Dengue virus (DENV) is the most common mosquito-transmitted human flavivirus worldwide, and it is well-established that DENV and Zika virus are closely related, resulting in substantial antigenic overlap. The infection is caused by any of the four dengue virus (DENV) serotypes transmitted by Aedes aegypti and albopictus mosquitoes. Despite the public health relevance, data on the prevalence of DENV infections among febrile patients in Jos, North Central Nigeria are limited. We aimed to determine the sero-prevalence of Dengue virus infection among febrile patients. Cross sectional study was conducted among 118 participants presenting with pyrexia at the Jos University Teaching Hospital. Participants who were malaria negative using rapid diagnostic tests (mRDT) with specific symptoms defined as probably dengue by WHO (fever and symptoms such as headache, rash, nausea/vomiting, joint pain, fatigue, retro-ocular pain and haemorrhage) were screened for dengue immunoglobulin G and M (IgG and IgM) using Dengue NS1 Antigen and IgG/IgM antibody duo panel RapiCardTM InstaTest and ELISA-based kit.

Authentication is the usage of one or multiple mechanisms to show that who you declare or claim to be. Authentication ensures that users are granted to some resources or services after verifying their identity. The essential characteristics of every authentication system are to provide high security for their users. Multifactor authentication model always improves or enhances the security compared to single-factor authentication model. This new model makes use of three factors-biometric Fingerprint Hash code, One Time Password (OTP), and Password. Fingerprints are not fully secret compare to passwords, because if passwords are leaked which can be easily revocable using another password and which is not true in case of fingerprint biometric security system. If an authentication system uses only fingerprint biometric features, it is not easy to change fingerprint, because fingerprint is static biometric, which never change much throughout the lifespan. In this paper, as per ABCD analysis various determinant issues related to Multifactor Authentication Model for Verification/Authentication purpose are: (1) Security issues, (2) User-friendly issues, (3) Input issues, (4) Process issues, (5) Performance Evaluation matrix Issues. The constituent critical elements of Multifactor Authentication model determinant issues are listed under the four constructs - advantages, benefits, constraints and disadvantages of the ABCD technique and tabulated. The analysis has brought out many critical constituent elements, which is one of the proofs for the success of the new methodology.

Abstract: The function of the immune system is to protect our system from pathogens entering our body and react immunologically to cells from a genetically different person. At the same time, the immune cells maintain tolerance to our own body cells and do not reject them. This is called as self-tolerance. However, in case of autoimmune diseases and cancer, the immune system identifies our cells as foreign and generates immune reactions resulting in severe damage to the affected organ. However, on the other hand, the cancer cells are eliminated or rejected by our immune system in the early stages but support their growth at later stage. These immune reactions controlling the self-tolerance are mediated by T regulatory cells which maintain immune homeostasis under healthy condition by keeping the effector CD4+ and CD8+ T cells under regulated state. Upon loss of immune balance T regulatory cells cannot suppress the effector T cells’ activity resulting in autoimmune or autoinflammatory reactions. This review will discuss the various subtypes of T regulatory cells and their role in autoimmune diseases and cancer.

Melkersson Rosenthal Syndrome (SMR) is a rare orofacial granulomatosis of controversial etiology. It combines recurrent facial palsy, upper labial edema and a plicated tongue. Through a case of SMR we recall the clinical and therapeutic peculiarities of this pathology. 36-year-old patient, who presented in our consultation for labial and gingival edema of progressive worsening, evolving by outbreaks for five years. The interrogation reveals in the antecedents the notion of transient facial paralysis. Examination shows prominent lip edema in the upper lip, edema and superior gingival hypertrophy and a plicate tongue. The diagnosis of SMR was retained. Patient was put on prolonged corticosteroid treatment in degressive dose, which led to a clear clinical improvement with disappearance of the edema not recidivism after a decline of nine months. The SMR is an orofacial granulomatosis manifested by a symptomatic triad: recurrent paralysis or facial paresis, macrochelitis and a plicate tongue. This triad is rarely complete, and some minor signs can be observed. The diagnosis is mostly clinical and confirmed by histology. But a non-contributory histological analysis should not reject the diagnosis of SMR when the clinical symptomatology is obvious. Systemic corticosteroids are the most recommended treatment. It improves the quality of life and avoids or space recurrences. The prognosis remains good

Abstract: Biodiversity has become one of the major environmental issues of our time especially with the on-setting climate change. The basic problem is the increased rate of extinction as a result of expanding human population, over exploitation of natural resources, land clearing and land use development for mono agriculture without vast integration of trees into crop production. Biodiversity refers to the life forms on earth and include the millions of plants, animals, birds and micro-organisms, the gene they contain and the intricate ecosystems they help to built into living environment. If the biological wealth of the world is to be maintained, the benefits of biodiversity in agroforestry need an international recognition. It forms the major part of our life-support systems. It constitutes the source of all our food and much of our raw materials. In order to create the necessary consciousness that would lead to wise use of land and conservation of biodiversity, the knowledge of the benefits of biodiversity in agroforestry should be wide spread. This paper highlights some of these benefits.

