In rural areas, goats contribute to the reduction of malnutrition through their production of milk and meat. A review of the zootechnical and reproductive performance of goat breeds in Benin was made from ninety (90) articles, papers and documents related to these goat breeds. The main data concern the taxonomy of goats, their origin, the importance of goat rearing, the description and zootechnical parameters of the goat breeds encountered in Benin. The main local goat breeds encountered in Benin were the dwarf or Djallonke, the Sahelian breed and the red goat of Maradi. The exotic breeds mentionned in this paper concern the Alpine and the Saanen breeds. The zootechnical and reproductive performances varied from one goat race to another, but satisfactory overall. It is worth to focus on the breeding of these short-cycle species in order to meet the ever increasing demand for meat products. Alternatives for improving the performance of local breeds in crossing with exotic breeds constitute some ways to explore in order to boost the production of milk and meat goats in Benin.

Oral health enables an individual to speak, eat and socialize without active disease. Oral hygiene is the process of keeping oral free from pathological condition that affects gum disease, mouth ulcers and sores and cavities. Oral health affects the overall health of individuals, so it is very important to maintain oral hygiene. Knowledge, attitude and practice regarding oral-health are considered to be important requirements for improving oral health. To determine oral hygiene experience among students and describe their level of oral health knowledge, attitude and practice of oral hygiene. A cross-sectional analytical study design was used to examine the knowledge, attitude and practice of students regarding oral hygiene. A cross-sectional is that study that collects information from a population at specific time of period. Data was collected from 150 nursing students through convenient sampling techniques. Those who meet the inclusion criteria will be included in the study and those who don’t meet the criteria wasnot be the part of the study. Data was analyzed through SPSS version 21. Results suggest that there was satisfactory knowledge that is more than 80% of the study participants had knowledge about different knowledge based statements. The attitude and practices were some moderately around 50 to 60% of participants fall in this category. Overall knowledge was good but attitude and practices were low comparatively.

According to World Health Organization (WHO), “hygiene refers to conditions and practices that assistance to keep up wellbeing and avoid the spread of disease. Personal hygiene includes those practices performed by a person to care of one’s bodily well- being, through cleanliness. A Cross sectional descriptive study was conducted in primary school of Hussain Abad of Lahore. The instrument use for the data collection was adopted questioner and convenient sampling technique was used. Study included 119 primary school children most of them were males (55.4%), the majority were rural resident (88.7%) with their age ranged between 5-12 years and median age 10 years. More than three quarters of the children (77.1%) knew the requirement of personal hygiene. On the other hand more than half of them had a special towel and comb. About two thirds of children (65.4%) had good to moderate knowledge with nearly three quarters (73.6%) had positive attitudes and more than half (55.4%) had good practice. There was a moderate positive correlation between knowledge score with both the attitude and practice scores. Male and older children had a significant better knowledge, attitude and practice than female and younger ones. Residence had no significant effect on children knowledge, attitude and practice. Preschool children knowledge, attitudes, and practices about personal hygiene were deficient in some aspects.

During the current era the patients are too much demanding and always asking for quality services. Their expectations are raised and demand for optimal care from any health care setup. These high expectations from the hospitals result into a tough competition among the hospitals to work for excellence. As a result, health organizations in all sectors have been competing with each other in provision of service quality and customer satisfaction (Pinna et al.,). The main purpose of this study was to assess, Patients’ perceptions about quality of nursing care services public versus private hospitals Lahore. To assess the Patients’ perceptions about quality of nursing care services public versus private hospitals Lahore. A cross sectional descriptive survey was performed to analyze patients’ perceptions about quality of nursing care services. A convenient sample of n=200 was used to collect the information. A structured questionnaire with demographic variables and causes variables was applied. The data was analyzed on SPSS version 22. Independent “T “and ANOVA were applied to analyze the findings. According the findings of this study, only 26.5% of the study participants were poorly satisfied from the care of the hospitals while remaining 73.5% were highly satisfied from the hospital care. The purpose of this study was to assess the satisfaction level of patients from nursing care at public and private hospitals. Overall result shows that the satisfaction level was satisfactory for majority of the study participants.

