Microbes playing important role in progression of infectious diseases. Bacterial attack on the nervous and respiratory cells undergoes metabolic pool. Different types of fungi also causing the infections once the attack on the human body. These pathogenic fungi are Blastomyces dermatitidis and Histoplasma capsulatum sense an increase in temperature. Gut microbiome also playing important roles in the brain function and behavior by causing the several neurological disorders. These symptoms can be seen in epilepsy and in response to seizure interventions. Different amino acids have been used as a source of bacterial nutrition for example, tryptophan as one of the essential amino acid playing important role in catalyzing the different reactions in body. Riboswitches are the regulatory sequences that can bind to the active target molecules in order to regulate the gene expression of most of gens causing the abnormal response. Chloramphenicol is the drug that is used to control the infections caused by bacteria as it the broad spectrum antibiotic and can target broad range of bacterial strains.

Head and neck rhabdomyosarcoma (HNRMS) is exceedingly rare and poorly documented; it is a rare malignant soft tissue neoplasm comprised of cells derived from the primitive mesenchyme. About 35% of RMS arises in the head and neck, are classified as parameningeal and non-parameningeal forms. These are the most common soft tissue sarcoma of the children, adolescents and young adults. Their etiopathogenesis and its molecular relevance have been emphasized. The first line of treatment is radical excision and this is usually supplemented by radiotherapy. It is believed that adjunct combination chemotherapy may greatly improve the prognosis. Inadequately treated tumours grow in an infiltrative manner and recur in a high percentage of cases. Bone does not constitute an effective barrier to the growth of the tumour and bone invasion is a frequent finding in head and neck rhabdomyosarcomas.

Olfactory neuroblastoma is a rare sinonasal malignant tumor, characterised by clinical polymorphism and local agressivity. In spite of the surgery and the radiotherapy, the forecast remains reserved in the long term.

Aspergillosis of the nasal and paranasal sinuses is recognized as being second to candidiasis, among opportunistic fungal infections in immunocompromised patients. However, invasive variant in normal and mildly immunocompromised hosts is a very rare occurrence. We report a new observation of nasal sinus aspergillosis in its pseudotumoral form.

Tuberculosis (TB) is an infectious diseases caused by an intracellular pathogen called Mycobacterium tuberculi. It is a disease prevalent worldwide for its vulnerability, magnitude and morbidity factors. With the advancement in the field of medical science, it is still a serious global public health problem and it is in the top 10 causes of mortality particularly in the underdeveloped countries. Besides the other deadly diseases, TB remains on the horizon of public health, mainly due to its persistence and high rates in communities living in poverty and on the margins of social exclusions. While assessing the challenges due to covid -19 pandemic, simultaneously management of tuberculosis and current strategies adopted to mitigate them.

Animal diseases can easily be transmitted into human by some causative agents and it has great economic losses in the universe. Fowl Cholera is a chronic disease caused by Pasteurella Multocida which basically effects the joints, wattles, infraohits, sinuses and other tissues. Fowl Cholera disease is transmitted by discharges from the carrier birds, cannibalism of the dead birds or infected droppings, as well as by dirty feedstuff, equipment, clothing, water. Infectious Bronchitis disease is widely spread disease and it causes serious deaths in flock and it covers half of flock in minimum duration of time. Capri poxvirus is a viral disease and it has three different mode of infection which effects on ruminants such as sheep pox, the goat pox and the lumpy skin disease. Capropoxvirus has several modes of transmission in living organism through mating, aquatic life animals and from animal to animal which causes necrotic lesion or death of tissues in chronic cases of virus. Sheep pox and goat pox are diseases of small ruminants with contagious viral infections. This viral disease has harmful impacts on sheep and goats in endemic areas. Lumpy skin disease (is actually skin problems created viral disease which mostly shows infection in cattle and water buffalo. Rift Valley fever (RVF) is a viral zoonosis which effects animal at initial stage and then have capability to transmit in humans.

Osler-Weber-Rendu syndrome (OWRD) is a rare vascular dysplasia of genetic origin and of autosomal dominant transmission, the pathophysiology of which involves the vascular endothelial growth factor (VEGF), a major growth factor of angiogenesis. Bevacizumab is an anti-VEGF monoclonal antibody that has demonstrated its interest in this indication. Two patients, with a personal and familial history of haemorrhagic syndrome, who had an OWRD detected in recurrent epistaxis, cutaneous-mucosal telangiectasia, and complicated visceral arteriovenous malformations with an iron deficiency anemia. Due to the persistence of the symptomatology despite a transfusion support, the treatment with bevacizumab was started and allowed a favorable outcome. Bevacizumab appears to be very well tolerated and represents a therapeutic advance in OWRD.

The human eye is an organ that can provide physicians with valuable clues for the recognition and management of many systemic diseases, including many disorders of the endocrine system. Ocular manifestations are common in many endocrine disorders such as diabetes mellitus and Graves' disease. However, there are a significant number of lesser-known endocrine diseases in which ocular changes are common. Endocrine glands communicate with each other through hormones. Hormones include cortisol, thyroid hormones, insulin, testosterone, estrogen and many others. They are made and stored in the endocrine glands and released by these glands to exert their effects on nearby or distant target organs. The main glands of the endocrine system are the hypothalamus, pituitary gland, adrenal glands, gonads (testes and ovaries), thyroid gland, parathyroid glands, and pancreas. Endocrine glands control the physiology of the human body and maintain its homeostasis. The effects of hyper or hyposecretion of each endocrine gland separately, usually manifest themselves in a multi-organ fashion. Some disorders of the endocrine system manifest in the eye first through a variety of distinct pathophysiological factors. It is an interdisciplinary pathology, falling under both endocrinology and ophthalmology, and knowing these ophthalmic manifestations is the most important step for the early detection, prevention, diagnosis, treatment and monitoring of these manifestations, which can thus significantly reduce the morbidity related to these disorders including permanent visual dysfunction.

Mesalazine is a widely used and generally safe drug for the treatment of chronic inflammatory bowel diseases. Neutropenia/ Agranulocytosis rarely complicates this treatment and very few cases have been reported in the literature. Agranulocytosis is characterized by a decrease in peripheral neutrophil count to less 500 /mm3. Most reported cases presented more than three months after the initiation of treatment, and whilst many patients recovered, fatalities were reported. Cessation of mesalazine alone may not be adequate therapy and aggressive management with bone marrow evaluation, high dose of granulocyte colony-stimulating factor, or immunosuppressive therapy may be indicated. We report here the case of a patient with ulcerative colitis who developed an asymptomatic agranulocytosis during treatment with mesalazine and having spontaneously regressed after stopping treatment.