Despite deviant workplace behavior has increasingly become a serious problem in today’s organizations and has been reported to significantly affect on both individual and organizational effectiveness and performance, numerous organizations have ignored and not yet prepared to cope with this problem seriously. This present study aims at enhancing the body of knowledge in the area of workplace deviance by exploring the differences between employees and employers at a selected government bank in Thailand. A sample of 143 respondents was gathered for data collection through a modified version of deviant workplace behavior questionnaire. Results of independent samples t-test analysis indicated the significant difference in employees and employers with respect to deviant workplace behavior (t = -2.005, p = .047). These results suggested that employees were less likely to demonstrate deviant workplace behavior than employers. Discussion, limitations, and recommendations for further studies were also discussed.

Abstract: This study examined the ecotoxicological evaluation of commercial fish pond in Ogbogoro, Port Harcourt, and Rivers State Nigeria using the histological assessment of Clarias gariepenus, using African Aquaculture Centre (ARAC) as a reference site. The sampling involved harvesting of twenty table sized fish from Ogbogoro commercial fish pond and ten table-sized of the same species from ARAC. The histological assessment involved the determination of the qualitative and semi-quantitative analysis of the gills of the harvested fishes. Histological alterations observed were based on circulatory disturbances (CD) which includes hyperemia, haemorrhage, vacuolation. Regressive change (RC) which includes necrosis and progressive change (PC). Results showed that tissue samples of gills showed an almost equal prevalence in histological alterations in OGB as compared to ARAC, where gill was 16.67% against 16.68%. The Histological Alteration Index, that is, mean fish Index (FI) for OGB is 14.7, making it slightly greater than ARAC, which is 14.6. It was concluded therefore that the OGB fish pond was moderately polluted.

Obesity is highly prevalent among patients with schizophrenia, depression and bipolar disorder and is more common in persons with these conditions than in the general population. Excess weight is a major risk factor for impaired glucose tolerance, dyslipidemia, and arterial hypertension, and the clustering of obesity with these abnormalities in the metabolic syndrome correlates strongly with increased risk of coronary heart disease and premature death in all ethnic groups and regions of the world. Treatment with atypical, second-generation antipsychotics (SGAs), particularly clozapine, olanzapine, and quetiapine, are known to promote weight gain, may lead to metabolic syndrome. A descriptive, retrospective study was conducted at the mental health clinic in the Teaching Hospital Batticaloa (THB), SriLanka. Two-thirds of the population 29(63.1%) were found to be overweight 21(45.7%) and obese 8(17.4%).However, one-fourth of the population 12(26.1%) were under normal body mass index(BMI). Patients with mental illness, regardless of age or type of antipsychotic medication in use, were found to be at increased risk for many physical disturbances, including weight gain, dyslipidemia, and increased risk for coronary heart disease; and may benefit from clinical evaluation and adequate treatment, as recommended by international protocols.

This text proposes an analysis of the temporalities involved in voluntary depigmentation practices. The study took place in the district "Sokoura" of Bouaké city, Côte d'Ivoire in 2016. Semi-structured individual and focus group interviews were conducted with a variety of social actors: practitioners of depigmentation, non-practitioners, former practitioners, sellers and manufacturers of lightening products, pharmacists and dermatologists. Research shows that practitioners use specific methods of application of products, depending on time. Representation of body interacts with a representation of the toxicity of lightening products, which in turn contributes to the unequal mobilization of time by the user in his "body techniques".

In the era of digital technology, technology has developed rapidly however the information technology security lags drastically. There has been increase in risk and threats to the organization’s information. For every organization, information is a valuable asset and therefore has to be kept safe and secured. Employees are mainly responsible for security risks and threats. Organizations should give attention to the common vulnerabilities and mistakes which employees tend to make and moreover these should be addressed through awareness training programs. Information security awareness training is essential for every organization that uses technology. The study explores the importance of information security awareness training and the challenges faced by organizations is implementation of information security awareness training program. Information security training program protects the confidentiality, integrity and availability of the organization information. This study will assist management to provide effective security awareness training to technology users and enhance the safety and security of information.