The aim of this paper is to explore the key roles of higher education institutions based in the UK in terms of developing key skills to further prepare students for employment. The paper is exploring several key authorities and agencies based in the UK that have significant responsibility to assuring the quality of higher education in the country. The paper is focused on several key themes that are related to the research topic which can be summarised as the following: Culture, Graduate attributes and employability. The research is based on a review of a number of secondary sources from academic and professional articles as well as relevant agencies reports such as the Quality Assurance Agency (QAA) and according to the performance indicators published by the Higher Education Funding Council For England (HEFCE).

The aim of this paper is to explore the importance of research informed teaching in higher education and possible methods of imbedding it into the teaching practice. The paper is providing clarity on the key typologies of applying research informed teaching which can be divided as the following: Firstly, research led approach. Secondly, research-oriented approach. Thirdly, research-based approach. Fourthly, research tutored approach. The paper is also providing a case study based on the school of business and hospitality management within London College of Contemporary Arts (LCCA) to share practices that are currently being applied or planned as future activities. Furthermore, the paper is providing key benefits and challenges of embedding research informed teaching in curriculum. The paper concludes highlighting key recommendations derived from the review as well as the case study provided.

Globally there is an alarming situation where incidences of burn injury are very high. Every year approximately 265000 deaths are reported globally due to fire and burn related injuries and low income countries are affected the most. Worldwide statistics are such that in south East Asia (57%) deaths are reported due to burn injury, followed by Africa about 12%. The rate is lower in Eastern Mediterranean region which is about 11%. The main purpose of this study was, to assess the nurse’s practices related to aseptic techniques in management of burn patients at Jinnah Hospital and Mayo Hospital Lahore. A cross sectional descriptive survey was performed. A convenient sample of n=75 was used to collect the information. A structured questionnaire with demographic variables and causes variables was applied. The data was analyzed on SPSS version 21. 60% said that there appropriate adequate sink-be available, 92% said that there is water and soap supply in the ward while 98.7% said that there are adequate surface disinfectant, 52% said that adequate shoe cover before procedure and 98.67% answers are adequate nurse preparation before procedure. The purpose of this study was to assess the nurses practices related to aseptic techniques in burn patients, where very satisfactory practices were found.

Performance management in the public sector is faced with a unique batch of challenges, and these challenges need to be addressed and overcome if universities can hope to succeed in achieving their missions. And yet, many organizations are not even aware that these challenges exist. They’re using recommended models and tools but often applying them in the wrong way or wrong context and therefore not seeing the results they would hope for oganizations have to build their capacity and improve their organizational effectiveness with an eye towards sustainability and long-term change. Student recruitment is driven by the need to fill available places, but is also influenced by issues of quality, income generation and equity in participation. Funding is a constant source of concern, for both teaching and research, with institutions looking to both diversify and maximise income streams, whilst also looking to achieve enhanced efficiency and value for money. Globalisation and internationalisation, and new technology, pose additional challenges to universities. However, arguably the greatest pressures arise from increasing competition and marketisation, and from the politicisation of higher education.

Completion, access and participation in education are currently the most important ones in the implementation of education for all. This is particularly so when one considers the problems surrounding early marriages observed to lead to lower school completion rates and increased dropouts. It is with this in mind that the present study sought to examine the extent of early marriage practice on students’ completion and drop out in Nyamira North sub-county, Nyamira County, Kenya. The study adopted a descriptive survey design. The population was 38 Principals and students and 1400 parents. The sample was 322 students, 38 G/C teachers and parents. The survey instruments were piloted in Kisii County using the test-re-test method. The reliability coefficient obtained was 0.78 which was considered good enough for a scientific study. In addition, the research instruments were subjected to the scrutiny of two experts who established face as well as content validity. Data was collected from respondents using a specially designed questionnaire and interview schedule. The findings may enable students to obtain an education that is likely to lengthen their stay in school thus ending up in avoiding early marriages. The findings of the present study revealed that most of the principals, 52 percent responded that the extent of early marriage practice on students’ completion and drop out is very high. Few of them saw it as normal and that was 10.3 percent while 3.9 reported that not applicable at all. It also found out those 23 G /C teachers which makes up 61 percent agreed that female students are more linked to dropout than boys. The study concluded that more effort by all stakeholders be encouraged to retain students in schools till completion. The study recommended that guidance and counseling in schools be activated, G/C teachers should be motivated and equally important, the chaplaincy programs be initiated in schools for spiritual edification. The study considered the ethical considerations and respondents were explained the purpose of the study, guarded against plagiarism and respondents consent was sought.

