Background: Tapentadol having both mu-opioid receptor agonist and norepinephrine reuptake inhibitor characteristics has better GI profile and analgesic efficacy in acute and chronic including neuropathic pains. Post operative pain using tapentadol nasal spray with quicker recovery helps in minimizing the amount of time required for patient to be on bed rest, reduced hospital day, hospital expenditure and overall patient satisfaction. Objectives: We conducted this study to compare the efficacy of Tapentadol Nasal Spray and Diclofenac IV in the Post operative patients of Laparoscopic Cholecystectomy by using VAS (Visual Analogue Scale), to compare tapentadol and diclofenac in terms of safety of administration and to study the cost effectiveness. Methods: Using randomized, prospective study design, half of post-operative cases were prescribed tapentadol nasal spray and were assigned Group A. The second half of the postoperative cases received intravenous diclofenac and were assigned Group B. Scheduled dose of tapentadol nasal spray was 22.5 mg in each nostril and for intravenous diclofenac dose was 75 mg. Results: It was observed that the mean pain score in the subjects of the tapentadol nasal spray group was comparatively lower than intravenous diclofenac group by VAS (p<0.05). Conclusion: Tapentadol nasal spray at 22.5 mg in each nostril was found to be effective in managing the post operative pain with minimal side effects.

Magnetohydrodynamic (MHD) flow past a flat plate over an outer flow turbulence subjected to a defect-layer has been examined. It finds a novel approach to a Blasius equation with a view to analyze outer flow turbulence by analytical method, neglecting numerical method to describe the physical situation on outer flow which does not seems to appeared in the literature. In a defect-layer it is rigorously stated that outer flow in a defect layer is independent of Reynolds number. To solve Blasius equation subject to boundary conditions it is stated that numerical results are obtained by analytical method. A graphical representation shows that the velocity distribution is merged with different values of Hartmann number (magnetic pressure) so that velocity increases with indefinite period. In this situation, outer flow turbulence in a defect layer holds stress free so that the existence of a magnet field dominates the entire outer flow situation. In relating to the physical situation of interest, the universe is expanding slowly and slowly subject to a Hot Big Bang with a decisive importance to a microwave background of radiation.

The floral diversity contributes to invaluable ecosystem services and habitat values in a rich forested area. The Hirikatu Oya sub-watershed in the southwestern central mountain area of Sri Lanka is also one of the important forested areas with many recent challenges. This study aims to examine current changes in floral species in the Hirikatu Oya sub-watershed from the year 2000 to 2022. For the study, primary data were collected from a field survey of 25 stratified purposive sample sites (20 m × 20 m plots), along with 30 questionnaire surveys and 14 interviews. Primary-level findings were blended with secondary data sources. A mixed-methods strategy was employed to analyze the data. The study area is home to a diverse range of plant species, including woody, medicinal, tree species as well as, endemic and invasive plant species. Notably, the study revealed that 7 invasive plant species are available, while 4 plant species are already extinct and about 14% of tree species and 50% of vines are threatened. The outcome of the study highlights the need for effective management strategies and continuous efforts need to be made to strengthen management techniques, enforce relevant rules, encourage community involvement, and implement targeted initiatives for the sustainability of the forested area in the Hirikatu Oya sub-watershed in Sri Lanka.

This paper analyzes the effects of tariff policies on international trade flows and national competitiveness between 2018 and 2024, a time of revival of protectionism, the COVID-19 crisis, and a general surge in supply-chain disruptions. Using harmonized data sources provided by the WTO, UNCTAD, World Bank, and IMF, we implement a two-way fixed-effects gravity model in order to provide a rigorous assessment of the effect of tariff changes on trade flows between developed and developing economies. To help counter the possibility of endogeneity, we create a weighted tariff shock variable and apply system GMM regressions. We further expand the study with multidimensional measures of competitiveness such as export sophistication, logistics efficiency, and innovation capacity in order to confirm the consistency of our findings. The findings are consistent with the conclusion that increased tariffs reduce the performance of exports, and the negative effect is most pronounced in developing economies that are defined by a small industrial base and low technological potential. On the other hand, those economies that have high regional trade relations and sophisticated digital infrastructure have greater resilience to tariff shocks due to diversifying supply chains and updating technology. In our analysis, we find that there are always negative impacts on the performance of exports due to higher tariffs, but the most negative impacts were observed in developing countries that are not technologically developed and whose industrial bases are small. This paper provides practical policy advice on the need to balance short-term industrial security with long-term economic sustainability in a more globalized economy.

