Toxoplasmosis has been described as the most widespread zoonotic disease of humans and other animals. Although Toxoplasma gondii infection in high school girls has been investigated in many countries, surveys have not been available in high school girls in Yemen. This study was performed to investigate the seroprevalence and risk factors associated with T. gondii infection among high school girls in Ibb city, Yemen. The study was carried out during the period February to December 2016. The sera from 220 volunteer girls were evaluated for T. gondii antibodies (IgM and IgG) using ELISA method. The seropositive rate of T. gondii was 18.2%, and 81.8% of high school girls was seronegative in anti-Toxoplasma IgG, while all cases (100%) were seronegative for IgM. Among the risk factors evaluated, only the presence of cats in home (p = 0.004) was observed as a significant risk factor associated with T. gondii infection. The results of this study may be useful for the design of optimal preventive measures against infection with T. gondii.

Liver transplant is the corner for patients with end stage liver diseases. Posttransplant patients face many challenges including poor general health, physical inactivity and emotional problem. This article reviews studies that explored the impact of physical activity on health related quality of life (HRQOL) for post liver transplant patients. To collect evidence to supporting the relationship between physical activity and HRQOL for post liver transplant patients, a search of the PubMed, CINAHL, Psych Info, EbscoHost, Medline, and ProQuest Dissertations and Theses databases was conducted using key phrases, including chronic liver disease, liver transplant, post liver transplant, liver transplant and physical activity, liver transplant and health-related quality of life. The main search parameters were studies written in English and those conducted between 2005 and 2014. The initial search resulted in 957 records. There were 246 duplicate records. These records were removed. Records were excluded if patients were pediatric, secondtime transplant recipients or receiving more than one organ transplant or if they had active infections. First records were excluded by screening the record titles; 453 records were excluded using this method. Next, records were excluded by screening the abstracts; 214 records were excluded using this method. Finally, records were excluded by screening the entire record text; an additional 37 records were excluded using this method.

The Importance of H. pylori as an etiological agent in gastroduodenal disease had suggested antibiotic treatment as a main target for the elimination of infection and to determine the prevalence of Helicobacter pylori in patients with gastro-duodenal pathologies and the susceptibility patterns of isolates Consecutive dyspeptic patients for endoscopy were recruited in the study. Gastric biopsies were collected from the patients and H. pylori isolated and identified. The present study a total six antimicrobial agents such as Ciprofloxacin, Metronidazole, Norfloxacin, Tetracyclin, Amoxycillin and Clarithromycin were used In against 100 clinical isolates Antibiotic sus-ceptibility was determined by disk diffusion and agar dilution methods against The resistance pattern, amoxicillin and metronidazole (AMRR METR) was the most common (23.7%) amongst the isolates Ninety two (83.6%) of the 110 patients (mean age 42.5 ± 15.7, range 14–70 years) were positive for H. pylori, The antibiotic susceptibility rates were 61% for tetracycline, 54.3% for clarithromycin, 16.4% for amoxicillin and 1.8% for metronidazole. Antimicrobial susceptibility results also revealed 12 antibiotypes based on resistance to the antimicrobial agents investigated.. More than 60% of the isolates exhibited multi-drug resistance to three or four antibiotics. Studies attributed the high level of resistance to the frequent use of the drugs to treat various other infections, ineffective drug control policy and the current treatment regimen in Bikaner.

Ventilator associated pneumonia is the most common nosocomial infection arising as complication at Intensive care units. It affects nearly 8-20% of the clients admitted at intensive care units and is 27% among the mechanically ventilated patients (Al Shameri). The main purpose of this study was, to assess the knowledge and practice of Ventilator associated Pneumonia prevention among nurses at PIC Hospital Lahore. A cross sectional descriptive survey was performed to assess the knowledge and practices among Nurses. A convenient sample of n=122was used to collect the data. A structured adopted questionnaire was used to collect data. The questionnaire consisted demographic variables, Knowledge of VAP and Practices of VAP among the nurses of the ICU at PIC Lahore. The data was analyzed on SPSS version 21. Overall knowledge was satisfactory where 50% of the study participants had good knowledge and gave more than 80% correct responses about different aspects of the Ventilator Associated pneumonia prevention. 30.33% were satisfactory knowledge about the VAP prevention. Overall Practice result very good practices among 83% of the participants who were practicing 20 or more items out of 24 statements. 12.33% had satisfactory practices. Overall knowledge was satisfactory and practices were good among the nurses at PIC regarding ventilator associated Pneumonia.

