-school education in Eldoret East Sub-County. This study adopted a descriptive survey design. The study targeted 1 sub-county education officers, 174 Head Teachers, 174 Pre-school teachers and 174 SMC chairpersons in the Eldoret East Sub- County. It used a purposive sampling for the 1 sub-County educational officers and simple random sampling for the 52 Head Teachers, 52 Pre-school teachers, 52 and 52 SMC chairpersons. The researcher used questionnaires and interview. Data was presented using tables and figures. The study findings indicated that there was a significant relationship between planning strategies employed and financing public pre-school education. The study recommends that there is need for Pre-school management committee to plan for resources early enough before spending to curb waste.

Cypermethrin, a broad spectrum insecticide, has been extensively used for pest management and animal husbandry practices. Previous studies have shown that cypermethrin has teratogenic effect on rat foeti born to exposed dam or buck with no information on its effect on their haematological profile. The present study was aimed to assess the haematological profile of rat offspring exposed to beta cypermethrin during the perinatal period. Fifteen pregnant animals (Day 0 = day of mating, average body-weight = 190g) were randomly divided into 3 groups. Group A (Control) received 0.5ml olive oil, Group B (15 mg/kg β-cyp) and Group C (30 mg/kg β-cyp,) by oral gavage from gestational day (GD) 1 – post natal day (PND) 20. The litter size and foeti weights were taken on PND 0, 7, 14 and 21. On GD 21, blood samples were collected from 5 pups from each group for haematology. β-cyp caused a significant (p< 0.05) decrease in the packed cell volume, haemoglobin concentration, platelets and red blood cell count. Significant (p< 0.05) decrease in foeti weights were observed on PND 14 and 21. It is concluded that β-cyp has a dose-dependent toxic effects on the haematology of albino rat offspring exposed during the perinatal period

The adult earthworm Eudrilus eugenia are exposed to four sublethal concentrations such as 0.25gm/Kg, 0.5gm/Kg, 0.75gm/Kg and 1gm/Kg ZnO NPs. Biochemical and tissue damaging parameters are studied in Gut, Bodywall and Testis organs of both control and nanoparticles treated groups. The ANOVA results showed ZnO NPs treated groups results are significantly differed (p<0.05) than control group. Total Sugars, Total Cholesterol, Total Protein levels are significantly reduced whereas increased Urea, transaminase (GOT & GPT) and phosphatase (ALP & ACP) levels found in treated group organs. The results indicated that exposure of ZnO NPs through soil disturbed the basic biochemical compounds in tissues and their damages are indicated by increased enzyme levels.

Consanguinity constitutes one of the major health problems worldwide, in which consanguineous marriages are associated with an increased risk for congenital malformations and autosomal recessive diseases. Although the advancement in modern biomedicine and forensic laboratories techniques continue to guide scientists to move forward to unravel many life sciences secrets, it is still ambiguous to investigate the full picture of milk kinship and its related consanguinity. Theoretically, it is possible to see such consanguinity developed from early sufficient breast-milk feeding. Thus, scientists should cooperate to investigate the problem practically to find a proper solution. This review article focuses on the alleged consanguinity that evolves from milk breastfeeding or beyond through wet nursing or milk formula feeding. Additionally, this article proposes the idea of removing milk genetic components to establish a new safe genetically free formula as a promising solution

The aim of the present study was to investigate the antibacterial properties of Acalypha indica. Number of resistant antibiotics is increasing and antibacterial activity testing is one of the steps to find treatment of diseases. Acalypha indica is well known medicinal plant and it is a wild plant. It was used as infection treatment for generation to treat several diseases such as asthma, and pneumonia.The susceptibility of five human pathogenic bacterial species to Acalyphin isolated from the leaves of Acalypha indica plant was screened using the agar well diffusion and broth micro-dilution assay. The purity of Acalyphin isolated was checked by TLC and column chromatography and total Acalyphin were quantified. In the present study, the inhibitory action of the Acalyphin was found to increase with an increase in concentration against all bacterial strains. The maximum zone of inhibition was observed at the concentration of 500 µg/ml against all the bacteria. In this study, the S. aureus and E. coli are the more susceptible than the other selected human pathogenic bacteria. From the above investigation the experimental Acalypha indica plant may solve the multidrug resistant bacteria problem and further higher studies is need for qualitative study for the present investigation.

