It is commonly acknowledged that Government worldwide resettled people and communities (particularly those along river channels) from one geographical area to another on the basis of real, perceived and lingering threat, danger, catastrophe or epidemic. The contention of this paper is that despite the fact that most resettlement schemes are meant for the benefit of the community at large, the manner under which the resettlement scheme was conceived, planned and implemented failed to take into consideration the views/inputs of members of the community. The resultant effect leads to loss of livelihood, tension, violence and conflict in the affected communities and overall failure of the intended benefit of the scheme. This paper examines resettlement scheme at Gidan Salihu, Goronyo Local Government Area of Sokoto state focusing on the viability of the scheme and livelihood deprivation and challenges it places on the victims and the community. Data for this study was obtained via administration of questionnaire to those affected by the resettlement scheme selected via purposive and systematic sampling techniques as well as Focus Group Discussion with community leaders. Purposive sampling technique was adopted in the choice of the respondents and systematic sampling technique was used to select respondents to be administered with questionnaire at the interval of every 6th respondents. A total of 216 respondents were selected via systematic sampling technique. Key findings of the study reveals that majority of those affected by the resettlement scheme lost their farm lands, source of pasture and water for their livestock and compelling them to resides in an unfamiliar housing settings reflecting more of an urban setting than rural. Majority of the victims refused to relocate to the new environment stressing that it is better to continue to live under threat of hazard than to live in an area which will render them economically and socially vulnerable to poverty and hopelessness. The study concludes by recommending involvement of community members in decisions and policies affecting the livelihood of displaced communities.

The purpose of this study was to examine effect of internet banking on financial performance of commercial banks in Kenya. Internet banking under technology acceptance model extended from theory of reasoned action entails the inclusion of technology or information system within the operations of a bank. Internet banking is about creating complementary distribution channels in form of information technology. The study used descriptive survey research design. Both quantitative and qualitative data were collected to meet the objective. The proposed study area was Kisumu City targeting all the 34 commercial banks. A total of 11 banks were picked through a simple random sampling strategy. In addition, 5 employees were picked from each commercial bank through a simple random sampling strategy, while 11 branch managers purposively sampled from the selected banks. Therefore, the total number of participants forming a representative sample was 66 comprising of 55 employees and 11 branch managers of which there was a response rate of 92.7 for employees and 100% for branch managers. A combination of primary and secondary sources of data was used to obtain data. The primary sources included self-administered questionnaires and interviews. Document analysis was used to collect secondary data. Quantitative data was analyzed using descriptive statistics(frequency and percentages). Statistical analysis was done with the aid of Statistical Package for Social Sciences version 22.0. All the results of the quantitative analysis were presented in tables, charts, and graphs while the results of qualitative analysis presented in form of themes. From the quantitative analysis, the study established a positive effect of internet banking on financial performance of commercial banks. The qualitative findings also established that there is a positive effect of internet banking on financial performance of commercial banks. Based on the findings, the study recommends that commercial banks enhance their internet banking.

The aim of this study is to reveal the relationship between sportspersonship orientations and positive thinking levels of the athletes in the team branch. In this study, Multidimensional Sportspersonship Orientation Scale and Positive Thinking Skills Scale were used as data collection tools. Portable IBM SPSS Statistics v20 software package was also used to analyze the data. For analyses of the data, descriptive statistics and Pearson correlation coefficient analysis were applied in the analysis of the data. As a result, it was determined that there is a positive relationship between athletes’ positive thinking scores and adherence to social norms, respect for rules and officials and respect for opponent.

During the 1970’s the world’s economy began slowing even as government programs were growing as a result of fiscal distress, and Zero-Based Budgeting (ZBB) was seen as an attempt to rationally manage the size and scope of government as well as a remedy for dealing with the austerity. The aim of this study, therefore, is to ascertain whether the perceived benefits of Zero-Based budgeting would significantly influence its adoption in Borno state. Stratified sampling technique was used to arrive at a sample size of 103 drawn from the total population of 139. Binary logistic regression was employed to predict whether the predictor variable namely, perceived benefits have significant influence or not on the dependent variable, that is, the adoption of ZBB. The finding of the study establish that it is possible to adopt ZBB in Borno state because it is politically feasible as the covariate suggest, perceived benefits was statistically significantly related to the adoption of ZBB in the state. We, therefore, recommend for the adoption of ZBB in the state So as to embark upon administrative reforms to incorporate policies and prioritize their public spending projects based on the fundamental principles of zero-based budgeting system in order to accomplish it perceived benefits.

