This is a preliminary descriptive study of college students’ attitude toward natural health remedies where the researcher uses captive audience survey to collect data from undergraduate and graduate students attending private and public colleges and universities in the United States. Five factors are especially important in describing college students’ attitude toward natural health remedies: Economics (costs of healthcare), Knowledge (familiarity and understanding of health and healthcare), Relational or Relationship (influence of family, friends or significant others on healthcare choices), Beliefs (perceptions regarding health and healthcare), and Security (concerns about safety regarding healthcare practices and methods) - “EKRBS”. Quality and Satisfaction (Q-S) were also found to be important factors when it comes to attitude toward healthcare and natural health remedies. Overall, Knowledge (familiarity and understanding of health and healthcare) is the most important factor affecting college students’ attitude toward natural health remedies, followed by Economics (costs of healthcare). All these factors are revealed to have varying impact on students’ attitude toward natural health remedies

This paper introduces the application of fuzzy control in system modeling and utilizes the Linear Graph of mechanism modeling method to build the system model, and employs Simulink’s S-function to build the system controller and object to conduct simulation. In this paper, the double-ended component system is taken as an example to describe the linear graph theory commonly used in modeling, and the state space equation and the transfer function of the system are established and simulated based on the linear graph method. In the meantime, this paper also analyzes the merits and demerits of linear graph method and other mechanism modeling methods.

Pakistan joined the War on Terror (WOT) shortly after the 9/11 incident and helped United States in eliminating extremists and terrorists networks in Afghanistan. Resultantly, Pakistan is facing horrible security issues inside its territory. This paper analysis the various reasons behind loopholes in the security issues of Pakistan and why the incidents of terrorism have increased over the years

A huge malignant tumour of breast for radiologists turned out to be a rare benign tumour. An ordinary tumour in an extra ordinary location in 80 year old female! Pleomorphic adenoma in breast was mistaken for a malignant tumour and radical surgery was performed. Hence, clinicians, radiologists and pathologists should be aware of this rare tumour and its clinical, mammographic and variable histological appearances, in order to avoid misdiagnosis and an unwarranted radical surgery.

Abstract: The Kingdom Saudi Arabia (KSA) is the second largest Arab country, with a population estimated at 32.9 million, growing at 2%, in 2015.The maternal mortality in the Kingdom of Saudi Arabia has been substantially reduced within a reasonably short period. The maternal mortality rate in the year 1990 was 40 per 100,000 live births but it was drastically reduced to 12 in the year 2015. This is an example to many countries with unacceptably high maternal deaths. Poor antenatal care, hypertensive disorders of pregnancy and obstetric haemorrhage are the leading causes of maternal deaths. In KSA, rapidly changing attitude of women towards childbirth is occurring through progressively increasing female education and community health programmes in the region. Further reduction of maternal mortality rates in the community is envisaged through greater patient acceptance of medical advice, family spacing and proficient obstetric services. The quantitative and qualitative development of health services has led to improvement of maternal healthcare indicators. The MMR in Saudi Arabia will very soon match the developed countries with advanced health facilities. This article reveals the improvements in general improvement in socio-economic condition, increase in the female literacy rate, shifting from home delivery to hospital delivery, skilled care during pregnancy, labour and puerperium and contraceptive practice and reduction in fertility rate are the key factors contributed in improving the maternal health care in Saudi Arabia.

Lupus Miliaris Disseminatus Faciei is an idiopathic granulomatous skin disease affecting the face. It is also called as Acne agminata or Facial idiopathic granulomas with regressive evolution. It has a predilection for lower eyelids, forehead, nasolabial folds and perioral areas. Caseating as well as non- caseating epithelioid cell granulomas are identified on histopathological examination therefore differentials such as tuberculosis, sarcoidosis, granulomatous rosacea and other granulomatous disorders should be ruled out. A thirteen year old female presented with multiple papules perinasally and periorally around chin. A skin biopsy was performed from the lesion and sent for histopathological examination. On microscopic examination, a granulomatous reaction pattern was seen in the dermis. X-ray chest was unremarkable. Mantoux test was negative. Apple- jelly nodule like appearance was observed on diascopy. A diagnosis of LMDF was rendered on histopathology after clinical correlation. The diagnosis of LMDF should be kept in mind in case of papular eruptions on face not responding to antitubercular treatment. Mainstay of treatment is tetracycline and oral isotretinoin.

The existence of taxes in a country is a very important source of income in supporting national development. Developed countries are required to manage their taxes effectively and efficiently. Differences in the taxation system in each country become things that need to be studied more deeply for each country. Assessments are conducted to see the application of a good or complex system implemented in a country. A dministration of taxation as a system is a set of elements of legislation, facilities and infrastructure, and taxpayers are interrelated jointly perform the functions and duties to achieve certain goals. The rates of income tax in each country are regulated in regulations based on policies set by each country, such as Indonesia is regulated in Law no. 36 of 2008 which is one part of the tax administration. Comparison of income tax rate and value added tax in each country to be one of the reference writers to know which countries between Indonesia, Malaysia, and Thailand that have tax system and tax rate effective and efficient. Optimization of tax revenue not only on tariffs, but also through a combination of tax structures that can minimize tax evasion, and tax smuggling.

