Awareness of poor visual acuity that can be treated easily and effectively in the student groups can add positively for their quality of life and quality of their study. A descriptive cross-sectional study done among students aged 14–19 years in secondary schools in Sulaimani city from six secondary schools both male and female are enrolled. To determine the prevalence and pattern of refractive errors in this students group and determine the prevalence of different types of refractive errors which include (Myopia, Hypermetropia & Astigmatism). The total of 848 students aged 14–19 years, were examined. Examination included visual acuity testing by E chart, and refraction was done for those having visual acuity less than 6/6. The refractive errors of the students' eyes were measured using streak self -luminous Retinoscopy and non-Cycloplegic auto-refraction. Out of 848 students, 737 (86.9%) were emmetropic (normal visual acuity) and 111 (13.1%) were ametropic. Of those 111 students, Myopia with myopic astigmatism was the commonest types: 41(36.9%), and 52(46.8%) students respectively. Hypermetropia found in 14(12.6%) students. Anisometropia was found in seven (6.3%) students, represents (0.8%) of the sample. Amblyopia was found in 11(10%) students, of overall sample (1.3%) had Amblyopia. Only one had bilateral Amblyopia. Bilateral vision correction to 6/6 was found in 81(73%) students, (9.6%) of the study sample, Six (5.4%) students (0.7%) had unilateral correction to 6/6, Nine (8.1%) students (1.1%) had bilateral correction to 6/9, and 15(13.50%) students, overall represents (1.8%) of them, their vision was correctable to less than 6/12. Those having glasses earlier were 35(31.50%) students represent (4.1%) of the sample while 76(68.50%) student need glasses. Prevalence of refractive errors was 13.1% of the sample. Simple myopia was the most prevalent refractive errors that corrected to 6/6, While. Amblyopia was more common in hypermetropic. Anisometropia was the least common of the sample.

Surgical removal of a broken instrument tip in the mandibular posterior region can be a difficult procedure due to proximity of vital anatomical structures of the region. Moreover, accessibility in that area is another factor that adds onto the difficulty. Thus localization of that foreign object is key in its successful surgical retrieval. Here we present such a case, with its complete management and a careful technique of retrieval.

This study aimed to determine the quality of Lebanese olive oil by analyzing their chemical composition and their physicochemical characteristics. Olive oil samples were first collected from three different Lebanese areas. Physico-chemical investigation (acidity, peroxide index, specific extinction, total polyphenol content as well as chlorophyll and carotenoid contents) of the samples associated with fatty acid analysis by GC-MS technique and NMR characterization demonstrate the compatibility of samples with the standards of International Olive Oil Council (IOC) norms. However, obtained results showed that olive oil samples exhibited a high oxidation status, revealing the necessity of improving oil extraction procedures as well as its storage conditions. Our results confirmed further that olive crushing; harvesting as well as maturity stages have a great impact on the overall quality of obtained oil.

Poverty is a very complex problem, which is not only limited to economic issues but also related to issues in other fields. State policy (government) is needed in helping solve the problem related to poverty especially in the field of law that is by providing legal protection through the provision of legal aid to the citizens. It is an attempt to fulfill and at the same time be the implementation of a legal state that recognizes and protects and guarantees citizens' human rights on the need for access to justice and equality before the law and fair trial. Islamic values not only regulate the things that are private but also public policies and also constitutional so that the jurists make Islamic law as one of the primary references in establishing positive law in realizing the certainty of law and justice one of them through the fulfillment of the right to legal aid that is part of the legal system of the Pancasila Legal State. Judging from the perspective of dignified justice, the provision of legal aid to the underprivileged is one manifestation of humanizing humanity, that is the manifestation of respect for one's dignity and dignity. The policy of legal aid should be oriented to the legal philosophy of human beings. That is, the law, including the arrangement of legal aid for justice seekers who can not afford, must serve human beings.

Recently the normal values of pulmonary test parameters [1], level of hemoglobin [2] and glycated hemoglobin [3-5] in Sudanese have been found to be different from the international reference values. The study aimed to compare the values of serum electrolytes (Na+, K+, Ca++) level in Sudanese with the international values. 100 normal healthy adult Sudanese with aged between 18 and 65 years (50 males and 50 females), who were nonsmokers, not Known to be hypertensive or diabetic , have no renal or thyroid problem, living in Khartoum city were included in our study. The data was collected using a structured questionnaire then the levels of Na+, K+ and Ca++ were measured. In the males group the means of Na+ level range was 129-141 mEq\dl, K+ was 3.6- 8.2 mEq\dl while Ca++ had a level range of 7.2- 12.2 mEq \dl. In the females group the means of Na+ level was 134.94 ± 3.86mEq/dl; K+ was 4.34 ± 0.46 mEq/dl while Ca++ had a level of 8.95 ± 0.84 mEq /dl. There are slight difference from the international ranges, yet a further bigger scale study is needed to verify those findings.