This article relates precarious work, a symbol and axis of social relations in contemporary capitalism, to one of its most negative aspects relating to the generation of social barbarism that mainly affects working classes around the world.

The diversity in reformed governmental financial information systems created a need for harmonized international accounting standards, resulting in the elaboration of the International Public Sector Accounting Standards. International accounting literature provides evidence that accounting quality has economic consequences such as costs of capita, similarly Financial reporting by public sector entities providing concepts that will underpin the development of international public sector accounting standards and recommended practice guidelines. Likewise, Gross National Product is the market value of all the products and services produced in a year by Labor and property supplied by the citizens of a country, unlike gross domestic product which defines production based on the geographical location of production. In Nigeria inadequate economic growth is the main cause of poverty, economy has a very narrow and weak base, depending most on exploration of petroleum crude oil as a major source of income. The findings indicated that the development of the private sector depends largely on the activities in the public sector in developing countries as Nigeria. It is concluded that there is a great number of poverty which was among due to high and growing unemployment that exacerbated the level of poverty. It is recommended that private sectors should not depend on the activities in the public sector; they should improve their own activities by training and retraining, organize workshop and agricultural sector which was ignored to be revived into life.

The object of this research at PT. Bank Mandiri (Persero) unit Jakarta Bintaro Jaya 1 is a branch under the coordination of Regional V Jakarta 3 area of beautiful cottage Jakarta, consisting of 12 units of micro office with Case Study on Micro Credit Loan. This bank has a commitment to provide ease of lending as an additional business capital for Micro Entrepreneur (UM) or UMKM. More than 80 percent of business units in Indonesia are UM / UMKM. During the period of 5 years (2010-2014) the provision of credit / UMKM decreased. In addition, the number of non-performing loans (NPLs) from the UM / UMKM sector has increased significantly. The relationship quality management (CRM) index has declined over the last five years, so there needs to be an effort to improve relationship quality (CRM) and service quality. This will be able to improve the image of banking. The purpose of this research is to develop brand image with CRM and service quality. Unit of analysis of micro business credit debtors, population 558 and samples of 100 customers with slovin techniques. Analysis method with quantitative analysis. Analysis technique with Path analysis, followed by determination analysis (RSquare), Testing of partial hypothesis (t test) and simultaneous (F test) with alpha 5 percent. Before the analysis with the first path analysis in the test questionnaire research with validity and reliability test as well as classical assumptions. SPSS version 22.0 analysis tool. The research result is that Customer Relationship Management and Service Quality have an effect on Brand Image either partially, simultaneously, directly and indirectly.

The aim of study is to find out the way credit cards are being used by young people, based on a series of recommendations suggested by Mexico´s National Commission for the Protection and Defense of Financial Services Users (CONDUSEF for its acronym in Spanish). Also, the paper aims to know if this population has the necessary information to use their credits in a responsible way, because the data from the research by Solano et al. (2015), which identifies the “Determinants of credit card use in Mexico”, lead us to question the role of financial education or lack of it among young Mexicans. Thereby, real tests are carried out to corroborate the afore-mentioned, by means of a survey applied to the young people from Veracruz-Boca del Río metropolitan area.