Streptococci cause a diverse array of infections. Changing trends in Streptococci causing invasive disease was noticed. This analysis aims to elucidate epidemiological trends amongst various invasive streptococcal diseases (IPD). Surveillance data was abstracted from the Electronic microbiology System for confirmed cases of alpha and Beta-hemolytic streptococci. A total of 91 isolates of streptococci were included. Streptococcus mitis 23 (23.9 %), was the most common isolate followed by Streptococcus agalactiae (Group B) 20 (20.8%) Streptococcus pneumoniae 14 (14.5%) Streptococcus pyogenes (Group A) 7 (7.29%), Streptococcus salivarius 7 (7.29%) and 20other different streptococcal species including (Streptococcus gordonii 5 (5.2%), Streptococcus parasanguinis5 (5.2%), Streptococcus sanguinis 4 (4.1%) Streptococcus species 1 (1%) Streptococcus anginosus 1 (1%), Streptococcus gallolyticus 1(1%), Streptococcus infantarius 1 (1%), Streptococcus intermedius 1 (1%), Streptococcus thermophilus 1 (1%)). Of 91 isolates identified cases of invasive disease, Children ≥1-5 years had the highest incidence for Invasive streptococcal disease (20.4%), Among the IPD, Bacteremia was the most frequently reported clinical manifestation for 64 (70.3%), followed by Invasive soft tissue infection 18 (19.7%) then meningitis 9 (9.8%). There is high prevalence of invasive disease in the study population.

This paper deals with a specific and rarely studied issue of Bosnia and Herzegovina in the field of international judicial cooperation in criminal matters. This is the common problem of successfully working with declarations to multilateral legal instruments. In view of this, the aim of my presentation is to find better solutions to this problem by identifying and correcting basic mistakes and unjustifiable omissions in making use of such declarations. For this purpose special attention is given, initially, to the hierarchy of legal instruments: domestic law and international agreements. It is well-known that in Civil Law (Continental-European, Latin) countries, international agreements are applicable directly, without any enabling legislation, and override domestic law which contradicts them. The priority of such agreements is indisputable in such countries. Belonging to this group of countries, Bosnia and Herzegovina makes no exception. As a result, where Bosnia and Herzegovina is a Party to some international agreement, it cannot unilaterally change anything in this agreement: either by means of its domestic law or in any other way. However, when the international agreement is a multilateral convention, Bosnia and Herzegovina is in the position to unilaterally modify it. The sole and irreplaceable means to reach this goal is a reservation or in some sense a declaration to the multilateral convention. Nevertheless, there are cases where the legislation of this country has not taken into consideration the inability of its own domestic law to change multilateral conventions. This makes it necessary to discuss those cases and explain the need of resorting to declarations, in particular, for the purpose of producing the desired result.

The first successful nephrectomy was performed by the German surgeon Gustav Simon on August 2, 1869 in Heidelberg. There are various indications for this procedure, such as renal cell carcinoma, a non-functioning kidney (which may cause high blood pressure) and a congenitally small kidney. Study period was between June 2014 and March 2018. Total nephrectomies done during this period were 146. Nephrectomies constituted 0.94 % of all the specimens received. Among them 94 were males and 52 were females constituting 64.4 % males and 35.6 % females respectively. In this study, among the 146 nephrectomies, majority was non-neoplastic lesions (114 cases) and 32 cases were neoplastic lesions. Among the 19 cases of renal cell carcinoma, majority cases were of clear cell pattern (8 cases), clear cell with papillary pattern, clear cells with anaplastic areas, chromophil type and chromophobe type, renal cell carcinoma –sarcomatoid variant. Occurrence of various pathological conditions such as infective, inflammatory and neoplastic lesions is common and incidental. Early diagnosis and treatment of the infective and inflammatory conditions will save the kidneys. In case of neoplastic lesions early identification of clinical features and proper usage of various diagnostic modalities will limit the Nephrectomies.

One of the fundamental rights the FDRE Constitution acknowledges is the freedom of political party membership. To this effect, the Revised Political Parties Registration Proclamation, which regulates the details of political party membership, allows a political party member to withdraw from membership at any time. It does not provide for any formality. However, the Cassation Bench of the Federal Supreme Court has decided in Unity for Justice and Democracy Party v Blue Party (File No.112091, decided on 06 May 2015 (Miyazia 28, 2007 E.C.) that a political party member cannot withdraw and be a member of another political party without notifying the former political party in writing. This case comment examines the appropriateness of this decision from the perspective of the right to political party membership. The case comment analyses the constitutional and legal provisions pertinent to the right to political party membership in Ethiopia. Relevant provisions of international human rights instruments are also explored. To share a lesson from comparative experience, the experience of the Israeli and Kenyan legal systems is examined. This author argues that the law does not require a written withdrawal notice. This enables a political party member to terminate his/her membership not only with written withdrawal notice rather by all other possible ways, including by taking new membership in another political party.

