The main purpose of this study was, to assess the knowledge of nurses regarding pain management at Jinnah Hospital Lahore. A cross sectional descriptive survey was performed to assess the knowledge of pain management among nurses. A convenient sample of n=170 was used to collect the information. The main instrument for Information was a structured questionnaire. A structured questionnaire with demographic variables and causes variables was applied. The data was analyzed on SPSS version 21. The results showed that there is positive response of the respondent mean that nurses know about pain management. The result shows that if there is enough knowledge of the nurses about pain management they will increase patient comfort ability and decrease stress which is due to pain. And suggest that nurses administration must be develop the different strategies to create good strategies to enhance nurses‟ knowledge about pain management.

Mandible is an important and the only movable bone in the craniofacial region. According to the old anatomists, it resembles a u-v shaped blunt bend. The mandible bears teeth, and this horseshoe-shaped/ v- bend bone is attached to many muscles. Understanding anatomy and kinesiology of mandible helps the practitioner/surgeon to choose the best treatment modality and surgical approach.

This paper introduces the application of fuzzy control in system modeling and utilizes the Linear Graph of mechanism modeling method to build the system model, and employs Simulink’s S-function to build the system controller and object to conduct simulation. In this paper, the double-ended component system is taken as an example to describe the linear graph theory commonly used in modeling, and the state space equation and the transfer function of the system are established and simulated based on the linear graph method. In the meantime, this paper also analyzes the merits and demerits of linear graph method and other mechanism modeling methods.

Nasogastric tube feeding (NGT) is used for those patients who can-not sustain their oral requirements. Poor nursing adherence to evidence-based guidelines has negative consequences leading to higher mortality rates, delayed recovery and longer length of stay. Nurses play an intrinsic role in preventing these infections especially aspiration pneumonia by pursuing standard guidelines. Current study was designed to evaluate nurses’ knowledge and practices of NGT feeding in order to reduce complications. Cross-Sectional Descriptive Study design was proposed. Study population included 70 nurses working in three public sector hospitals in Lahore. Nurse’s knowledge was obtained using a self -structured questionnaire and their practices were recorded by direct observation through a checklist. Data was analyzed using SPSS 20. Data was represented in the forms of figures and tables. By knowledge and practice 60% secured under satisfactory level. Nasogastric tube feeding is a critical practice for seriously sick patients and errors in proper knowledge and skills can lead to serious complications. The present study could identify a high level of gaps in knowledge and skills of applying nasogastric tube feeding procedure. This necessitates the action at training institutions for nurses and on job protocols including monitoring for safety of patients.

Renal failure is one of the most increasing issue and patient need to admit or enter in any care organization where care for the renal care or therapy are provided to the patients. The renal kidney failure patient’s kidney stopped working well and it is difficult for the patients to survive easily without dialysis (Weiser 2013). The main purpose of this study was, to assess the level of satisfaction regarding nursing care in dialysis centers LHR. A cross sectional descriptive survey was performed to assess the satisfaction level of dialysis patients. A convenient sample of n=150 was used to collect the information. A structured questionnaire with demographic variables and causes variables was applied. The data was analyzed on SPSS version 21. On the basis of this study results it is concluded that a questionnaire was used for the assessment of patient. It contains multiple questions about nurses and participants. According to these study results it shows that patient satisfaction with dialysis was high. Moreover patients were more satisfied if they provided information about dialysis procedure, nurses also give emotional support to the patient. Finally, questions were asked to the patients about their views on the care provided in the dialysis center. Most of the patients' had satisfied from nurse’s care provided in dialysis center. Patients were more satisfied if they provided information about dialysis procedure; nurses also give emotional support to the patient.

Anacyclus pyrethrum L. root is one among the ingredients of polyherbal formulation frequently employed for the treatment of stress by Ayurvedic practioners. So, the objective of this study was to scientifically validate its use. Animals were administered graded doses of ethanolic extract of Anacyclus pyrethrum root and subjected for anoxia stress tolerance test, swimming endurance test and acetic acid induced writhing test models and its adaptogenic potential was assessed by estimating various parameters. Stressed animals demonstrated altered values of these parameters. Ethanolic extract of Anacyclus pyrethrum root exhibited significant anti-stress activity by restoration of all the altered values. Present findings validate its use in Aurvedic system of medicine.

