Students are the future pillars of society and play a crucial role in the development and progress of a nation. The quality of a nation's human resources largely depends on the education and guidance provided to its younger generation. In this context, teachers serve as key agents in shaping students' intellectual, emotional, social, and moral development. Among the various characteristics of effective teaching, a positive attitude and constructive mindset of teachers are particularly important in fostering student growth and success. A positive teacher not only imparts knowledge but also inspires, motivates, and guides students toward achieving their full potential. Positive teachers create supportive, inclusive, and engaging learning environments where students feel valued, respected, and encouraged to participate actively in the learning process. Through empathy, patience, and effective communication, they help learners overcome academic and personal challenges while developing confidence and self-esteem. Such teachers promote curiosity, creativity, critical thinking, and a lifelong love for learning. Their encouragement and recognition of students’ achievements, regardless of their size, contribute significantly to enhancing motivation and academic performance. Furthermore, positive teaching practices play an essential role in the holistic development of students. Modern education extends beyond the acquisition of academic knowledge and aims to nurture individuals who are innovative, responsible, ethical, and socially conscious. Positive teachers foster these qualities by serving as role models and by cultivating values such as cooperation, respect, discipline, and accountability within the classroom. Their influence contributes to the development of productive citizens who are capable of making meaningful contributions to society and national advancement. In an era characterized by rapid social, technological, and educational changes, the role of positive teachers has become increasingly significant. Their ability to establish healthy teacher-student relationships and create motivating learning experiences directly influences student engagement, well-being, and overall development. Therefore, positive teachers are indispensable in transforming students into competent human capital and in supporting the broader goals of educational excellence, social progress, and sustainable national development.

Yoga is one of the oldest and most comprehensive systems of health promotion and self-development originating from Indian civilization. Rooted in ancient philosophical traditions, Yoga aims to establish harmony among the body, mind, and spirit through the integrated practice of asanas (postures), pranayama (breathing techniques), meditation, and ethical disciplines. The present review examines the historical development, philosophical foundations, classifications, health benefits, and therapeutic applications of Yoga in contemporary society. The review traces the origins of Yoga from the Indus Valley Civilization and ancient Indian scriptures to its systematic formulation by Maharishi Patanjali through the Yoga Sutra and its subsequent global dissemination by eminent Yoga masters such as Swami Vivekananda. Various classifications of Yoga, including Raja Yoga, Hatha Yoga, Karma Yoga, Bhakti Yoga, Jnana Yoga, and Kriya Yoga, are discussed with reference to their distinct objectives and practices. The review further highlights the role of regular Yoga practice in enhancing physical fitness, muscular strength, flexibility, immune function, cardiovascular efficiency, respiratory health, digestive function, cognitive performance, and psychological well-being. Special emphasis is placed on the contribution of Yoga to the prevention and management of lifestyle-related disorders and selected health conditions, including constipation, acidity, asthma, diabetes mellitus, insomnia, menstrual disorders, and haemorrhoids. Evidence suggests that Yoga serves as an effective complementary approach for improving physiological functioning, reducing stress, promoting emotional stability, and enhancing overall quality of life. Although Yoga should not replace conventional medical treatment, its integration into healthcare, education, sports training, and community wellness programs offers significant potential for promoting holistic health. The review concludes that Yoga remains a scientifically relevant and universally applicable practice capable of contributing substantially to preventive healthcare, disease management, and comprehensive human development in modern society.

