Radiology plays a crucial role in the management of stroke, particularly through the use of advanced imaging techniques such as CT scans and MRIs. These imaging modalities are essential for the rapid and accurate diagnosis of stroke types ischemic or hemorrhagic which significantly influences acute treatment decisions. Radiology not only helps in identifying the presence and extent of brain damage but also guides interventional procedures, like thrombectomy, during critical timeframes. In tandem, laboratory testing provides vital information regarding patient health and aids in determining underlying stroke risk factors. Tests such as complete blood counts, coagulation profiles, and lipid panels enable healthcare providers to tailor interventions based on individual patient needs, thereby optimizing outcomes. Preventive strategies and nursing care are fundamental in multifaceted stroke management, emphasizing the importance of risk factor modification and patient education. Preventive strategies focus on controlling hypertension, diabetes, and hyperlipidemia through medication and lifestyle changes, including diet and exercise. Nurses play a pivotal role in this preventative realm by delivering education on recognizing stroke symptoms, promoting adherence to treatment regimens, and providing support for smoking cessation or weight management. Furthermore, they are integral in the management and monitoring of acute stroke patients in clinical settings, ensuring timely intervention and facilitating rehabilitation efforts to promote optimal recovery. Their holistic approach not only addresses immediate medical needs but also fosters long-term health and well-being.

This study evaluates the impact of soybean inoculation with Bradyrhizobium japonicum on different soil types (Acric Ferralsol, Xanthic Ferralsol, Eutric Cambisol) in the Lubumbashi region, in southeastern DR Congo, where yields are low due to soil degradation and limited use of inputs. The main objective was to identify the optimal combinations between Bradyrhizobium strains, soybean varieties, and soil types in order to improve soybean productivity and contribute to the regeneration of degraded tropical soils. A field trial was conducted using a split-plot design. Three strains of Bradyrhizobium japonicum and an uninoculated control were applied to five soybean varieties on three different soil types. The seeds were inoculated before sowing. Agronomic data (emergence, growth, nodulation, yield) and soil physicochemical properties were collected and analyzed by ANOVA to evaluate the effects of different factors and their interactions. The results showed a strong interaction between soil type, Bradyrhizobium strain, and soybean variety. The Ferralsols, more degraded, responded better to inoculation than the eutric Cambisol, which is more fertile. Strains S1 (USDA 110) and S3 (USDA 142) proved to be the most effective in improving nodulation and vegetative growth. Surprisingly, the highest yields were observed in the acric Ferralsols, despite lower nodulation, suggesting a better allocation of resources toward seed production. Inoculation also had a positive effect on pH and cation availability in Ferralsols. The study confirms that the effectiveness of soybean inoculation strongly depends on local soil conditions. An agroecological approach, adapting the choice of Bradyrhizobium strains to the soil type, is essential for sustainably improving soybean productivity and the fertility of tropical soils.

Background: Lumbar intervertebral disc prolapses, commonly known as herniated disc, is a leading cause of chronic lower back pain and radicular pain, often necessitating surgical intervention when conservative treatments fail. This study compares the outcomes of unilateral fenestration and discectomy (UFD) versus bilateral fenestration and discectomy (BFD) in treating lumbar intervertebral disc prolapse. Objective: To evaluate the effectiveness of UFD and BFD in terms of pain relief, functional improvement, complication rates, and recovery times. Methods: This prospective study involved 200 patients diagnosed with single-segment lumbar disc herniation from January 2012 to December 2017. Patients underwent conservative treatment before surgical intervention. Group A received UFD, while Group B underwent BFD. Pain severity was assessed using the Visual Analogue Scale (VAS), and functional recovery was evaluated using the Oswestry Disability Index (ODI). Statistical analyses were performed using SPSS 19.0 software. Results: Group A (UFD) demonstrated superior perioperative and postoperative outcomes compared to Group B (BFD). Although demographic variables and herniation patterns were comparable between groups, Group A exhibited shorter surgical duration, lower intraoperative blood loss, and reduced postoperative analgesic requirements. Hospital stay and bed rest duration were significantly shorter in Group A, indicating faster recovery. Preoperative VAS-LP, VAS-BP, and ODI scores were similar in both groups; however, Group A showed greater reductions in pain and disability scores at early and late follow-up. Additionally, fewer postoperative complications were noted in Group A. These findings suggest that UFD leads to more efficient surgical recovery and improved early functional outcomes compared to BFD. Conclusion: UFD (Group A) provides clear advantages, including lower postoperative pain levels, reduced blood loss, shorter hospital stays, and faster overall recovery. These findings support UFD as a preferable surgical approach for appropriately selected patients, owing to its less invasive nature and superior short-term outcomes.