This paper examines the impact of digital financial inclusion on poverty reduction in Nigeria. The study is motivated by the report on the financial Inclusion Insights (FII), (2017) and (2022) which revealed that about 65.0% of the adult populace was financially excluded without any form of access to financial services. Data collection techniques employed was self-administered questionnaire. The questionnaire were administered to a total of 538 household that are financially included in rural area from the North-West region of Nigeria, by using convenient and simple random sampling techniques to select the sample. In analyzing the relationship among the variables, a Partial Least Square (PLS)-Structural Equation Modeling (SEM) technique was adopted. The findings of the study revealed that there is a positive and strong significant relationship between the digital financial inclusion and poverty reduction. The paper recommends the digital financial inclusion to be more robust in the rural areas, provide services at any time and any place through mobile terminals such as mobile phones and provide internet services across localities.

Background: The most prevalent consequence of Diabetes Mellitus (DM) is Peripheral Neuropathy (PN), which is frequently undiagnosed and untreated and consequently leading to physical and emotional damage to an individual. Therefore, this study was designed to explore the proportion of peripheral neuropathy among diabetic patients in tertiary care setting. Methods: This cross-sectional observational study among 403 participants was conducted at the out-patient department of Dhaka Medical College Hospital, Sir Salimullah Medical College, BIRDEM Hospital for one year of period. Data collection was conducted with a pre tested semi structured questionnaire and were analyzed using the statistical software SPSS 26. Results: Mean age of the respondents was 50.92±10.56 (SD) years with a majority in age group 60-69years (29%). Male and female was observed as equally 51.9% male and 48.1% male. The majority of patients (60.5%) have been living with diabetes for 2-5 years. Significant proportion of the patients (64%) have uncontrolled diabetes, while only 36% have achieved control over their condition. Overall, 48.4% respondents had peripheral neuropathy among diabetic respondents. Among the respondents with peripheral neuropathy, 97(24.1%) respondents had mild NSS, 69(17.1%) had moderate NSS and 29(7.2%) had severe NSS. BMI (25.75±2.65 and 24.81±2.98 kg/m2), HbA1C (8.48±0.78 and 7.98±1.13 %) and triglyceride level (318.79±46.28 vs. 282.52±76.45 mg/dl) were significantly higher among peripheral neuropathy respondents compared to non-neuropathy respondents. Conclusion: The findings have important clinical implications Lifestyle modifications, such as weight management and diet control, may also be essential in preventing or managing peripheral neuropathy. Early detection of intervention to manage pain should be a priority.

This paper presents a critical strategic analysis of international carbon pricing and its environmental, economic, and social impacts. This discussion will rely on peer-reviewed articles, policy reports, and empirical studies that have been published between 2007-2024. It examines the effect of carbon taxes and emissions trading systems (ETS) in reducing greenhouse gas (GHG) emissions, technological innovation, and long-term structural change using a systematic literature review and content analysis. Distributional equity, competitiveness, administrative capacity, and risk of carbon leakage are also examined in the study. It also analyzes the complementary tools such as voluntary carbon markets, carbon border adjustments (CBAM), revenue-recycling frameworks and just transition frameworks. It shows that carbon pricing alone cannot be used to achieve the level of decarbonization required to meet international climate targets, but is an important pillar when used in conjunction with more robust regulatory, fiscal and industrial policies. International coordination, better policy design, better revenue utilization and social fairness are important in maximizing the effectiveness and legitimacy of carbon pricing across the globe. This paper provides policy implications to policymakers, scholars, and climate negotiators to develop sustainable and equitable carbon pricing systems.

The digital transformation of global supply chains has introduced unprecedented opportunities for efficiency and automation, alongside new cybersecurity risks and legal challenges. This study focuses on the impact of these factors on international trade efficacy, as well as the complex connection between data sovereignty requirements and cybersecurity strategies within smart supply chains. We look at how businesses balance following the rules with good logistics performance using case studies, professional interviews, and data analysis. Our results show that data sovereignty rules add a lot of work to operations, but they also make supply lines stronger and safer. The study also shows that companies that can balance these different needs have 23% fewer cyber events while still getting the benefits of cross-border logistics. One thing that is often seen as a problem is becoming more and more important in shaping hacking and the future of smart supply chains, as this study clearly shows. Rules about where data is stored, rules that are specific to a sector, and sending data across borders all cause big problems, such as higher costs to comply, limited data movement, broken IT setups, and difficult audits. This research indicates that enterprises that synchronize their data governance with sovereignty-focused policies are more inclined to use advanced security architectures. Sovereign cloud environments are one of these architectures. They make sure that data stays inside the right bounds. Edge computing is another. It lets processing happen locally, which lowers exposure. Zero-trust models are another. They check access across distributed assets all the time. Today's technologies improve the safety, reliability, and availability of supply chain data in a few locations. The newly established standards are easier to follow, the operations are more stable, and the partners trust each other more.