Women’s mental health is significantly impacted by psychological stressors such as stress, anxiety, depression, anger, self-silencing behaviour and fear of sexual assault. These negative emotions not only cause discomfort in life but also limit the freedom of expression and interaction. Self-defence is now considered a means of enhancing one’s mental capability and empowerment. The current study focuses on the effects of self-defence training in lowering negative psychological states related to women’s overall well-being. Seven quantitative studies meeting the inclusion criteria were systematically analysed to assess the effects of self-defence training on women. These studies were sourced from electronic databases, including ResearchGate, PubMed, Google Scholar, Scopus, and ScienceDirect, using keywords such as “self-defence training,” “mental health,” “women,” “psychological states,” “empowerment,” etc. The main psychological factors considered during this study include fear, stress, anxiety, depression, anger, and self-silencing behaviour. Findings indicate that self-defence training is effective in reducing fear, stress, anxiety, depression, anger, and self-silencing behaviour. Moreover, self-defence training also increases a person’s feeling of control and safety. Therefore, this review highlights the benefits of self-defence training in reducing negative psychological states, emphasising its value as a holistic approach to mental health and women’s empowerment in the 21st century. Further research may focus on the long-term impact of martial arts on mental health and improve techniques to ensure maximum psychological benefits.

We investigate the nonequilibrium relaxation dynamics of the one-dimensional (1D) Fermi-Hubbard model subjected to abrupt, global interaction quenches. Specifically, we benchmark the convergence properties, structural accuracy, and algorithmic breakdown of the Magnus expansion against numerically exact results obtained via full Exact Diagonalization (ED) on small, periodic lattice clusters. By tracking the real-time evolution of local observables, double occupancy (doublon density), and many-body state fidelity metrics, we map out the validity bounds of the low-order Magnus series across weak, moderate, and strong interaction regimes. Our findings demonstrate that while the Magnus expansion provides an exceptionally accurate description of short-time coherent dynamics, rapid phase matching, and initial prethermalization tendencies, its convergence is fundamentally bottlenecked at longer timescales. This breakdown is driven by the rapid growth of multi-particle entanglement, non-local operator spreading via nested commutators, and the emergence of severe state-space fragmentation inherent to dense, strongly interacting many-body spectra.

Marriage is an important institution among women folks and marriage bring joy, peace, stability, focus and sense of belonging in womanhood. When delay occur it brings psychological trauma to women. Delayed marriage among women generally refers to women marrying at a later age than what is traditionally expected in each society and this varies by culture. Across many parts of the world, the average age of first marriage has been rising. This shift is linked to social, economic, and cultural changes rather than a single cause. Delayed marriage among women of reproductive age is influenced by several factors including social, economic, cultural, psychological, spiritual and personal factors. This study aimed to Assess the Determinants of Delayed Marriage Among Women of Reproductive Age in South-South Nigeria. This was a cross-sectional study involving 250 women. Participants’ age is between 18 to 47 years. A well-structured questionnaire was administered to participants. The study lasted for a period of 2 months. Statistical analysis was done using SPSS version 25.0 and p < 0.05 was significant. The results revealed that majority (36%) of the participants were between 29-34 years old, 76% had tertiary education, 40% are unemployed, 60% residence in Urban areas, 60% are not in a relationship. Several factors were responsible for the delay in marriage including: financial instability 80%, 80% is delayed due to economic responsibilities, 80% is due to career development, 76% due to cultural influence, 68% is due to psychological influence, 80% influenced by family expectations, 80% due to social pressure, 76% due to personal factor, 68% due to desire for independence, and 68% is due to previous relationship experiences. This delay in marriage is due to social, economic, financial, personal, psychological, cultural, career development, and desire for independence.

Precision oncology increasingly depends on integrating heterogeneous evidence across molecular profiling, medical imaging, and clinical records, yet robust deployment is limited by data fragmentation across hospitals, missing modalities, batch effects, privacy constraints, and weak mechanistic interpretability. We propose a causal and explainable federated multimodal learning framework for cancer prediction and target discovery that fuses multi-omics, radiology or digital pathology imaging, longitudinal EHR features, and CRISPR dependency signals. The system trains across sites without centralizing raw data using federated optimization with secure aggregation and optional differential privacy, and is designed to remain reliable under non-IID site heterogeneity and structured missingness. To move beyond correlational risk scoring, we introduce a causal layer that encodes structural assumptions for treatment response and survival, supports counterfactual prediction, and applies invariant learning style regularization to improve transportability. For clinical safety, the framework outputs calibrated uncertainty and multi-level explanations, including modality contribution reporting, feature attributions over genes, imaging regions, and EHR variables, and causal what-if narratives for treatment changes and gene perturbations. We define a fully public experimental protocol using TCGA and CPTAC for multi-omics and outcomes, TCIA for imaging domain shift evaluation, and DepMap for CRISPR based dependency mapping and pathway level target rationale. This work provides an end-to-end, reproducible blueprint for privacy-preserving, mechanism-aware cancer AI, enabling benchmark driven validation prior to prospective multi-hospital deployment.