Jean Rhys‟s best-known postcolonial novel Wide Sargasso Sea has always been regarded as a prequel to Charlotte Bronte‟s Jane Eyre by shifting the focus from Jane to “the mad woman in the attic.” It is a novel filled with tragedy and it inquires into the production of knowledge about racial identity tragedy, especially the white Creole women‟s identity tragedy. The paper attempts to provide a comprehensive view of the “mad woman” Antoinette, who was caught between the control of English imperialist and racial class tension in Wide Sargasso Sea and try to prove that Antoinette‟s identity tragedy is the result of “being voiceless.”

Mandible is an important and the only movable bone in the craniofacial region. According to the old anatomists, it resembles a u-v shaped blunt bend. The mandible bears teeth, and this horseshoe-shaped/ v- bend bone is attached to many muscles. Understanding anatomy and kinesiology of mandible helps the practitioner/surgeon to choose the best treatment modality and surgical approach.

The article investigates the relationship between possible measures to overcome gender differences and high profile jobs relating to institution policy change and development in selected Universities of Western Uganda. The study adopted an observational, cross-sectional exploration design with both quantitative and qualitative as paradigms in order to describe the data and its characteristics. Questionnaires and an interview guides were employed to gather information from the respondents. Data was analyzed using frequencies, percentages and bar graphs. Study findings showed that there was a positive correlation between addressing gender differences and top job positions in universities in western Uganda. The study suggested remedies like; that there is need to advertise and give scholarships to young and well qualified women to go and pursue further studies for their career development and for helping their organizations to grow. There is need to encourage girl child education through the practice of positive discrimination and affirmative action in society. The study recommend also the practice of gender mainstreaming for all academic institutions to avoid the problem of under representation of both sexes , sensitization of stakeholders for girl child education, encouraging female candidates to apply for higher job positions and addressing gender-imbalance through staff development.

Toxoplasmosis has been described as the most widespread zoonotic disease of humans and other animals. Although Toxoplasma gondii infection in high school girls has been investigated in many countries, surveys have not been available in high school girls in Yemen. This study was performed to investigate the seroprevalence and risk factors associated with T. gondii infection among high school girls in Ibb city, Yemen. The study was carried out during the period February to December 2016. The sera from 220 volunteer girls were evaluated for T. gondii antibodies (IgM and IgG) using ELISA method. The seropositive rate of T. gondii was 18.2%, and 81.8% of high school girls was seronegative in anti-Toxoplasma IgG, while all cases (100%) were seronegative for IgM. Among the risk factors evaluated, only the presence of cats in home (p = 0.004) was observed as a significant risk factor associated with T. gondii infection. The results of this study may be useful for the design of optimal preventive measures against infection with T. gondii.

Competition of the world of education, especially universities at this time so rapidly for public and private universities. This study aims to determine the preference of prospective students and students in selecting universities in Gorontalo Province. This research uses a quantitative approach by conducting a survey to a number of prospective students who enroll in a number of universities or universities in Gorontalo. The results of research show the most considered factors by respondents (students and students) in choosing a college to continue study is the choice of study program, preferences in choosing a college is the reputation of a college and the encouragement of parents. Costs are no longer the most calculated factor in the selection of universities.

Ultrasonography is a widely used imaging technique that has many clinical applications. The early staging of the metastatic carcinoma is one of these widely uses. FNA and core biopsies have exceedingly replaced the surgical biopsy. The ultrasound-guided biopsy has shown great and more accurate results for breast cancer detection more than the use of one method alone. In this study, we aimed to determine the role of ultrasound-guided biopsy in breast cancer. The procedure was performed on 32consecutive patients that were enrolled at Shaukat Khanum hospital in this Cross-sectional comparative analytical study. Ultrasound-guided core and FNA-guided biopsies were performed for all 32 patients. The accuracy of breast lumps biopsy with ultrasound guidance biopsy was more accurated as compare to non ultrasound. Out of 32 patients 1(3.1%). was diagnosedwith acute inflammation, 16(50.0%). for breast metastatic carcinoma, 2(6.3%). for chronic inflammation, 1(3.1%). for ductal epithelial carcinoma, 1(3.1%). for fibrocystic, 1(3.1%). for the fibroepithelial lesion, 1(3.1%). for lymphocytic yield, 7(21.9%). were normal results and 1(3.1%). for stromal fibrosis. In conclusion, an Ultrasound-guided biopsy is highly accurate, and more effective and feasible method than the ultrasound examination alone and excisional surgery. Recently US-guided biopsy procedure is widely used for the diagnosis of lumps in breast cancer patient.

