This study investigated the hepatoprotective effects of plantain meal on liver enzyme levels in ethanol-induced Wistar rats. Eighteen male Wistar rats (160–270 g) were divided into three groups: Group I (control), received standard rodent chow; Group II, was fed a mixture of plantain meal and normal feed at a 1:1 ratio; and Group III, received a 2:1 plantain-to-feed ratio. After 14 days of dietary intervention, all groups were induced with 80% ethanol (5 ml/kg). Serum levels of alanine aminotransferase (ALT), aspartate aminotransferase (AST), and alkaline phosphatase (ALP) were measured. The results indicated that plantain meal significantly reduced ALT, AST, and ALP levels in the experimental groups compared to the control, with the 1:1 ratio being more effective. These findings suggest that plantain meal possesses hepatoprotective properties, making it a potential candidate for dietary interventions aimed at liver health.

Depression in adolescents has become a major social issue and, in most cases, leads to permanent functional impairment in adulthood. Since then, the discipline has successfully overcome the naive nature versus nurture controversy and embraced dynamic models of integration. This review contributes to a developmental-transactional model, which assumes that depressive outcomes are a result of the interaction of diffuse genetic vulnerabilities and powerful interpersonal stressors. In this case, genetic predisposition creates a risk gradient of probability, which often is manifested as increased sensitivity to the environment, especially the relationship landscapes of family and peers. Genetic factors can affect reactivity to adversity and determine the stressors people face in a systematic manner through gene-environment correlation and interaction mechanisms. A dual-pronged intervention approach is thus needed: to decrease the modifiable social risks and at the same time increase the environmental buffers to reduce the inherent biological vulnerability.

The international legal order has long been shaped by a paradigm of globalistic hegemony, in which powerful states and transnational institutions dominate the formulation, interpretation, and enforcement of international norms. This hegemonic structure has generated persistent debates over legitimacy, equity, and inclusiveness within global governance. The call to reconstruct international legal order beyond the paradigm of globalistic hegemony therefore arises from both theoretical and practical concerns: the erosion of state sovereignty, the asymmetrical benefits of globalization, and the marginalization of voices from the Global South. This paper interrogates the limits of hegemonically driven legal frameworks and explores alternative pathways for establishing a more balanced, multi-polar, and pluralistic order. Drawing on theories of sovereignty, self-determination, and multi-polarity, the paper argues that international law must be reconfigured to reflect the realities of an evolving global order in which emerging powers, regional blocs, and non-state actors increasingly challenge unilateral dominance. The reconstruction of international legal order necessitates rethinking the foundational principles of equality of states, non-intervention, and collective security in ways that align with twenty-first-century geopolitical complexities. It also requires the reform of global governance institutions such as the United Nations Security Council, the World Trade Organization, and international financial bodies, to ensure broader representation and accountability. Ultimately, moving beyond globalistic hegemony is not a rejection of international cooperation but an affirmation of its necessity under fairer and more equitable terms. By advancing pluralism, decentralization, and shared responsibility, a reconstructed international legal order can foster legitimacy, stability, and peace in an increasingly multi-polar world.

The glandular odontogenic cyst is now a well-known entity comprising < 0.5% of all odontogenic cysts with a recent review tabulating about 200 cases in the English literature. Glandular odontogenic cyst shows epithelial features that mimic glandular differentiation. The importance of glandular odontogenic cyst relates to the fact that it has a high recurrence rate and shares overlapping histologic features with central mucoepidermoid carcinoma. Glandular odontogenic cyst shows no pathognomonic clinico -radiographic characteristics and therefore in many cases it resembles a wide spectrum of jaw cysts and malignancies. Most of the times diagnosis can be difficult due to histopathological similarities with dentigerous cyst, lateral periodontal cyst and central mucoepidermoid carcinoma. Therefore, careful histopathological examination and a long-term follow-up are required to rule out recurrences.

There can be little doubt that we are in the midst of a golden age for dystopian science fiction (SF), given added impetus in recent times by the public availability of artificial intelligence (AI) tools such as Chat-GPT, Oracle, Gemini and Bard, and the wealth of both academic and popular literature which such developments have generated. Charlie Brooker’s dark and edgy SF series of Black Mirror films now in its seventh iteration on Netflix exploits heavily our fears about the dangers of AI technology threatening human culture in every sphere of activity from work, to education, to health care, and in social relationships. The question of whether this is pure, thrill-seeking entertainment like stories about vampires and demons which have little or no impact on real life or whether it is intended to warn us against the potential dangers of emerging technology and thus help us to establish safeguards to protect our cherished values and ways of life is a moot question. The persistent dystopian emphasis about AI dangers throughout the Black Mirror films suggest that there is indeed a serious intention behind the stories. After examining some of the core themes and cognate connections with SF in general this article goes on to consider whether this futuristic doom-mongering, especially about AI, is harmful or beneficial for present and future human culture in all its forms.