This study was conducted to understand the influence of the common food storage and environmental practices affecting the dimensions of the food security of the people in Adjumani district. The study covered a sample of 150 respondents who are farmers and the data were collected through a questionnaire and personal interview using both probability and non-probability sampling technique. Designing field data recording sheets was done before data collection and data collection was done with appropriate quality control. Data analysis was done using Statistical Package for Social Scientists. The results indicated that the people of Ciforo sub- county, Adjumani district have poor food storage system where the majority 73% (see table 1) store their food reserve in the huts in which they sleep forcing them to sell off the food reserve and the majority 58% of the farmers produce less than 1 ton of food per year on average (See table 3). This indicates that the farmers have poor food levels where the average majority 61.67% of the respondents disagreed that their households have food availability, food stability, ability to access and utilize appropriate levels of food in their households from April to June every year (see table 2). Based on these findings the study recommended that sensitization of the community about poor storage facilities leading to post harvest losses affecting food levels. Government should also enact laws and policies at national level to make agriculture attractive to farmers by revamping cooperatives that should provide support for post-harvest management.

The purpose of present research work was to fabricate patient friendly, immediate release oral film of ondansetron hydrochloride using hydrophilic excipients. The film was prepared by solvent casting method. Hydroxyethyl cellulose, polyvinyl alcohol and polyvinylpyrrolidone k30 along with different plasticizers (peg 400 and pg) were scrutinized for film formulation. The auxiliary excipients used were sodium saccharin and sodium lauryl sulphate. The final selection was done with hydroxyethyl cellulose as a film former and peg 400 as a plasticizer for the film. The drug loaded films of hydroxyethyl cellulose were evaluated for thickness, uniformity in drug content, folding endurance, disintegration time, in-vitro drug release studies, tensile strength and drug-excipient compatibility studies. Taste masking was done by novel sandwich technology (placing the ondansetron hydrochloride film between two listerine pocket pack films). This approach can be used as platform technology for other formulations also. Optimization of film was done by 32 factorial design taking amount of hydroxyethyl cellulose and sodium lauryl sulphate as independent variables, while disintegration time (dt), % cumulative drug release and folding endurance as response variables. Polynomial equations were derived. The validity of equations was checked by preparing check point batches. Response surface plots were constructed using design expert software. This exercise facilitates bio batch selection. Better predictive ability was achieved, when artificial neural network (ann) was used in place of regression analysis. Batch of3 containing hydroxyethyl cellulose showed disintegration time of 16 sec and 94.35 % drug release in 8 minutes.

This article explores the history of political system of Memba from mid19th century to mid 20th century A.D. The paper also presents a lucid account of the factor that shaped political changes in the Menchuka region in the mid twentieth century’s. The paper covers the history of its geographical and political position prior to India independence. The paper shed light on the following question. What was the position of Menchuka before 1952? What was the political set up of Menchuka? What role did Tibetan authority play in the appointment and functioning of Deb in Menchuka? What were the various function played by Deb? And what was the function of subordinate official called Chim in Menchuka?.

A simple and sensitive spectrofluorimetric method has been developed for the estimation of Gefitinib in pure and pharmaceutical dosage form. Gefitinib exhibits maximum fluorescence intensity in ethanol and Beer’s law was obeyed in the range of 1-3.5 µg/mL at an excitation wavelength (λex) of 280 nm and an emission wavelength (λem) of 512 nm. Stability studies with respect to time and temperature were also carried out. The results obtained were in good agreement with the labeled amounts of the marketed formulations. This method has been statistically evaluated and found to be accurate and precise

This work explores the nature and origins of Haitian epistemology, the lens through which Haitians consciously and unconsciously come to know, interpret, and make sense of the known and unknown world around them, and its aesthetics. The article posits that Haitian epistemology, Haitian/Vilokan Idealism, is a transcendental idealist and realist philosophy/epistemology that developed out of the demystification and ever-increasing rationalization of the African (spiritual) worldview (Vilokan/Vodou) of the majority of the inhabitants of the island, and its aesthetics is grounded in the distinction between the noumenal world of Vilokan and the phenomenal one of lived-experience and their dialectical interaction.