Hereditary gingival fibromatosis (FGH) is a gingival pathology of genetic origin characterized by a slow and progressive proliferation of the keratinized gingiva. The diagnosis is clinical, confirmed by histology. The treatment is surgical and involves the excision of excess tissue with gingivoplasty, but the recurrence rate remains high, especially in severe cases. We report a case of generalized FGH, whose evolution was favorable after surgical treatment. Observation: A 42-year-old patient, with no notable history, who presented in our consultation for a gingival hypertrophy evolving since childhood. Endobuccal examination showed diffuse gingival hypertrophy with poor oral status. Gingival biopsy revealed gingival fibromatosis. Treatment consisted of excision of excess tissue with gingivoplasty. No recidivism after a decline of three years. Discussion: FGH is a genetic gingival pathology whose clinical appearance is variable, it may be generalized or localized to a maxillary sector, isolated or associated. The positive diagnosis is mostly clinical confirmed by histology (hyperplastic epithelium and dense connective tissue), the treatment is surgical and consists of excision of excess gingival tissue with gingivoplasty. Our patient has a severe FGH that has evolved after surgical treatment

Six cyanobacterial strains were isolated from pesticide exposed paddy field soil by enrichment method. The isolate exhibited unicellular and filamentous character and are designated and identified as JMCTTKC1-Phormidium pachydermaticum, JMCTTKC3-Oscillatoria chalybea, JMCTTKC4-Oscillatoria tenuis, JMCTTKC5-Oscillatoria ornata, JMCTTKC6-Chroococcus dispersus and JMCTTKC7-Phormidium tenue. The effect of 0.05% of lambdacyhalothrin was analysed on chlorophyll-a and protein content of the cyanobacterial isolates in mineral medium at different time intervals. The maximum level of chlorophyll-a content JMCTTKC4-Oscillatoria tenuis-39.3500µg/mL and protein content JMCTTKC6-Chroococcus dispersus- 99.9µg/mL was recorded on the 9th day sample. At the same time decreased level of chlorophyll-a content JMCTTKC1-Phormidium pachydermaticum-3.8597µg/mL and protein content JMCTTKC3-Oscillatoria chalybea 24.73µg/mL was observed on 13th day sample. From this above observation it was clearly noted that the selected isolates are capable of degrading Lamdacyhalothrin pesticide and used its metabolites as a sole carbon and nitrogen source for their growth.

One of the most serious complications of DM is cardiovascular disease, particularly among asymptomatic patients or those without glycemic control. Therefore, the aim of the present study was to assess the risk of cardiovascular disease (Heart attack, congestive heart failure, stroke and deep vein thrombosis) among Saudi Diabetic patients. In this study, bout 1406 diabetic patients’ records were retrieved from different hospitals and primary health centers in Hail region, Northern Saudi Arabia. The overall prevalence of cardiovascular disease (CVD) among Saudi diabetic patients was 10.2%. The highest prevalence rate of cardiovascular conditions was pointed out to heart attack followed by stroke, CHF and DVT representing 4%, 3%, 1.6%, and 1.5%, respectively. The prevalence rates of CVD are relatively higher among Saudi diabetic population. There is urgent need for implementing specific strategies to decrease the prevalence of CVD among Saudi diabetic patients.

Presently an experiment was conducted so as to understand the moulting behaviour in freshwater crab Maydelliatelphusa masoniana in the laboratory conditions. Out of eight crabs only five could moult while three died during ecdysis. All the crabs exhibited the same pattern of moulting viz., appearance of double lining in pereiopods, the old carapace becoming light in colour follow by its split along the posterolateral margin of the dorsal side, anterolateral border of the ventral side and posterior border of the chelipeds and legs. A new pre-exuvial soft layer is formed below the old carapace. The whole process of moulting got completed within 20-25 minutes.

In present study an attempt was made to prepare microballoons of Telmisartan by emulsion solvent diffusion technique for sustained delivery by using polymers like Ethyl cellulose to extend the drug release for about 12 hours in the upper GIT, which may result in enhanced absorption and there by improved bioavailability. Formulation optimization of Telmisartan loaded microballoons was carried out by using different concentration of Polyvinyl alcohol (PVA) and Ethyl cellulose. Total 9 batches were formulated. All 9 batches were evaluated for entrapment efficiency (EE) and buoyancy. Among all batches DP4 shows maximum entrapment efficiency (EE) and buoyancy and was considered as optimized formulation. DP4 batch was further used for process optimization. The process optimization was carried out at three different stirring speeds i.e. 1300, 1500 and 1700 rpm for three different stirring time period i.e. 1hr, 2hr and 3 hr and another 9 batches were formulated. Out of all the batches DP13 showed the spherical shape of microballoons without formation of flakes. Optimized batch DP13 was evaluated for Zeta Potential, Particle Size Distribution which show -41.8mV and 1.344 µm particle size, SEM, XRD Analysis. Batch DP13 was charged for stability and were placed in glass vials container and stored at ICH storage condition (2°C - 4°C Refrigeration condition , 30 ± 2°C / 60% ± 5% RH , 40 ± 2°C / 75% ± 5% RH ) for a period of 30 days. The samples were analyzed for physical appearance, buoyancy and for the drug release after 30 days. After 1 months samples were withdrawn and microballoons showed no change in physical appearances, buoyancy and drug release, which indicate that the microballoons were stable.