Background: Two classes of drugs, SGLT2i and GLP-1 RA, have revolutionized the management of type 2 diabetes mellitus (T2DM) from glycemic control to overall cardiorenal risk reduction. Though there was strong evidence from randomized controlled trials, there are still some aspects of their effectiveness in the real world that are not understood completely, such as their efficacy with combination therapy and outcomes in advanced chronic kidney disease (CKD). Methods: This systematic review followed PRISMA 2020 guidelines. A detailed literature review was carried out on PubMed/MEDLINE, Web of Science and Scopus for the articles published over a past 5 years. Studies were included if they involved adult patients with T2DM treated with SGLT2i, GLP-1 RA or both, and if they measured major adverse cardiovascular events (MACE) or renal events. Eleven observational studies (mainly retrospective cohort, with more than 700,000 patients) fulfilled the inclusion criteria. The ROBINS-I tool was used to assess the risk of bias. Results: Combination therapy with the two drugs showed additive cardiorenal benefit: A reduction in risk of MACE by 30% compared to GLP-1 RA (HR 0.70; 95% CI: 0.49–0.99) and by 29% compared to SGLT2i (HR 0.71; 95% CI: 0.52–0.98). Adding GLP-1 RA to SGLT2i was associated with a 27% lower risk of major adverse kidney events (HR 0.73; 95% CI: 0.69–0.77) and a 39% lower risk of end-stage kidney disease (HR 0.61; 95% CI: 0.47–0.78). SGLT2i was more renal protective in advanced CKD (stage 4–5), but both classes of drugs retained cardiovascular benefits. Significant increased mortality (HR up to 1.97) and cardiovascular events were seen with treatment discontinuation ≥180 days. Conclusion: SGLT2i and GLP-1 RA are consistently linked to better MACE and renal outcomes in T2DM patients and combination therapy provides additional protection. The results were very strongly in favor of the current guideline recommendations for these agents in high cardiorenal-risk patients. Studies aimed to assess combination therapy versus monotherapy in dedicated randomized controlled trials, especially in non-diabetic and advanced CKD populations are warranted.

Gender-Responsive Budgeting (GRB) represents a substantive reconfiguration of public finance, contesting the long-held assumption of fiscal neutrality and foregrounding equity as a core principle of budgetary governance. This paper optimizes GRB as a paradigm shift that combines gender analysis into the formulation, allocation, execution, and evaluation of public budget, thereby modifying policies into instruments of social justice. It argues that conventional frameworks, aggregate efficiency, and metrics of growth, often creates obstacles in fulfilling gender-differentiated needs and perpetuate structural inequalities that inculcate deviations within labour markets, care economies, and access to public services. Anchored within the normative framework of the Sustainable Development Goals (SDGs), particularly SDG 5 (Gender Equality), SDG 10 (Reduced Inequalities), SDG 8 (Decent Work and Economic Growth), and SDG 16 (Peace, Justice, and Strong Institutions), the study repositions GRB as a pin-point mechanism for translating global promises into actionable fiscal strategies. By drawing insights from public finance theories, the paper gave an edge to how gender-responsive fiscal intervention targeted social expenditure, gender-sensitive taxation, and investments to create impactful spillover effects, i.e., beyond equity to enhance productivity, human capital formation, long-term economic resilience, and social justice. The analysis further underlines GRB’s role in advancing distributive justice for unpaid and underpaid care workers and correcting allocative inefficiencies in disadvantageous women and marginalized groups. By rooting fairness and transparency into budgetary pipeline, GRB arms democratic governance and rebuilds fiscal discipline and coordination between efficiency and equity rather than a trade-off between the two. In a sense, GRB challenges the growth-centric orthodoxy of public finance and advances a welfare-oriented approach. The paper methodically and indispensably restructures public finance as a mutative tool that harmonizes welfare, justice, and growth. In the context of prevailing gender disparities and evolving challenges, GRB emerges not merely as a corrective policy add-on, but a foundational framework for sustainability in economic governance.