Academic performance in Nyandarua Central sub-county has been dwindling for more than a decade now with no tangible cause got so far. Several educationists have been unable to unearth what ails it, mainly targeting teaching methods and improving them through Strengthening mathematics and science Education initiative, (SMASE), with no improvement and have left it to persist, prompting the locals to feel obliged to search for solutions to their problem. This study therefore sought to establish the influence of divorce on student's academic achievement in public secondary schools in Nyandarua Central sub- county, Kenya. The study was governed by Joyce Epstein’s theory of parental involvement in children’s academic achievement. The study used mixed methodology and concurrent triangulation design in data collection and analysis, by first clustering the twenty schools into day and boarding schools which have unique manifestation of extraneous causes and of non-performance in academics. The target population was secondary school students in public schools in this sub county are 12,800 of whom those that experience conflict at home number 4,661 and 960 parents and 600 teachers out of whom the sample was 270 students, 180 teachers and 240 parents. Data on performance was collected from progressive performance records of end tem examinations, while information on family conflict was gathered using questionnaires for students, teachers and parents and interview schedules for clarity and to increase response rate by busy respondents. Validity was done by the expert in the department and research. Reliability of the instruments was done by piloting and test retest administered Cronbach's Coefficient Alpha of 0.73 was realized. Quantitative data was analyzed descriptively by graphs, percentages, frequencies. The packages for social sciences (SPSS 22), whereas qualitative data was analyzed thematically, it was presented in narrative form. The results of this research showed an existence very high percentage 60% of administers agreed family set up influences academic achievement. The mean number of siblings of the respondents was 8.49 with a standard deviation of 1.37 siblings. A cumulative percentage of 91.0% of the respondents had up to 4 siblings. This implies most families have at most 6 members. The study concluded that the strong parental involvement is essential for educational progress and success. Consent of the respondets was sought. Based on the findings of the study the study recommended that: the society should strengthen family unit to reduce conflicts that pose challenges to pupil’s academic efforts. Parents should closely follow up children’s schools routines and coordinate with teachers, healthy dialogue, motivate and advice children on studies.

The purpose of this study was to establish the leadership skills employed by principal on student academic performance in public teachers training colleges in Lake Region, Kenya. This research therefore, targeted all 4 Principals, 4 Board of Management chair persons and 52 college HODs and 180 student leaders‟ total of 240 participants. The sampling technique applied here was convenient sampling for principals, BOM-chairmen and HODs for they were few hence all were considered 100 percent. Hence purposive sampling to select principals, BOM chairpersons and HODs. While 30 % was used to select student leaders whose population was 180. Stratified sampling technique was used to distribute the student leaders equitably to the four colleges (15-each) that also ensured gender equality and random sampling was finally used to select the participating sample. Questionnaires and interviews schedules were used in collecting data. The researcher ensured that these instruments were tested for reliability by using test re- test methods and validity by using suggestions from supervisors before setting out to collect data. Split-Half technique was employed for the test of reliability, the Pilot questionnaires were divided into two equivalent halves and their correlation co-efficient for the two halves computed using the Spearman rank correlation coefficient, describing the internal consistency of the test then if it showed that the instrument is reliable, correlation coefficient minimum of 0.65 was accepted as reliable. The researcher adhered to regulations and ethical considerations. The findings revealed that administrative council met (50%) both monthly and quarterly; he had facilitated strategic planning by monitoring and ensuring a high budget adherence as indicated by (75%) he as well ensured departments meet regularly by (75%). The study concluded that the Principals had time management skills. The study recommends that all Principals must be well trained on time management periodically because time is a key management skill. The researcher adhered to research ethics including plagiarism and getting the consent of respondents among others.