A series of novel semicarbazone derivatives (BS1-22) of (2E)-2-[2-(1, 3-benzoxazol-2-ylsulfanyl)-1-phenylethylidene] hydrazinecarboxamide have been prepared. The structural conformation of the newly synthesized compounds has been established by elemental analysis, spectral analysis and melting point studies. Compounds BS1, BS3, BS9, BS10, BS11, and BS21 have been subjected to anticonvulsant screening by chemo-shock models. In the series, compounds BS9, BS10, and BS11 showed most potent result while compounds BS1, BS3, and BS21 were showing moderate results than standard drug.

Surgical removal of a broken instrument tip in the mandibular posterior region can be a difficult procedure due to proximity of vital anatomical structures of the region. Moreover, accessibility in that area is another factor that adds onto the difficulty. Thus localization of that foreign object is key in its successful surgical retrieval. Here we present such a case, with its complete management and a careful technique of retrieval.

Laryngeal tuberculosis is an extra pulmonary form of tuberculosis and is found in about 2% of all tuberculosis cases. A retrospective analysis of 31 cases of laryngeal tuberculosis was done in the present study extending for 30 years in three Medical Colleges of West Bengal, India. Out of these 31 cases in the study, 20 patients were male and 11 were female with an M: F Ratio of 1.8:1. The age of the patients ranged from 31 years to 59 years. The highest incidence of 45.2% was observed in the age group of 51 to 60 years, followed by 35.5% in the age group of 41 to 50 years and 19.4% in the age group of 31 to 40 years. All the patients presented with hoarseness of voice and cough was the second common symptom. Out of the 31 patients, 9 patients complained of pain in the throat and seven of those had referred earache also. In majority of the cases, the lesions were limited to the vocal cords, arytenoids, and posterior commissure. False cord was involved in 15 cases and ulcer over the arytenoid was found in 14 cases. Patients with lesions involving only the vocal cords, presented with hoarseness of voice, whereas lesions involving the other areas of the larynx, such as arytenoid and aryepiglottic fold presented with odynophagia. Enlargement of the regional lymph nodes was observed in 5 cases out of the total 31 cases. Most of the cases were found during the first 20 years of the study whereas only 4 cases were found during the last 10 years, which could be attributed to the successful implementation of the Revised National Tuberculosis Control Programme in India. However, the emergence of multi drug resistant strain of the causative bacillus and tuberculosis-HIV co infection has complicated the scenario at present. On histopathological examination, tubercular granuloma with stromal hyperplasia, large number of phagocytes and giant cells, epitheloid cells, Langhans cells and typical necrosis with caseation were found. Confirmation of the diagnosis utilizing a proper diagnostic algorithm and treatment with specific Anti Tubercular Drugs (ATDs) are most important in the management of laryngeal tuberculosis.

Discoloration of orthodontic adhesive during the length of orthodontic treatment and after debonding of brackets poses a difficult aesthetic situation for the clinician and the patient. A detailed review of the causes of the discoloration from a clinical perspective is detailed in the article. Demineralization of enamel and penetration of resin tags, enamel cracks, surface defects are the main causes. The type of composite used, its constituents and the curing process also affects the speed and extend of the discoloration of the enamel. Steps the clinician can take reduce the amount of discoloration of enamel like use of a slow speed tungsten carbide burs are explained. Even though some discoloration of enamel is inevitable, steps can be taken to minimize the problem to a negligible proportion.

Traumatic carpo-metacarpal dislocations without associated fracture are rare lesions. Untreated, these lesions can lead to joint instability and early joint degeneration. We report 2 cases of dorsal carpo-metacarpal dislocation of the fifth metacarpal in 2 male patients. The age was 28 years and 39 years. On clinical examination both patients had edema and deformity of the dorsal surface of the right hand. The X-ray showed a dorsal carpo-metacarpal dislocation, pure, complete in both patients. The dislocation was successfully treated by closed reduction maintained with two K-wires. Immobilization of the joint was applied for 6 weeks. At 10 months' follow-up evaluation, the 2 patients showed no pain and had had regained their previous level of activity.

In this modern era, people living in scientific world. They enjoy their life through modern scientific inventions. On the other hand, we can’t ignore the dark side like everybody becomes victim of depression, in which poverty is one of the major causes of depression. Depression may lead to psychiatric disorders among people. This was an observational cross sectional study and data was collected from the rural area. Women are diagnosed with depression more frequently than men. The finding of the result revel that poverty lead to depression which affect the mental level. The government of Pakistan should be provided more and more opportunities for the job so that to bycot the poverty.

Kikuchi-Fujimoto's disease KFD is a rare and benign cause of cervical lymphadenopathy. It is an anatomoclinical entity of unknown etiology. The confirmation of the diagnosis is always provided by histological lymph node study. The clinical picture sometimes evokes lymphoma or tuberculosis. The evolution is generally favorable with spontaneous healing after a few weeks. We report the case of a 26-year-old woman who had consulted for cervical lymphadenopathy associated with fever. The cervical lymph node biopsy concluded to Kikuch-Fujimoto's disease. The evolution was marked by rapid regression of lymphadenopathy under corticosteroid treatment.