The industrial sector, a significant contributor to global energy demand, is experiencing a vital transition towards sustainable practices while maintaining production efficiency. The implementation of peak shaving electricity, a strategy that reduces consumption during periods of peak demand, presents a viable solution. This approach reduces greenhouse gas emissions and energy costs, benefiting both the environment and the economy. Recent advancements in the integration of solar photovoltaics (PV), battery energy storage system (BESS), and demand response programs have enhanced the appeal of peak shaving using with vendor controller and reliable communication system. This integrated approach has attracted considerable attention for its potential to optimize energy use while maintaining industrial operations, providing a pathway to responsible industrial sustainability. This paper presents application of optimal BESS management with integrating solar PV for industrial peak shaving using real-time demand response data and standard Modbus TCP/IP communication systems. This article identifies key themes, including objectives, technologies employed, and techniques for implementation. A case study of a California Waste Management facility describes the implementation of hybrid solar photovoltaic systems, a battery energy storage system, and electric vehicle (EV) charging infrastructure. These systems are capable of directly powering operations, storing solar energy in batteries, feeding excess energy into the grid, and transitioning to grid-supplied power as required. This case study demonstrated a notable 13.87% reduction in energy costs and a 22.9% decrease in CO2 emissions. This study presents the Industrial Peak Shaving framework, designed to promote sustainable industrial practices and guide future research and implementation.

This study explores the perceptions of undergraduate English literature students in Northern Bangladesh concerning the improvement of their soft skills through academic experiences. The paper mainly focuses on five core skills: presentation skills, technological skills, leadership skills, job searching skills, and CV writing skills. A mixed-method research approach is used to conduct the research. The quantitative data is collected through a structured survey among 300 participants and the qualitative data is collected through open-ended interviews with 50 participants. All the respondents are undergraduate English literature students of 3 private universities, 2 public universities and 2 colleges under national university in northern Bangladesh. The results reveal that though students of the private universities get moderate help from the university for the development of their soft skills, public university students and especially national university students do not get that much assistance for their soft skills development

This study investigates the linguistic practices of the queer community in Delta State, Nigeria, focusing on the morph-semantic features of its language. Using qualitative methods including interviews, questionnaires, focus group discussions, and WhatsApp chat analysis the research identifies lexical items peculiar to the LGBT community and examines the processes of word formation and semantic variation. Drawing on Laurie Bauer’s morphological productivity theory, the study uncovers innovative morphological structures and semantic shifts reflecting identity, secrecy, and solidarity. Findings reveal that queer language in Delta State exhibits high morphological productivity, incorporating affixation, clipping, compounding, and borrowing. Many lexical items have no direct equivalents in Standard English and exhibit meanings accessible only to insiders. The research underscores the intersection of language, identity, and marginalization in sociolinguistic discourse and contributes to the documentation of underexplored Nigerian linguistic varieties.