Supply Chain Management (SCM) practices and organizational performance are looked at in this study through a detailed case study of GXO Logistics, which became the largest pure-play contract logistics provider in the world when it split off from XPO Logistics in August 2021. The study looks at how modern SCM practices, like automating tasks, integrating technology, and promoting sustainability, help with business efficiency and strategic success. The study uses a mixed-methods approach that includes both quantitative performance measures and qualitative insights from interviews with stakeholders to look at how GXO implemented advanced SCM practices during its most important formative years, 2021–2022. The results show that there are strong links between strategic SCM initiatives and organizational success. For instance, GXO had its best quarterly sales and adjusted EBITDA ever in the fourth quarter of 2021.GXO's quick success shows how good SCM practices can improve the performance of an organization. By the end of 2021, the company will have 195 million square feet of space in about 900 facilities around the world. The study adds to both the theoretical knowledge and practical applications of SCM. It gives logistics companies useful information for improving their operations in a world market that is getting more complicated. According to the results, strategic investments in automation (with 30% of warehouses adopting next-generation innovations), along with environmentally friendly practices and partnerships, make operations much more efficient and help them compete in the market. This study lays out a framework for understanding how modern logistics companies can use SCM techniques to achieve long-term growth and operational success.

The financial crisis in 2007–2008 shake the fiscal world with a wave of massive economic losses, which caused the biggest economic and financial disruption in the world’s financial system and lead to the banking sector recapitalization in many countries. Perennial banks failures attributed in severe losses, capital erosion and triggered a series of mergers and acquisitions, equity issues and government intervention in the Nigerian banking sector. This study is to evaluate the matrix analysis for the effect of merger and acquisition, equity issues and intervention on the performance of Nigerian banking sector. However, the nature and existence of this potential relationship were found to be mixed, which prompted this study to re-examine the relationship. This study employed the quantitative survey research design, stratified sampling method and Partial Least Squares (PLS) algorithm (bootstrap techniques) were used to test the hypotheses. Results obtained supported the hypothesis on the influence of mergers and acquisitions, equity issues, intervention on the banks' performance. The importance-performance map analysis was applied in this study to allow enriching the PLS-SEM analysis and thereby gain additional results and findings, although its application to banking is still at its embryonic state. In addition, the results from importance-performance map analysis indicate that the first priority by managers is to improve the performance aspects captured by equity issues, as this construct have the highest importance in the model, but relatively low performance. Finally, this study has succeeded in validating the aforementioned conceptualization as well as advancing significant theoretical and practical contributions to both researchers, regulatory authorities and managers for further understanding on the influence of recapitalization and banks performance. Further suggestions for future research directions are also offered.

Crime narratives often reflect underlying power dynamics, with marginalised groups, particularly women and individuals with disabilities, frequently portrayed as voiceless or vulnerable. These depictions reinforce systemic injustices and cultural perceptions that can be critically examined through the intersection of disability, gender, and crime. Drawing on Jack A. Nelson’s stereotype theory and a disability studies methodology, this paper analyses the Malayalam courtroom drama Neru (The Truth, 2023), focusing on its portrayal of disability within a legal and social context. The film centres on Sara Muhammed, a visually impaired sculptor and survivor of sexual assault, whose pursuit of justice, supported by public prosecutor Vijayamohan, reveals both entrenched ableist attitudes and moments of narrative empowerment. By positioning a disabled woman at the centre of a judicial narrative, Neru both reflects and challenges dominant media stereotypes outlined by Nelson, including the tropes of the pitiable victim, the burden, and the supercrip. Sara’s character oscillates between being framed as a tragic figure and a resilient agent of change, thereby complicating traditional portrayals of disability in Indian cinema. Through close analysis of specific scenes and dialogues, this paper highlights how Neru critiques institutional and cultural ableism, especially in the context of credibility, trauma, and justice for disabled women. This paper places Neru within the broader context of Malayalam cinematic traditions, demonstrating how it addresses systemic inequities and stereotypes about disability. As such, Neru offers a meaningful intervention in contemporary criminal storytelling, redefining how disability, gender, and justice intersect in Indian cinema and echoing Nelson’s call for more inclusive and authentic media representations.