The political history of Nigeria is characterised with an unprecedented level of insecurity. Inter-communal and inter-ethnic clashes, religious violent, and armed robbery, assassination, murder, gender based violence, and bomb explosions have been on the increase leading to enormous loss of lives and properties and general atmosphere of siege and social tension for the people. In recent times, inter-ethnic relations tension has resonated in Nigeria. This is due to the activities of some ethnically motivated groups. “The Political Economy of Fulani Herdsmen Activities and Inter-ethnic Relations in Nigeria‟s Forth Republic: Issues and Prospects”, focused primarily on the activities of the nomadic Fulani herdsmen in some parts of Nigeria such as Kaduna, Enugu, Benue, Ekiti, Taraba, Nasarawa, Plateau, Kogi States, etc. In these conflicts, many lives and cattle are lost and properties destroyed. This paper examines the causes of the incessant Fulani herdsmen and farmers conflicts in Nigeria. Secondly, to underscore the nexus between the incessant conflicts and interethnic relations in Nigeria, and thirdly, to overview the alternative options to ameliorate the incessant conflicts between the Fulani herdsmen and the hosting farming communities vis-à-vis to douse the ethno-religious dimension of the conflict.

The purpose of this study is to find out the effect of training on pedagogical content knowledge on teachers’ performance; in schools within Nakuru North Sub- County, Kenya. The study was carried in the 22 public primary schools in the sub county among the 22 head teacher and 170 school teachers. The study was based on Campbell’s theory of performance and social cognitive theory. A sample of 8 head teachers and 51 public primary school teachers was used. The sample for the head teachers was selected using purposive sampling technique while that of the head teachers was selected using simple random sampling technique. Data for the study was collected by use of questionnaires for teachers and interview schedules for head teachers respectively. Prior to use, the questionnaires were subjected to validity checks and reliability tests. Data collected was analyzed using descriptive statistics (frequencies, means and percentages) and inferential statistics with the aid of the Statistical Package for Social Sciences computer software version 21. Pearson moment correlation (r) was used to establish the relationship between the variables. There was a positive Pearson correlation between Training on Pedagogical Content Knowledge and Teachers’ Performance (r = -0.37, p = 0.802). The study established that the school management and the Ministry of Education will be able to use these findings in formulating appropriate strategies that help enhance teacher performance through their continuous professional development.

This research is aimed to evaluate the execution of the directions and the policies for training and development of Trainers at Training and Development Center of ASN employees (Apparatus Civil Servants) Ministry of Village, Development of Disadvantaged Regions, and Transmigration. The evaluation provides recommendation to relevant stakeholders to improve the effectiveness, efficiency, and accountability of Trainers in particular and Government Employes in general. This is an evaluative research using CIPP (Context, Input, Process, and Product) evaluation model by Daniel Stufflebeam. The data was collected through triangulation of literature research, questionnaires, in-depth interviews, along with focus group discussions, which was then analyzed using qualitative data analysis technique by defining the execution attributes and comparing them to the evaluation criteria as set by the standard. The outcome suggests revisiting the execution attributes as they were no longer relevant to the assignments, functions, responsibilities, and challenges faced by Widyaiswara nowadays. The input evaluation shows that several points have already met the standards, but some have not. Likewise, the process components, e.g. execution in the classroom, accommodation, and catering were still below the standard. Therefore, it is recommended to improve the quality and quantity of these attributes to achieve the training center standard/accreditation, on both the training and the people (Widyawara).

Thymomas are among the most common anterior mediastinal tumors that can uncommonly present with respiratory failure. This case – A 62 year old lady who presented with complaints of limb weakness and the development of type II respiratory failure, discusses in detail the problem posed and the workup leading to the diagnosis. Surgery was performed based on the radiological findings. The tumor was completely resected and the diagnosis given as Masoka classification‑Type B2-predominantly cortical thymoma

Preservation of the aesthetical aspects of the traditional buildings especially the traditional Malay house is relatively unsolved due to the limitation of the material used specifically the timber. The traditional Malay house system is basically a modular system in terms of measurement, panel dismantle-reassemble method, expandable and moveable as well. Modular system allows many advantages in construction process and final production. Some of the lists are cost-effectiveness in terms of time consuming in site, labour, product materials and many more. The quality of modular system also can be monitored wisely as it is develop in factory in mass production according to the design. This paper proposes the adaptation of modular system in modern housing that integrated with the traditional Malay house component specifically the non-structural component such as the wall system. The issues of modular using the traditional components will be analysed using observation and site visit and analysis. The system generated can be applied to the housing development in Malaysia and in the meantime preserving the aesthetic elements of the traditional Malay house. The outcome of this paper will acknowledge a concept of modular housing system adapting the traditional wall element in building environment, and appreciating the aesthetic value of the traditional Malay house as well.