Thermal regeneration of spent commercial granular activated carbon was done sequentially after batch adsorption studies to check the adsorptive capacities of the carbon after four (4) circles of regeneration. Characterization of the adsorbents was carried out instrumentally using FTIR, SEM, and PXRD. Characterization parameters such as burn off 25.06% (CGAC) and 6.498% for (RGAC), bulk density 0.58 g/cm3 for (CGAC) and 0.68 g/cm3 for (RGAC), Moisture contents 0.074 and pH 7.0. Attrition 36.24% (CGAC) and 88.92 % (RGAC), Conductivity 1422 µs/cm (CGAC) and 13.85 µs/cm (RGAC). Stock solution of 1000 ppm was prepared; the experimental solution was prepared by using dilution formula to calculate the exact amount of the stock needed to dilute with distilled water to obtain 10,20,30,40, and 50 ppm working standards. 20cm3 of each working standards of Congo red solution were interacted with 1.0 g of the commercial granular activated carbon in a separate glass flask capped with foil. The maximum adsorption capacity after four circles of thermal regeneration, is approximately 81% overall. Batch adsorption study was carried out to study the effect of experimental variables. (pH, Initial concentration, contact time, adsorbent dosage and temperature). The equilibrium study for the sorption of Congo red was investigated using Langmuir, Freundlich, DubininRadushkevich and Temkin isotherm models. The linearity of the Langmuir isotherm models (R2 value of 0.9909 for CGAC, 0.9869 for RGAC), Freundlich isotherm model R2 was CGAC (0.9295), RGAC (0.8794), Temkin isotherm model (R2 CGAC (0.7837), RGAC (0.8076), and Dubinin-Radushkevich isotherm model RGAC (0.7829), CGAC (0.7322) were obtained from their various plots. Langmuir seems to have the best fit having its R2 values very close to 1 follow by Freundlich isotherm model. The efficiency in removal of Congo red using the regenerated adsorbent and commercial activated carbon at 95% confidence interval shows that there is no statistically significant difference. This implied that regeneration of adsorbents after use is of economic advantage to curb cost in solving the problem of textile effluents decolorization.

Nanoparticles and metals increasingly intersect with biological systems, demanding biomarkers that are mechanistically informative, field-deployable, and interpretable across species. Framed within a One-Health perspective, this literature review synthesizes evidence on the nano–bio interface from molecular to ecosystem scales. We first situate exposure pathways, environmental fate, and bioavailability highlighting agglomeration, protein corona dynamics, dissolution/redox cycling, and uptake routes that condition internal doses. We then map mechanistic cascades (oxidative stress, immune modulation, genotoxic/epigenetic regulation, tissue injury/repair) onto Adverse Outcome Pathways (AOPs) to clarify where biomarker families read out along the continuum from initiating events to organismal and population effects. Assay domains are examined comparatively: enzymatic/biochemical markers (e.g., CAT, SOD, GPx, LPO), miRNA and broader omics (transcriptomic/proteomic/metabolomic pathways), histopathology and digital pathology, behavioral/physiological endpoints, and environmental DNA (eDNA) biosurveillance. Cross-taxa synthesis spans aquatic vertebrates and invertebrates, amphibians/reptiles, and birds/mammals, distilling concordance/discordance patterns among endpoints and contexts. For multimodal inference, we review Weight-of-Evidence, multivariate panel construction (PCA/PLS/clustering), and probabilistic/Bayesian fusion with attention to calibration and uncertainty. Quality and standards are emphasized (controls, effect sizes, MIQE/FAIR/GLP elements) alongside nano/metal-specific interferences and key confounders (life stage, genotype, co-stressors, matrix effects, particle traits/metal speciation). Applications span aquaculture health, wildlife conservation, environmental compliance, and translational/clinical monitoring. We identify critical gaps—chronic low-dose and mixture exposures, under-studied taxa/ecosystems, longitudinal field realism—and propose minimal core panels for lab screening and field deployment, plus a staged roadmap for method harmonization, reference materials, and open data resources. Collectively, the review outlines a path to robust, cross-taxa biomarker architectures that strengthen nanotoxicology inference and One-Health decision-making.