Nowadays, the majority of seizure patients have lost confidence in themselves and are worried about their self-image, so they attempt to conceal their illness from others. Once a decision to treat epilepsy has been made, it is necessary to have a thorough knowledge of the choice of drug, toxic effects, mode of action with each antiepileptic drug. However, by determining the serum concentration and manipulating it within the therapeutic range it should be possible to find a regimen that adequately controls seizures without introducing unnecessary toxic effects. Since valproic acid is also a first-line treatment for epilepsy, it is now the most effective medication used. Over time, these medications are taken regularly.

The primary objective of this study is to determine how different supply chain management (SCM) approaches affect how well DPD Logistics runs its business. The research examines the impact of digital transformation, operational integration, and long-term initiatives on three critical aspects of a company's performance: profitability, operational efficiency, and customer satisfaction. This study uses a variety of methods to fill in the gaps in our knowledge of how to manage transportation. New supply chain strategies help firms remain ahead of the competition by allowing them to change with the times. The results show that DPD's strategic supply chain management (SCM) efforts have improved the company's measurable results. This is particularly relevant for projects like becoming digital, keeping track of stock, and using green logistics. The organization will be able to ship and manage more than 2.1 billion items throughout the world by 2024. Thanks to integrated supply chain management systems, this is possible. This study shows that different needs can be met in different ways. Supply chain management has become more open and flexible because of the introduction of new technologies such as data-driven forecasting and automated storage. The service is not as pleasant or as inexpensive as they were in the past. This research enhances the existing knowledge of supply chain management (SCM). To do this, people look at things from the Resource-Based View (RBV) and Systems Theory points of view. Transportation workers can also use the information to help supply lines run better and be more competitive. The study reveals that transportation businesses may do better with SCM if they apply modern technologies and green ideas.

Pre-eclampsia is a significant complication that may occur during gestation. It elevates blood pressure and harms organs, typically the liver and kidneys. It often commences after 20 weeks of gestation, and if not promptly identified and addressed, it can have severe repercussions for both the mother and the infant. Extensive research in Saudi Arabia has indicated that pregnant women had limited knowledge on the signs, risk factors, and complications associated with pre-eclampsia. This narrative review aims to provide a comprehensive review about the efficacy of educational interventions, particularly educational videos, in enhancing women's understanding of pre-eclampsia. Audiovisual tools significantly enhance comprehension, engagement, and retention compared to conventional methods such as pamphlets or verbal communication. This review emphasizes how different educational intervention, and instructional videos assist mothers in acquiring knowledge, facilitate early symptom recognition, and enhance pregnancy outcomes.

Background: Trichuris trichiura (whipworm) is a common soil-transmitted helminth that contributes to significant morbidity among children in low-resource settings. This study aimed to determine the prevalence of T. trichiura infection and identify associated sociodemographic, behavioral, and environmental risk factors among children. Methods: A cross-sectional study was conducted involving 126 children aged 1–15 years. Data on demographics, hygiene practices, environmental exposures, and health history were collected through structured questionnaires. Stool samples were analyzed using the Kato-Katz technique. Chi-square tests and multivariate logistic regression were used to identify factors associated with infection. Results: The overall prevalence of T. trichiura infection was high. Bivariate analysis revealed significant associations between infection and abdominal pain (p < 0.0001), presence of worms in stool (p = 0.0031), proximity to animals (p = 0.0006), lack of family prevention education (p = 0.0404), and use of plain water for handwashing (p = 0.0068). In the adjusted model, abdominal pain remained a strong predictor (AOR = 12.64, p = 0.002), while proximity to animals showed a positive trend (AOR = 4.18, p = 0.078). Family exposure to preventive education was borderline protective (AOR = 0.28, p = 0.051). Conclusion: Abdominal pain is a key clinical indicator of T. trichiura infection. Environmental and behavioral factors, particularly living near animals and inadequate handwashing practices, contribute to infection risk. Community-specific health education and integrated sanitation strategies are essential for effective control.