Hemangioblastomas are sporadic tumors found in the cerebellum or spinal cord. Supratentorial hemangioblastoma are exceedingly rare tumors. We present a case of cerebral hemangioblastoma not associated with von Hippel-Lindau disease. A 35-year-old woman was admitted to a hospital with one mouth history of headache associated with partial seizures. Magnetic resonance imaging revealed a giant cystic mass occupying much of the right frontal hemisphere, with a hyperdense mural nodule. During surgery, the cyst was evacuated, and the mural nodule was completely excised. The postoperative course was uneventful. The histopathologic findings were considered consistent with hemangioblastoma. The finding of a cyst with a mural tumor nodule in the cerebral hemispheres suggests primarly a benign astrocytoma, but other tumors can present in a similar form. The treatment of choice for supratentorial hemangioblastoma is surgical resection. We report a case of supratentorial hemangioblastoma, review the literature, and discuss the radiopathological correlation and diagnostic difficulties associated with such lesions.

Cancer remains one of the leading causes of morbidity and mortality worldwide, necessitating the development of advanced therapeutic strategies with improved efficacy and reduced toxicity. Conventional cancer treatments are often limited by poor drug solubility, non-specific distribution, systemic side effects, and the development of drug resistance. Targeted drug delivery systems, particularly nanotechnology-based approaches, have emerged as promising solutions to overcome these challenges. Solid Lipid Nanoparticles (SLNs) are biocompatible and biodegradable carriers capable of enhancing drug stability, bioavailability, controlled release, and targeted delivery. Nilotinib, a second-generation BCR-ABL tyrosine kinase inhibitor, is widely used in the treatment of chronic myeloid leukemia; however, its clinical application is constrained by limited bioavailability and adverse effects. Rutin, a natural bioflavonoid, exhibits potent antioxidant, anti-inflammatory, anti-angiogenic, and pro-apoptotic properties, making it a valuable adjunct in cancer therapy. The co-encapsulation of Nilotinib and Rutin into SLNs offers a synergistic therapeutic approach by enhancing solubility, improving cellular uptake, reducing systemic toxicity, and overcoming multidrug resistance. This project focuses on the formulation and application of Nilotinib and Rutin-loaded SLNs as an innovative strategy for enhanced cancer treatment. The SLN-based delivery system holds significant potential for improving therapeutic outcomes and advancing personalized cancer therapy.

This study examines how Chan Ho-Kei's novel, Second Sister, depicts trauma generated by digital technology and presents a narrative of resistance against online bullying. Online bullying has emerged as a global problem causing serious psychological harm to victims, including trauma that is recorded and shared electronically. A recent study by Hinduja and Patchin (2025) suggests that online bullying should be classified as an adverse childhood experience due to its traumatic impact on adolescent development, with a strong link between PTSD symptoms and online bullying experiences. The novel offers a unique perspective on how digital technology can function as both a source of trauma and an instrument of resistance. Applying narrative analysis and digital trauma theory, this study investigates how the novel's characters confront, respond to, and resist online bullying. The analysis includes story structure, character portrayal, and the role of technology as a plot element. The findings reveal that the novel depicts digital trauma through three main aspects: the persistence of electronic traces, the escalation of violence through social media, and the fragmentation of victim identity. The narrative of resistance is developed through online investigation tactics, the reclaiming of victim narratives, and the formation of solidarity online. The novel also critiques the social systems that allow online bullying to thrive, such as the culture of victimization and institutional incompetence. The study's conclusions underscore the need for a deeper understanding of the complexities of digital trauma in an era of hyperconnectivity, as well as the importance of empowering stories of resistance for online bullying victims.