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The shift from secondary level to tertiary level marks an important phase in a student’s academic and personal life. This study investigates the various challenges faced by first-year university students, commonly known as freshers. This study utilized both qualitative and quantitative methodologies, encompassing questionnaires, interviews, and observations, to identify the primary challenges encountered by students in their initial university experience. The study's findings indicate that freshmen face various social, emotional, academic, and financial difficulties, including homesickness, language barriers, adjustment to new learning styles, and financial stress. A lot of students also felt mental anxiety, feelings of inferiority, and trouble with time management and communication. This study underscores the necessity for supportive measures from university administrations, encompassing counseling services, pedagogical approaches, and equitable treatment for all students. If these issues are properly addressed, universities can ensure a more welcoming environment for freshers; additionally, it will create a smoother shift to higher education and promote their academic and personal development.

Saudi Arabia's Vision 2030 is a major transformative push for an economy and public services diversification such as in health. This strategic vision of health care in the Kingdom gives emphasis on sustainability, accessibility, and quality in the healthcare delivery systems. Developmentally, Jazan is a fast pace growing area which faces its own specific challenges and opportunities with respect to the provision of health services. This review intends to study the health care planning in Jazan in relation to Vision 2030 which includes key policy issues, infrastructure developments, technology integration, and human resources improvements. It draws conclusions on public-private partnerships (PPPs) for health, digital health initiatives, and strategic interventions to address health issues in the region. By peer reviewing the literature available, government reports, and case studies, this review is presented as an overview of best practices and recommendations for strengthening such systems in Jazan. In conclusion, critical aspects such as healthcare governance, financial investments, and technological advancement have been drummed up, emphasizing the need for Jazan to achieve the extensive healthcare goals set forth under Vision 2030.

This study tiled “Fostering a Culture of Well-being and Civility: Pathways to Enhance Staff Retention and Improved Patient Outcomes in Nursing” aimed to explore how well-being and civility initiatives influence nurse engagement, retention, and patient outcomes within the Executive Nursing Affairs of Prince Sultan Military Medical City (PSMMC)-Ministry of Defense (MSD). Using a mixed methods descriptive correlational design, the study employed the Nursing Retention & Recognition Committee (NRCC) bilingual (Englisg-Arabic) questionaire as the main research intrument to measure nurses’ perceptions of workplace well-being, civility, engagement, and retention. Institutional data from the Nursing Retention & Recognition Committee (NRCC) covering 2022 to 2025 were also analyzed to validat the results and strengthen the interpretation. The findings revealed that PSMMC demosntates a strong commitment to fostering well-being and civility through effective recognition programs, empowerment opportunities, and initiatives promotion mutual respect. The extent of implementation of these initiatives was rated high (Mean=4.05), reflecting strong organizational support and leadership engagement. Nurse engagement and satisfaction were also moderately high (Mean=3.95), largely influenced by teamwork, morale, and professional fulfillment. Pearson’s correlation analysis showed a strong positive relationship (r = 0.74, p  0.05) between well-being and civility initiatives and staff retention. Regression analysis futher inidcated that improved well-being and civility significantly enhance patience outcomes (=0.62, p 0.05), particularly in quality of care and satisfaction. The results affirm PSMMC’s leadership excellence in nurturing a professional, respectful, and supportive nursing environment. Continuous evaluation, mentorship for newly hired nurses, and sustained recognition initiatives are recommended to strenghthen engagement and retention. Ultimately, the study emphasizes that cultivating a culture of well-being and civility is vital for promoting workforce stability and achieving excellence in patient care.