The studywas to evaluate the relationshipbetween performance appraisal system and staff retention in Enugu Electricity Distribution Company of Nigeria. The specific objectives include to; examine the relationship between employee’s rate of output produced and employee training. Examine the relationship between employee recognition and achievement of organizational goals. The population consists of 983 staff of Enugu Electricity Distribution Company of Nigeria (EEDC).The study used the survey approach. The primary sources used were the administration of questionnaire to staff. The 274 sample size of the study, the study used the Freund and Williams’s formula. 261 staff returned the questionnaire and accurately filled. The validity of the instrument was tested using content analysis and the result was good. The reliability was tested using the Pearson correlation coefficient (r). It gave a reliability co-efficient of 0.82 which was also good. The hypotheses were analyzed using f-statistics (ANOVA) tool. The findings indicated that there is positive effect relationship between employee’s rates of output produced and employee training F(95,n= 274)= 827.372,P<0.05;This indicates that there is positive effect relationship between employee recognition and achievement of organizational goals F(95,n=274)= 367.439,P<0.05.The study concluded that appropriate training and development programmes would be designed to correct deficiencies through performance appraisal. The study recommended that Performance appraisal should be encouraged in organizations to assists workers and management meets their expected target and Recognition of employees by the management should be a top issue in organization to enable workers gives out their best.

The oropharyngeal aerobic gram-negative bacillary carriage, uncommon in healthy people, is high in patients with head and neck cancer. A marked increase in oral Gram-negative enterobacteria and pseudomonads has particularly been shown during the period of radiation therapy. The aim of the study was to determine whether these bacteria could play a role in the causation of irradiation mucositis. The current study demonstrated that aerobic and facultatively anaerobic gram-negative rods and cocci and Gram-positive bacteria showed a marked increase in head and neck–irradiated subjects. There was a weak but non-significant correlation between the bacterial flora and oral mucositis.

The present study aimed to evaluate the effect of educational program on quality of life among elderly regarding oral health. A quasi-experimental pre-test-andpost-test design was utilized to conduct this study. The study was conducted in the geriatric social club in Zagazig City. A purposive sample of 75 elderly subjects who fulfilled the study inclusion criteria. Five tools were used in the present study; Tool I was a structured interview questionnaire to assess elderly’s demographic characteristics, medical history, oral health status, periodic examination of the mouth, dietary habits, and smoking habits, Tool II was elderly oral health knowledge structured interview questionnaire, Tool III was elderly oral self-care practices questionnaire and checklist, Tool IV was the Oral Health Assessment Tool (OHAT) For Non –Dental Professional, and Tool V was Oral Health Impact Profile (OHIP-14) Short Version. The results revealed post-program statistically significant improvements in OHRQoL scores, oral health knowledge, oral self-care practices, and oral health assessment (p<0.001). The follow-up phase showed some declines, but still significantly higher compared with the pre- program levels (p<0.01). The educational program is effective in improving the elderly’s oral health related quality of life.

Household air pollution (HAP) arising from use of high polluting cooking fuel use remains a global health threat .This study sought to determine the major type of household cooking fuel used by workers ,their level of knowledge of the health effects of use of various categories of house hold cooking fuel, the association between level of knowledge and category of cooking fuel used and the determinants of category of cooking fuel used by respondents A questionnaire based descriptive cross-sectional study was carried out among 352 staff of the University of Uyo Teaching Hospital, Nigeria selected by multi-stage sampling technique between July and October,2017. Data was analyzed with STATA version 10. The major cooking fuel used was liquefied petroleum gas, LPG 221(62.8%). A good proportion 222 (63.1%) also used an alternative cooking fuel with kerosene 88 (37.8%) being the commonest. Main reason for choice of major cooking fuel was convenience 100 (28.4%). Most respondents had good knowledge (70.5%) of the effects of cooking fuel on health. Few knew that cooking fuel is associated with low birth weight 98 (27.8%) and cancer of the lungs174 (49.4%). Categories of staff and level of education were significantly associated with level of knowledge of effect of cooking fuel on health (P<0.001 and P=0.01 respectively) .Determinants of category of cooking fuel used by respondents were level of knowledge (P=0.004), education (P= 0.00), category of staff (P=0.002), place of residence (P=0.008), type of house (P=0.000) and main cooking site (P=0.000).LPG was the major cooking fuel used .Level of knowledge of the health effects of cooking fuel was good though areas of knowledge gap existed .Intensive public enlightenment programs is needed to sustain the awareness and address the knowledge gaps. Government policy of abolishing gas flaring will improve access to clean household cooking fuels and enhance its use.