Ultrasonography is a widely used imaging technique that has many clinical applications. The early staging of the metastatic carcinoma is one of these widely uses. FNA and core biopsies have exceedingly replaced the surgical biopsy. The ultrasound-guided biopsy has shown great and more accurate results for breast cancer detection more than the use of one method alone. In this study, we aimed to determine the role of ultrasound-guided biopsy in breast cancer. The procedure was performed on 32consecutive patients that were enrolled at Shaukat Khanum hospital in this Cross-sectional comparative analytical study. Ultrasound-guided core and FNA-guided biopsies were performed for all 32 patients. The accuracy of breast lumps biopsy with ultrasound guidance biopsy was more accurated as compare to non ultrasound. Out of 32 patients 1(3.1%). was diagnosedwith acute inflammation, 16(50.0%). for breast metastatic carcinoma, 2(6.3%). for chronic inflammation, 1(3.1%). for ductal epithelial carcinoma, 1(3.1%). for fibrocystic, 1(3.1%). for the fibroepithelial lesion, 1(3.1%). for lymphocytic yield, 7(21.9%). were normal results and 1(3.1%). for stromal fibrosis. In conclusion, an Ultrasound-guided biopsy is highly accurate, and more effective and feasible method than the ultrasound examination alone and excisional surgery. Recently US-guided biopsy procedure is widely used for the diagnosis of lumps in breast cancer patient.

The number of customers at Giant Citra Raya over the last five years (2011- 2015) has decreased significantly, due to many factors including poor service quality and poor customer care. Likewise Extra Giant Switching Customer behavior has Negative Net Switching, when compared to the three brands (Carrefour, Hypermart and Lotte Mart). This low customer loyalty index is due to poor service quality. The research design is explanatory, where sampling method is a non-probability sample (non-random sample). The sampling technique uses accidental sampling, in which the researcher has the freedom to choose who to meet which can be sampled according to the requirements of the existing population. The method used in this research is survey method. The average customer population is 2,070,823 / 12/30 = 5752 per day, with Slovin samples of 152 respondents. Quantitative analysis method with Analytical Path Analysis tool and SPSS tool version 2.33. Prior to the analysis conducted test of questionnaire instrument with validity test and classical assumption. After analyzed with Path Analysis continued with test of determination analysis (R Square), partial test of hypothesis (t test) and simultaneously (F test) with 5% error tolerance level. The result of this research is that Service Quality and Customer Satisfaction have a effect on Brand Image and Customer Loyalty. Brand Image and Customer Loyalty are still influenced by other variables other than Service Quality and Customer Satisfaction, therefore need to do further research.

Dentinogenesis Imperfecta is an autosomal dominant disorder of dentine affecting primary and permanent dentition. Mutation in dentin sialophospho protein on the long arm of chromosome 4 results in this defective dentin. The clinical appearance of teeth is characteristic showing an amber like translucency and severe attrition. It can also occur in association with osteogenesis Imperfecta, a genetic disorder of type 1 collagen. Here we present a case of Dentinogenesis Imperfecta associated with Type 1 Osteogenesis Imperfecta in a 14-year -old girl.

In India, Pteridophytes are particularly distributed in the Himalayan and coastal regions. The variable topography and climate conditions of India contribute to a rich diversity of its flora and Pteridophytic diversity. Kotgarh and Rampur forest division region has rich biodiversity due to the great altitudinal variations with the Pteridophytes found in shady and moist patches of the regions. 22 species of pteridophytes belonging to 10 families and 16 genera have been reported in the present study. Dryopteridaceae and Pteridaceae with 5 species, Polyodiaceae and Thelypteridaceae with 3 species and remaining Families with single species have been reported.