The purpose of this study was to develop a Pastoral approach for the Synoptic Problem, a simplified approach of studying the Synoptic Gospels with Church members. This study was done in Musoma town Tanzania to help Seventhday Adventist (SDA) members harmonize between their belief on trustworthiness of the word of God and the differences and similarities which emerge in the story of Gadarene demoniac in the Synoptic Gospel. The research design employed qualitative approach. The researcher used contextual Bible Study theory to re-read the Gadarene demoniac story whereby interviews and focus group discussions followed thereafter. 368 church members were divided to 46 Focus Groups Discussions with 8 members per each group, four Pastors were put in one session of Focus Group Discussion and four church leaders were interviewed separately in their offices. The researcher did a Biblical exegesis for the linkage of SDA church belief and Biblical context. Research finding revealed that, SDA church in Musoma believes that writers who had different education, background and personality were inspired with thoughts were led to compose their canonical gospels focusing on the need of their audiences. The writing process made them focus on specific issues which in turn affected their style, form, rhythm, occurrences, inclusion and vocabulary of each presenter and finally differences and similarities came upon their canonical gospels. Further study of the pastoral approach for the Synoptic Problem in the scope of other denominations and relationship between inspiration and the free use of intellectual knowledge of Biblical authors are recommended.

Despite the wealth of evidence for unfavourable effects of salt consumption on blood pressure dietary adherence remains unachievable. Behaviour modification by considering the perceived barriers has emerged as a promising control measure. This is a cross sectional study carried out in primary health centre of Chidambaram to assess the level of perceived barriers to salt restriction among known hypertensive patients in an urban population and to find out the various factors influencing the level of barriers. The study assessed known hypertensive patients for their prior behaviours and perceived barriers in following salt restriction along with dietary sodium estimation and clinical details. The barriers perceived by the participants were assessed and categorized as less, moderate and severe using Fredmann test. It was analyzed for association with factors of prior behaviour, duration of disease and treatment regularity using ANOVA. The study revealed no association between socio-demographic factors and perceived barriers yet duration of disease and treatment regularity had positive association with perceived barriers which was statistically significant (p<0.05). Also prior behaviours were statistically associated with perceived barriers (p<0.05). This study highlights the importance of knowledge of perceived barriers to encourage behavioural change for adapting salt restriction as a healthy practice

This paper attempts to establish information seeking behaviour of the employees of the East African Integration. The Department of East African Community coordinates the activities of East African Community in Kenya. Wilson (1999) defines information seeking as, "those activities a person may engage in when identifying their own needs for information, searching for such information in any way, and using or transferring that information". This study was a qualitative research in nature. The participants were drawn from 200 employees of the State department of EAC integration. The researcher employed interview method for data collection. The researcher used purposive sampling and interview schedules were prepared to gather information from participants. Data was analysed thematically. The results were that employees of the State department of East Africa integration sought information to assist them carry out their mandate concerning integration matters and they sought information by accessing the internet among others. It was concluded that information sought by employees of State department of East African Integration was information related to EAC integration process since a small proportion mainly from administrative directorate indicated that they seek information to better them in other disciplines of interest. It was recommended that due to lack of enough literacy skills on the part of the staff, librarians at State department of East African Integration should mount an effective IL programme in order to enable employees to easily access information whenever they sought for it. It was also recommended that ICT officers, librarians and record officers should put in place effective information retrieval tools that could assist the employees as they sought for information that could enable them carry out their mandates.

Musculoskeletal pain is very common complaint in the workplace and about billions of dollars yearly are spending on work related musculoskeletal pain. Elbow pain is one of the common complaints in allied health providers today. Rare researches have been studied on musculoskeletal pain among allied health providers in Pakistan, but not specifically on elbow pain. The objective of study is to determine lifetime prevalence of work related elbow pain among allied health providers of Lahore. Cross-sectional study was conducted among allied health providers by using convenient sampling technique. Nordic Musculoskeletal Questionnaire (NMQ) of pain was used to assess the prevalence rate of work related elbow pain among allied health providers. The data was collected through a survey study of 105 participants from different healthcare setups in Lahore and was analyzed through statistical package for the social sciences (SPSS) version 21.There were total 105 participants who include 37 (35.2%) physiotherapist, 38 (36.2%) nurses and, 30 (28.6%) technologists. The prevalence of work related elbow pain among allied health providers was reported in 9 (8.6%) participants. Elbow pain was reported in physiotherapists 13.5%, nurses 2.6% and technologists 10%.Physiotherapists and technologists have much prevalence of elbow pain than nurses because of nature of their job in poor and uncomfortable posture