The translator, as the subject during the process of translation, is the most important and active factor in translation, whose subjectivity plays a key role in the translation practice. Not until the 1960s, did some researchers start to study the role of the translator in the process of the translation. Based on the previous studies on the subjectivity of the translator at home and abroad, this study mainly focuses on the subjectivity of the translator from cultural perspective. And it makes an analysis of the factors that influence translator’s subjectivity from three aspects: translation standards, purpose of translator and personal experiences of the translator. The conclusion is of great importance and practical value to cultural communication and the teaching of foreign language.

The paper investigates the impact of the contribution of road infrastructure expenditure on economic growth of Benin Republic using Jarque-Berra, White test, Breusch-Godfrey, Cusum and Cusum of squares techniques for the period (1985-2015). Overall the results reveal that gross domestic product, gross capital formation, labor productivity and road infrastructure expenditure play an important role in economic growth in the Benin Republic. More importantly, the study finds that road infrastructure expenditure in the Benin Republic has a significant positive contribution to economic growth in the long run than the short run. It is the same result with the gross capital formation. The labor production has a significant positive contribution to economic growth in long run. On the basis of these results analysis, it is strongly suggested to formulate certain recommendations in the field of economic policy that improves the road infrastructure expenditure as well as gross capital formation for sustainable economic growth in the Benin Republic. A new model has been proposed to the General Directorate of Public Works in effectively monitoring the level of road infrastructure expenditure in terms of growth and poverty reduction objectives

The aim of the study was to establish the attitude of students to learning Biology, to examine the academic performance of students in Biology and to compare the attitude of male and female students towards class size. This study investigated the attitude of students to class size and learning Biology. It established the effect of class size on students’ academic performance in Biology in Senior Secondary Schools in Gombi Educational Zone, Adamawa State. The study adopted survey design Three research questions and three hypotheses were postulated. The target population for the study comprised 17, 523 senior public secondary school students in Gombi Educational Zone, Adamawa State, and a sample size of 400 was selected by stratified sampling technique. The research instrument titled “Attitude of Students’ to Class Size and Learning of Biology Questionnaire (ASCSLBQ)” was adapted from Omwirhiren & Faith, 2016. The instrument comprised of 46 items divided into 3 sections. The face and content validity of the instrument was established by two experts in Counselling Psychology and Test and Measurement in the Department of Science Education, Adamawa State University, Mubi. Test-retest method was used to carry out the reliability test and the reliability coefficient was 0.82. The data collected were analyzed using descriptive and inferential statistics which included percentages, mean, Standard Deviation, and Analysis of Variance (ANOVA). The findings revealed that classes are very rowdy because students are too many, making students not hearing the teacher well during lessons, students love Biology as a subject, because they feel at ease in Biology class, feels good when they solve Biology questions, and are willing to spend more time reading Biology books. There is no significant difference between male and female students attitude towards class size. There is significant difference between the male and female students’ attitude towards the learning of Biology; and there is significant difference between male and female students’ academic performance. Biology is a general subject offered by all senior secondary school students, but the classes allocated to them are too small, as a result the classes are overcrowded. Even though the students have keen interest in Biology, they cannot perform practical very well because the teachers cannot give individual attention to the large numbers of students, others cannot even hear him well during lessons because there are no public address systems. This factor could adversely affect students’ academic performance in Biology. Based on this finding it was recommended that number of students in a class should be streamlined to at most 40 students. In addition, government should provide materials for teaching and learning Biology.

The aim of the present investigation was to develop controlled release tablet of Abacavir sulphate using. Azadirachta indica (Neem gum) and comparison with official guar gum (BP). Additionally, physiochemical properties of the gum were evaluated. Totally five batches abacavir containing extended release tablets were designed using neem gum / guargum characterized for preliminary trial. Best formulation was selected for optimization by 22 central composite design. In this Input variable were Neem gum/Guargum (X1) and Microcrystalline cellulose (X2). The output variables were Hardness (Y1) friability (Y2) swelling index (Y3) and in vitro release (Y4). The optimized formulations were subjected for inviro-invivo correlation. The study results revealed optimized batch A2 showed hardness of 5.8 kg / cm2, friability 0.63 %, swelling index 84.3% and in vitro release of 90% over the period of 12 h. A higher similarity between optimized tablets and Abamune tablets (Cipla) was established with similarity factors f2 was 50 .7.pH 6. 8 phosphate buffer. Also the in virtro in vivo correlation coefficient obtain from point –point analysis of optimized tablets was 0.98. The optimized tablets exhibit super case 11 mechanism.