India has the World’s largest burden of tuberculosis and approximately 15- 20% of these cases have extrapulmonary disease (EPTB). The diagnosis of tuberculosis from tissue specimens is usually made by histopathological examination (HPE). However, histopathology does not always give specific findings and needs more than one week for final reporting. In 2013, WHO endorsed Xpert MTB/RIF assay for the rapid diagnosis of EPTB. In the present study the efficacy of this assay to diagnose tuberculosis from tissue specimens was assessed, taking composite reference standard (CRS) as reference standard. A total of 63 consecutive specimens of EPTB (June 2016 to May 2017), one showed the growth of non-tubercular mycobacterium on culture and was excluded from the study. Among the remaining 62 specimens, the most common were female genitourinary specimens (endometrial biopsies)- 30.64%, followed by vertebral tissue 29.03% and bone tissue 9.68%. The positivity shown by smear microscopy and HPE was 12.9% each, culture 14.52% and Xpert MTB/RIF assay 32.26%. The sensitivity and specificity of Xpert MTB/RIF assay in comparison to culture were 100% and 79.25% respectively. Whereas, CRS which includes smear microscopy, culture, histopathological, clinical and radiological findings, as reference standard, Xpert MTB/RIF assay showed sensitivity 64.52%, specificity 100%. This study suggests that Xpert MTB/RIF assay has good diagnostic potential for the rapid diagnosis of tuberculosis in tissue specimens, which could help in the timely initiation of antitubercular treatment and prevention of progression to irreversible changes.

The policy on the management of Industrial Forest Plantation (HTI) is a great opportunity for the local government of North Gorontalo Regency to develop the potential and quality of forest resources. This study aims to examine the impact of government policies on the management of Industrial Forest Plantation for indigenous peoples in North Gorontalo District. Data collection methods are carried out through survey stages, namely field observations, interviews and Focus Group Discussion (FGD) activities with stakeholders. The results obtained that the Industrial Plantation Forest policy on the one hand have a positive impact, but on the other hand have a negative impact. The positive impact is that it can spur regional and rural economic growth and open jobs to overcome unemployment. In addition, the negative impact is a decrease in community agricultural yields and interventions in the utilization of forest products. It is suggested that the regional government provide assistance and supervision on the policies of Industrial Plantation Forests which cover the ownership of Industrial Plantation Forests and community lands. So that the community has certainty about structuring the HTI work area, and the community can actively participate without causing conflict.

Synovial sarcoma is a translocation associated sarcoma characterized by SS18 – SSX1/2 fusion. It is one of the common adult soft tissue sarcomas predominantly affecting lower extremities. In resource poor settings, exact characterization by molecular methods may not be feasible always. In our study we attempted to study the clinical profile, histomorphology and immunoprofile of cases diagnosed as synovial sarcomas. Forty two cases diagnosed as synovial sarcomas based of presentation, histomorphology and immunopanel were analysed .The median age of presentation was 26 years with male to female ratio of 1.5:1. Majority of the sarcomas were of monophasic type (83%) with predominant hemangiopericytomatous pattern (67%) followed by fascicular pattern (48%). Tumor size was greater in adults older than 20 years when compared to younger age group. Tumors with large areas of calcification were seen with significantly low mitotic index.

Lassa fever is a disease of public health importance with high mortality and morbidity especially among rural dwellers.This study was done to determine the knowledge of transmission, risk factors, prevention, symptoms and the preventive practices against Lassa fever among adults in Ukpom, a rural community in Akwa Ibom State, Nigeria. A community based descriptive cross-sectional study was done among 228 adults selected by multi-stage sampling in 2016 using a pre-tested interviewer-administered questionnaire and analysed with SPSS.Ninety point eight percent (90.8%) claimed to have heard of Lassa fever mainly through radio and TV (64.9%). The majority knew that consuming food contaminated with rat feces and urine (88.6%) including eating poorly cooked rats (82.5%) transmits Lassa fever. Most knew that a clean environment (95.2%), proper covering of food (93.4%), no holes in homes (93.4%) and not eating rats (89.5%) prevents Lassa fever .The top 2 risk factors for Lassa fever known were non- covering of food (91.7%) and poor refuse disposal (89.9%). Common symptoms known were headache (69.3%), fever unresponsive to antibiotics (68.4%) and vomiting (66.2%). Major practices to prevent it were covering of food (98.2%), not eating rats (97.4%) and keeping a clean environment (95.6%). Only 15.8% stopped burning bushes, 32.9% stopped drinking garri and 17.5% fumigated their houses as practices to prevent Lassa fever. Age was significantly associated with level of knowledge. (p=0.000). Good level of knowledge of Lassa fever was found among community members though some misconceptions still existed. Intensified health education is recommended.