The study was conducted to evaluate loan recovery performance among group-based micro credit institutions in Delta State, Nigeria using a well-structured questionnaire and oral interview. Respondent groups were selected using stratified random sampling technique. Primary data collected were analyzed using descriptive statistics such as frequency distribution, table, percentage, mean and trend analysis using bar graph and histogram. Inferential statistics such as multiple regression analysis technique was also used. The result revealed that a total of 163,100 group members have been reached with total savings mobilized at N2,560,126,690 and total loan disbursed at N33,851,127,825. The mean loan repayment rate was 91.29%. The trend analysis indicated a steady rise in the amount of savings mobilized and credit extended to groups. The result of the regression analysis indicated that five of the estimated determinants fund size, membership size, duration of group existence, supervision and proportion of credit repaid were positive and statistically significant while interest charge was negative and significant. The major constraints in loan administration by financial institutions include government laws and regulations, lack of infrastructural facilities, diversion of loans, delay in loan repayment, and lack of funds among others. It is therefore recommended that group-based finance institutions should strategies on rural savings mobilization and utilization on the rural economy for sustainable financial inclusion.

Food borne diseases are the major health problems in developing countries like India. The problem is more noticeable due to prevailing poor food handling and sanitation practices. Street food vending has been increasing for several years but this growth presents public health challenge with evidence of diarrheal diseases. Emerging needs for understanding the food hygiene knowledge of street food vendors to ensure hygienic preparation of street foods is essential. The purpose of this study is to assess the level of knowledge on food hygiene among street food vendors in urban Chidambaram. The study conducted using a descriptive cross-sectional survey. A total of 50 street food vendors were selected using purposive sampling technique. Data were collected by conducting face to face interview using a semistructured questionnaire. The questionnaire was peer-reviewed and pilot tested before the final version. The questionnaire were structured into three distinctive parts to collect information on demographic characteristics, personal hygiene and knowledge on food safety .Among the study participants majority were of the age group 20 to 29 yrs ie 25[50%] majority of the participants were males 35[70%] and 33[66%] were married. With regards to cooking process 44[88%] of participants had moderate knowledge with mean score of 59.66±12.63. Knowledge about diseases was also adequate among 46[92%] participants with mean score of 97.33±9.13. .The study shows the overall knowledge level on food hygiene among street food vendors were adequate with 82.63±6.40. The factors like age, gender, education, type of shop or years of experience had no significant association with the knowledge levels of the participants. To conclude, Food vendors should be adequately educated on the role of food in disease transmission as well as on rules of personal hygiene and approved practices in handling street food

This research investigated the surface and ground water quality in the Sokoto-Rima floodplain and determined the human health implications of consuming it. Five sample points were selected systematically, and at each sample point, three samples were taken each from ground (tube well), and surface (river) water. The surface water was taken from the river Rima at hundred meters interval, and the sampling was repeated after 20days. Thus a total of 30 samples (1st batch-15 and 2nd batch-15) were collected. Data obtained from laboratory were tested for correlation (Pearson correlation) and the difference (paired t-test) between surface and ground water. Results showed that positive correlation exist in pH, Biochemical Oxygen Demand (BOD), Total Dissolve Solid (TDS), Total Suspended Solid (TSS), Nitrate (NO3-), Sulphate (SO42-), while negative correlation in Dissolved Oxygen (DO), Chloride (Cl-), Phosphate (PO43-) and Potassium (K+). Result also showed that the mean difference of pH, BOD, PO43- and K+ are significant at p<0.01 (2-tailed) and Cl- is significant at p< 0.05 (2-tailed). TDS, Cl, PO4, NO3, SO4 and K are within the WHO and NESREA standards, while, DO, BOD and TSS (in NESREA) are above the standards. The Most Probable Number (MPN) method was used to find the number of coliforms, and Isolate method was used to identify the name of the coliforms found in each sample area. Result showed that in surface water Citrobacter freundii was found in all the study area except in Boye and Escherichia coli were only found in Boye. While, in groundwater Escherichia coli was found in two sample areas. The study therefore, concludes that the quality of the surface and ground water in the area is a determinant of the soil characteristics and has a positive relationship with the health characteristics of the surrounding communities. The research also concludes that surface and groundwater in the study area are not safe for human consumption unless proper water treatment and sanitation is done.