The review paper explains the effects of data-driven transformation in healthcare on access to care and efficiency in the southwest part of Saudi Arabia, with focus on Jazan. Within the ambit of Saudi Vision 2030, several steps have been taken by the Kingdom to adopt digital health technologies that will help close the urban-rural healthcare gap. Utilization of telemedicine, mobile health applications, and AI-enabled diagnostics continues shaping much-needed changes in health delivery mechanisms in resource-poor areas by enhancing access to medical services for previously underprivileged rural populations alienated by geographical barriers, long travel distances to health facilities, unaffordable costs, and inadequate availability of both health facilities and personnel. Across the southwest of Saudi Arabia, where terrain and infrastructural challenges have historically obstructed access to healthcare, digital health initiatives like Seha Virtual Hospital (SVH), and Sehhaty App now play a crucial role in availing remote consultations, the management of chronic diseases, and delivery of care. The integration of electronic health records (EHR) and, in turn, AI tools will boost the efficiency of healthcare services through real-time data sharing, better allocation of resources, and lesser diagnostic errors. Yet, several challenges remain, including issues of internet connection in the rural space, digital literacy, preparedness of the workforce, and regulatory frameworks for telemedicine. These barriers need to be dealt with for the sustainable and equitable rollout of digital health solutions. This review elaborates on how data-driven transformation of healthcare could precipitate a favourable outcome in the health of the southwest region while laying down the challenges to be surmounted for this progress to continue with success. By and large, the data-driven health transformation in southwest Saudi Arabia presents a potential model for addressing disparities between urban and rural health, resulting in more efficient, accessible, and patient-centred care.

The study aimed to evaluate donor deferrals among individuals presenting for whole blood or platelet apheresis donation at King Abdullah Medical City in Makkah, Blood Bank Department, and to classify deferrals by screening stage. Category 1 deferrals included interview-based reasons such as recent travel to malaria-endemic areas, current medication use, or behavioral risk disclosures. Category 2 deferrals included clinical assessment findings such as low hemoglobin, abnormal blood pressure, and high body temperature. The study also evaluated the theoretical potential of telemedicine to reduce Category 1 deferrals through pre-donation screening. A retrospective cross-sectional study was conducted at the Blood Bank Department of King Abdullah Medical City in Makkah between January 2023 and December 2024. From 3,029 recorded deferrals, a systematic random sample of 385 deferred donors was selected for analysis. Each deferral was classified according to the screening stage. Descriptive statistics and Chi-square tests were used. A total of 385 deferred donors were analyzed. Of these, 260 (67.5%) were classified as Category 2 and 125 (32.5%) as Category 1. Gender was significantly associated with deferral category (χ²(1, N = 385) = 6.128, p = 0.013). Category 1 deferrals were more frequent among male donors (35.2%) than female donors (18.0%). Interview-based factors accounted for 32.5% of deferrals and could be identified in advance through structured remote screening methods such as tele-interviews, reducing the likelihood of unnecessary on-site visits. The study examined the theoretical role of telemedicine as a pre-donation triage tool, emphasizing its potential to decrease avoidable deferrals and strengthen donor retention through targeted early interventions.

This study explores the influence of Bank Al-Maghrib's interventions on exchange rate behavior in Morocco from 1990 to 2024. With an ARDL model integrating key macroeconomic factors (inflation, interbank rate, liquidity, and foreign reserves), the research goal is to observe the short- and long-run relationships between monetary policy and the dirham's appreciation. Apparently, the results reveal the presence of a long-run correlation of the studied variables, meaning that the exchange rate demonstrates a sustained-in-time response to monetary fundamentals. Notably, the money supply and foreign exchange reserves appear as the most influential determinants, thereby confirming the supremacy of interventions and withdrawal in foreign exchange markets. The analysis also shows there exists a major impact of the interest rate, which exemplifies the role of the financial channel in the Moroccan setting. The findings also establish that there is a quick adjustment of the exchange rate to its long-term equilibrium, and a strong structural stability of the model. Thus, the study enhances the knowledge about Morocco's exchange rate policy and stresses the importance of policy coordination among reserve management, monetary discipline, and specific central bank operations to boost the dirham's stability during the transitional economy times.