Nigerian Institutions of Higher Learning are experiencing twin perilous challenges national leadership irrationality and internal anomie. As a result, many of the products of the institutions are not only half-baked but they are also unemployable. The deterioration is perennial and its causes are legion. Little or no decisive steps have been taken to ameliorate the situation over the years. In this study, an attempt is made, from the literary perspective, to historicise the problems, unearth their genesis and, in view of the findings, proffer suggestion that can help revive the standard. The theoretical framework adopted for the study, which is predicated on qualitative research methodology, is New Historicism. Each problem identified plaguing the institutions, from the selected texts, constitutes data for the study. The findings show that the moral decadence in the larger society is reflecting on Nigerian institutions of higher Learning, because the institutions are microcosm of the macro-society. The schools are not maintained; they are littered with substandard structures and academic programmes are marred by erratic policies, paucity of fund, riots, strike action and the purloining of fund appropriated for their development. To address these problems, the study suggests declaration of state of emergency on the Nigerian educational sector and reforms to salvage it from the sharp practices corroding standard in the system.

The objective of this study was to evaluate the influence of variable dental implant thread shapes upon the failure mode and fracture behavior. Sixty custom made grade 4 titanium dental implants screws were manufactured according to the type of thread form and classified into; V-Form (Group 1), Square Form (Group 2), Buttress Form (Group 3) and Reverse But-tress Shape (Group 4); with Standard lab analysis set up following ISO14801 Protocol. The implants were mounted in an acrylic block and subjected to a 30° off-axis compression loading using Universal Testing Machine (UTM). The mode of failure was analyzed using a Stereomicroscope. The fractured surfaces of failed specimens were examined using Scanning Electron Microscope (SEM). The results showed that there was no statistically significant difference between the groups in terms of the failure mode distribution (p>0.05). Four different failure types were observed: Breaking the fixture and screw, breaking the abutment and screw, breakage of the screw or deformation of the hole implant system part. SEM fractography examination indicated a ductile fracture mechanism through plastic deformation of the implants fixture and abutment screws. Additionally, four distinct failure modes were identified: fixture and screw fracture, abutment and screw fracture, screw fracture, and hole implant component deformations. SEM fractography analysis showed a ductile fracture mode with plastic deformation of the implants fixture and abutment screws. The results of this study suggest that different thread forms failure mode was almost identical in all thread design.

Background: Diabetes Mellitus (DM) presents significant public health issues, contributing to early mortality and complications. It encompasses Type 1, Type 2, gestational, and other specific forms, with Type 2 (T2DM) being associated with an increased risk of dental caries (DC). DC is an infection caused by bacteria such as Streptococcus mutans and lactobacilli, which feed on carbohydrates and produce acids that erode tooth minerals, leading to cavities. The level of glycated haemoglobin (HbA1c) reflects long-term glycemic control, with higher levels correlating with elevated risks of developing DC. Aim of the Work: The current study aimed to evaluate the prevalence of DC among Libyan patients with T2DM, including both those with controlled disease and those with uncontrolled disease. Material and Methods: This study was conducted on 440 Libyan patients with T2DM, collecting data on disease duration and complications from medical records. Dependent binary variables (DC) and independent variables such as age, gender, and glycemic control were analyzed using IBM SPSS version 21. Result: In a study of 440 Libyan individuals with T2DM, 56.8% presented with (DC), primarily affecting the 40-59 age group (46.2%). DC prevalence was higher among females (53.6%) than among males (46.4%). Among diabetic patients (DPs) with DC, 24.4% were classified as controlled, while 75.6% were uncontrolled. Conclusion: The findings indicate a higher prevalence of DC in Libyan DPs, particularly in those with uncontrolled T2DM, and this is more common in middle-aged populations and females.

Collision tumors are defined as ≥2 histologically distinct tumors existing in the same anatomic location. Generally, collision tumors are rare, and if they occur in the sellar region, common combinations are pituitary adenoma with Rathke cleft cyst (most common), however the association of pituitary tumors with hypopthalamic tumors remains extremely rare. We report in an observation the case of a pituitary adenoma diagnosed after 5 years of a surgical cure of a craniopharyngioma. Although described in a few observations through the medical literature, it is an extremely rare condition illustrating the possibility of having 2 different neoplasias, within the hypothalamic-pituitary region. The chronology of the appearance of the 2 histological entities (or more than 2) is decisive first on a semantic level, this then allowing to better classify into one of collision, composite, or in coexistence forms. The management of these tumors of the pituitary region involves effective surgery but also a good endocrine evaluation in order to treat pituitary hormone deficiencies, sometimes with a vital prognosis (replacement with corticosteroids and thyroxin), or functional (GH, sexual steroids and gonadotrophins). The prognosis of these tumors that occurred in a collision mode remains less good compared to solitary tumors of the hypothalamic and hypopjhyseal region.