The present paper endeavours to assess the fiscal performance of a major States, Uttar Pradesh and a minor state, Uttarakhand separated by Uttar Pradesh in November 2000. The paper highlights that while Uttar Pradesh’s large economy and revenue generation capacity give it an advantage, its high debt burden, reduced social sector spending, and growing central dependence pose fiscal risks. Uttarakhand, despite its smaller size and limited industrial base, exhibits better fiscal discipline, prioritizes human development sectors like education and health, and shows positive signs of debt management. However, its over-reliance on central grants limits its financial independence. The study suggests that both states need to balance infrastructure spending with sustainable social sector investment to ensure long-term fiscal health and economic stability.

The study of time management has gained prominence due to its significant correlation with productivity, academic and professional achievement, psychological well-being, and self-regulation. Multidimensional productivity solutions that incorporate cognitive, behavioral, motivating, and environmental factors have gradually replaced traditional scheduling and prioritization strategies. The field of time management is still conceptually fragmented, with many strategies having a lot of overlap and no comparative synthesis across categories, even though time management techniques are quickly becoming popular in academic literature, professional training, and digital productivity platforms. This review provides a comprehensive narrative synthesis of applications for managing one's own time in a structured functional classification framework. There are many different types of strategies, but some of the most common ones include systems for managing tasks, systems for prioritizing tasks, systems for reducing distractions, systems for managing energy and wellbeing, systems for collaborative time management, and systems for focusing on concentration and deep work. The functional purpose, cognitive and behavioral mechanisms, practical applications, strengths, and limitations of each category were the primary areas of focus in the comparative analysis. Despite differences in terminology and implementation, the review shows that time management systems frequently display similar mechanisms such as attentional control, self-regulation, executive functioning, behavioral automation, and environmental structuring. Because effectiveness depends on contextual needs, cognitive load, personality attributes, and individual goals, the results show that no one method is inherently better. This review provides a structured framework that helps people choose and apply time management strategies based on evidence. It does this by integrating classification, mechanism-based interpretation, and comparative analysis to address conceptual fragmentation in the literature.

Delivery is a process that every pregnant woman must pass through or undergo and this delivery could be spontaneous vaginal delivery (SVD) or cesarean section (CS). This delivery could occur at the health facilities (hospital) or at the home of traditional birth attendants (TBA). Delivery in the health facilities is important because it prepares the expectant mothers before the arrival of the baby through antenatal care. In the rural areas, majority of pregnant (expectant) mothers are willing to access facilities and delivery. However, these women could not deliver in the health facilities due to several factors that prevented them from accessing the facility and these factors include culture, distance, finance, and lack of awareness. This study aimed to Assess Factors preventing women in rural areas from delivering in health facilities in South-South, Nigeria. This was a cross-sectional study involving 250 women. Participants’ age is between 15 to 40 years and above. A well-structured questionnaire was administered to participants. The study lasted for a period of 2 months. Statistical analysis was done using SPSS version 25.0 and p < 0.05 was significant. The study revealed that 56% of the participants were married, 56% had secondary level of education, 56% were housewife, 80% do not have access to transportation, 80% frowned at the attitude of the health workmembers0% agreed that lack of skilled health workers affects women’s choice of delivery in the heath facility and factors are cultural, financial, lack of health facilities, and influence of family member. In rural areas several interconnected factors are known to prevent pregnant women from carrying out delivery in the health facility.