This study seeks to investigate the existence of ethnic differences in birth weight and cesarean deliveries amongst the ethnic groups in Port Harcourt, Nigeria. The study was a retrospective review research. University of Port Harcourt teaching Hospital, Port Harcourt between 2003 and August 2008. The study was a retrospective review research involving a dataset of 1287 (Ibo n = 241, Ikwerre n = 316, Kalabari n = 322, Ogoni n = 200 and Yoruba n =208) culled from over 3560 live singleton births maternity records covering deliveries for five years (2003 - 2008) at the University of Port Harcourt Teaching Hospital; Port Harcourt, Nigeria. The data obtained were analyzed using SPSS statistics software 2008 and the level of significance used was P < 0.05. Student T- test, One-way analysis of variances, Correlation analysis and Pearson chi square. There are significant differences P <-0.001 in the mean birth weights of the five ethnic groups. The prevalence of cesarean deliveries among the ethnic group was significantly associated with the Ibo ethnic group ( Ibo 12.45%, Ikwerre 11.07%, Kalabari 9.94%, Ogoni 7.50% and Yoruba 6.73%: X² = 12.25, df = 2, P = 0.003). The study revealed that the Ibo ethnic group has higher birth weight which may be the predisposing factor to higher percentage of Cesarean deliveries.

With computer operations and mobile device technologies expanding, mobile cloud computing has been shaping up as the future of web-based communications. Data security has consistently been a major issue which restricts the further development in mobile cloud. Many measures have been undertaken to improve in cloud computing. As the mobile devices have finite resource and power most of the studies on cloud computing are not convenient on mobile devices. Hence it becomes requisite to diminish the computational overhead in mobile cloud computing. In this paper we come up with a scheme called as light weight data secure sharing scheme for mobile cloud. It embraces CP-ABE which is one of the most suitable technologies for data access control in cloud storage system but alters the framework of access control tree to make it appropriate for mobile cloud environments. External proxy servers are being introduced to reduce the computational overhead on mobile device. Attribute description fields are used to implement lazy revocation which depletes the user revocation cost. The investigational outcome unveils that LDSS is capable to decrease the overhead issues on the mobile device when the data is being shared in mobile cloud environment.

Abstract: The Purpose of the study was to EMG Analysis of Chest and Back Muscles and their Correlation with the Performance of Jump Tennis Service in Volleyball. Coverage/ Selection of Subjects: Universe of the Study: The study was confined to India only. Sampling Frame: Subjects were selected as a sampling frame from India only and their age was ranging from 16 to 28 years. Sampling Methods: Subjects were selected on the basis of purposively random sampling method. Sampling Size: A total of 12 male professional Volleyball players from India were selected for the study. Units of Observation: Observations were made on the following Variables/contents: Pectoralis Major (PMJ), & Trapezius (TP). Criterion Measures: Muscles activities during jump tennis service in volleyball were measured by Neuro Trac Myo Plus 4. The data was recorded in micro volt (µv). Statistical Techniques: The concerned data was analyzed by using descriptive statistical in order to electromyographic analyses of chest & back muscles during executing the jump tennis service in volleyball. In order to determine the relationship of selected (chest & back) muscles activities with the performance of jump tennis service in volleyball, Pearson Multiple Correlation Technique was used. The level of significance for the entire analysis was set at the 0.05 level. Conclusions: According to finding the study, Trapezius muscle showed the highest activation level of EMG during execution of jump tennis servive in Volleyball. Pectoralis muscles showed the 5th highest activation level of EMG during execution of jump tennis service in Volleyball. Only one muscles group that is Pectoralis is found correlated with the performance of jump tennis service in Volleyball. The insignificant relationship was found between back (Trapezius) muscles and with the performance of jump tennis service in Volleybali.

Abstract: The purpose of the study was to find out the effect of weight jocket on Vo2 Max among college football players. To achieve this purpose of the study, thirty netball players were selected as subjects who were from the various faculties, Annamalai University, Annamalainagar. The selected subjects were aged between 19 to 24 years. They were divided into two equal groups of fifteen each, Group I underwent weight jocket training and Group II acted as control that did not participate in any special training apart from their regular sports and games practices. The subjects were tested on selected criterion variable such as Vo2 max prior to any immediately after the training period. The selected criterion variable such as Vo2 max was determined through using Treadmill. The analysis of covariance (ANCOVA) was used to find out the significant differences if any, between the experimental group and control group on selected criterion variable. The 0.05 level of confidence was fixed to test the significance, which was considered as an appropriate. The result of the present study has revealed that there was a significant difference among the experimental and control group on Vo2 max.