The goal of this project is to modernize BP's OPSD2 Downstream Logistics ETL Solution by moving away from Mainframe DB2 database systems and using Oracle-based DBs and incorporating multiple source data sources through Informatica Mappings using an Agile Governance framework for ETL solutions. This study uses InformaticaPowerCenter's Repository-Integration service architecture to analyze the performance characteristics of InformaticaPowerCenter and find that Read Operations can scale efficiently under high levels of concurrency while Write Operations experience rapid degradations in performance due to the use of exclusive locks on certain tables. Therefore, there is a risk of failure if high-volume deployments are attempted using a Write Operation approach. Performance analysis performed using multiple tools have identified that the write latency is the primary cause of the performance constraint. To alleviate this issue, it is recommended that cache tuning, repository clustering and asynchronous bulk logging be used to meet the operational demands of fuel distribution. Looking forward, OPSD2 intends to evolve into BP's Real-time Net-Zero Analytics Platform by leveraging cloud-native solutions based on Informatica IDMC and Advanced Streaming capabilities.

Background: Cervical cancer remains a significant health burden globally, and early diagnosis of precancerous lesions is paramount in prevention. Colposcopy-directed biopsy has been considered the gold standard to evaluate abnormal cervical cytology, but the correlation of colposcopic impression with histopathological examination has to be revalidated regularly in order to optimize screening programs. This study will correlate colposcopic findings and scoring indices with biopsy results to identify features that predict high-grade cervical lesions. Methods: 90 women with suspicious cervical findings or abnormal cytology were included in this cross-sectional study, who had received colposcopy and colposcopy-guided biopsy at a tertiary care hospital from July, 2023 to June, 2024. Colposcopic images were captured by routine procedure after acetic acid and Lugol's iodine staining. Reid Colposcopic Index and Swede Score were calculated for each case. Biopsy samples were obtained from the area of abnormality and were histopathologically graded as negative/inflammatory, LSIL (CIN 1), or HSIL (CIN 2-3). Data were analyzed in SPSS, including correlation coefficients, and logistic regression analysis was carried out. Results: Out of 90 patients, 38 (42.2%) had HSIL and 34 (37.8%) had LSIL, and 18 (20.0%) had negative/inflammatory findings on histopathology. Colposcopy was 81.6% sensitive and 76.9% specific for HSIL detection (AUC=0.85). There were high correlations between the Reid Index and histopathology (r=0.68) and the Swede Score and histopathology (r=0.72). Swede Score ≥8 (AOR=17.3, 95% CI 3.1-95.8), lesion involving ≥2 quadrants (AOR=7.39, 95% CI 2.07-26.3), and atypical vessels (AOR=8.25, 95% CI 1.33-51.2) were independent predictors of HSIL. Conclusion: Colposcopy has exceptional diagnostic accuracy in the detection of high-grade cervical precancerous lesions, and standardized scoring systems significantly improve predictive performance. These findings support colposcopy-directed biopsy as a safe technique for diagnosis in screening programs for cervical cancer.

Data centers serve as specialized operations centers that provide organizations with the ability to manage and analyze massive quantities of data that are necessary to support their operations. Data centers have been developed to support the increased demand for IT services, which is largely due to security concerns related to the transfer of large volumes of data over the Internet and the increased use of remote devices for business purposes. Data centers have been built with the concept of centralizing IT infrastructure as a means to improve security, control and increase productivity, and provide scalable resources to meet the needs of organizations. However, increasing the capacity of a data center presents a number of potential problems for organizations including incorrect installation of hardware and improper wiring of the data center. In response to the unique challenges that organizations face in successfully completing data center expansions, Microsoft provides a tool called Bootstrap Lite (BSL) that is designed to provide assurance that the configuration of hardware and racks meet established design specifications thus, improving both reliability and efficiency, while reducing error rates and increasing the time required to build out a data center. Various considerations are required when planning for data center expansions including the following considerations: Scale of the data center, power and cooling needs of the data center, security requirements of the data center, network connectivity to the data center, environmental sustainability of the data center operations, regulatory compliance of the data center, disaster recovery options associated with the data center, redundancy of the data center, and extensive hardware testing of the data center. In addition, BSL supports organizations in maintaining high levels of performance and reliability for their data centers, providing assurance that data centers will remain secure and adaptable to the changing needs of the organization in the digital economy.