Addressing the inherent tension between the usability and instructional effectiveness of intelligent multimodal technologies in basic education music classrooms, this review focuses on core music learning activities in compulsory education and adopts a theoretical analysis approach. It constructs a systematic analytical framework consisting of “technological attributes, classroom scenarios, pedagogical pitfalls, and improvement pathways.” The review argues that the value of intelligent technologies in music education does not lie in intensifying technology use, but in establishing structural alignment between technological support and authentic music tasks such as listening, performing, creating, and assessment. To address five prominent pedagogical pitfalls — goal displacement, resource overload, teacher capacity mismatch, suspension of learner agency, and insufficient assessment evidence — this review proposes five corresponding improvement pathways: a competence-based approach, scenario alignment, teacher guidance, activity reconstruction, and evidence construction. The theoretical contribution of this review is to integrate core competencies in music, classroom task design, teachers’ professional judgment, and learning evidence construction into a unified analytical logic, thereby providing a conceptual reference for the digital transformation of music classrooms and for subsequent empirical research.

Background: Ear infections rank among the most common health presentations in children attending clinics in Iraq and their microbiology continues to evolve. Staphylococcus epidermidis has transitioned from being disregarded as an innocuous commensal organism to a creeping opportunist drug-resistant pathogen, primarily due to its prolific biofilm-forming ability enabling the establishment of chronic and recurrent otitis media that are significantly more resistant to eradication. Objectives: The aim of this study was to identify the prevalence of S. epidermidis, evaluate biofilm genes carriage (icaA/icaD) and their associated factors among children with otitis media in Al-Diwaniyah. Methods: A total of 120 afresh suffering children age between 5-10 years with clinically diagnosed otitis media were enrolled in hospitals through the period between January and May 2024 in Al Diwaniyah City. Swab from the ear were cultured on blood agar and mannitol salt agar. Identification of isolates was performed by standard methods and confirmed with API Staph. Tubes were tested by PCR for icaA and icaD, and disk diffusion was performed to determine antibiotic susceptibility according to CLSI 2024. Results: Staphylococcus epidermidis was isolated from 76 out of the 120 children (63.3%). The predominant risk factor was poor nail hygiene; children with dirty nails had a much higher culture positivity (82.1% vs. 45.5%; OR = 5.42, 95% CI: 2.38–12.35, p <0·001). Bilateral ear involvement was also positively associated (p = 0.012). Conclusion: Staphylococcus epidermidis is an important pathogen in the pediatric otitis media in Al Diwaniyah and must be more than a contaminant. The close link with the bad hygiene of nails gives a very inexpensive and educable form of prevention for the ones who care for it. In addition, our antimicrobial data show that empirical penicillin therapy would otherwise be futile. Thus, it will be recommended that either ciprofloxacin or gentamicin is preferred concerning to the empirical therapy while waiting for definitive culture products.

Global textile supply chains include multiple production stages across different regions, which creates challenges for coordination and monitoring. Limited traceability across these stages results in gaps in visibility and makes verification of material origins and production practices difficult. This study examines traceability systems in multi-tier apparel supply chains, with emphasis on digital documentation frameworks that record supplier transactions, material flows, and production activities. A qualitative analytical approach is used to review documentation practices and traceability mechanisms within international textile production networks. The analysis covers supply chain mapping, documentation structures, and system integration across production tiers. Results indicate that structured traceability records improve visibility, support compliance monitoring, and reduce fragmentation of information among supply chain participants. These systems allow organizations to track production processes with greater consistency and detect irregularities in material sourcing and supplier activities. The study also presents a traceability framework that integrates supplier databases, production records, and digital tracking technologies within a unified system. This framework supports consistent documentation and improves coordination across global apparel supply chains, contributing to transparent and accountable production practices.

This study adopts an ecolinguistic framework to compare conceptual metaphors in Sino-US environmental news discourses. It explores the distributional features, ecological orientations and underlying cultural and institutional causes of cross-border metaphor differences. The results reveal distinct cognitive tendencies between the two countries’ environmental narratives, providing practical implications for ecological discourse construction and cross-national environmental communication.