Recruitment all over the world observes interviews in various formats prior to engaging the respective person in the desired job. This necessarily paves a way to understand the person on what is able do is and what cannot do. Nevertheless, appointing authorities the world over, except a few have ignored the essence of interviews during the appointment of political appointees such as ministers, provincial commissioners, regional commissioners, district commissioners, permanent secretaries, chief executive officers of various government corporations, and local authorities. Hence, the expectations of performance of these appointees is actually at gambling. This paper sets an agenda on the importance of interviews to the political appointees prior to affirmation to the vacancies desired. The study is a review, and thus it utilizes systemic thinking, documentation, observation and experiential in expounding and narrating the concepts on discussion. The analysis of conceptual discussion assumes descriptive methods. The paper concludes that so far it is imperative for the political appointees to undergo interviews prior affirmation to the various jobs.

Lack of patient’s awareness on the importance of adherence to drug regimen is implicated as one among the several factors affecting patient safety. The impact of non-compliance increases substantially in compromised conditions such as end stage renal diseases (ESRD). It is necessary to explore all possible steps to improve patient compliance. Thus, the current study was carried out to investigate the impact of counseling on provisions of quality of life (QOL) in patients with ESRD on hemodialysis.The data in the present research was obtained from the questionnaire-based study from 150 patients at four different hospitals with inclusion criteria of suffering from kidney failure, receiving dialysis and residents of Riyadh.Our study shows that the vast majority (88%) of the patient under hemodialysis in ESRD are receiving counseling from health care professionals. Most of the patients express their satisfaction for the services provided by health care team (88.7%) and also satisfied with their QOL (78.7%). Patient’s satisfactions were reflected by their daily activities, adherence to medications and enhanced awareness about negative impact of over the counter (OTC) medications. The outcome of the study is very encouraging as most of the patients express their satisfaction on the available counseling services and its impact on their QOL. However, there is a need for disseminating the counseling strategies among all patients in order to attain a widespread enhanced quality of life in patients with ESRD of Riyadh. This study cannot be generalized for the entire Kingdom of Saudi Arabia unless similar prevalence of counseling exists in other part of the Kingdom as seen in Riyadh

Surgical patients constitute a potential source of retroviral infection to health care workers and other hospital in-patients. Though several studies have investigated different aspect of knowledge of HIV/AIDS, among different target groups of people. The current study investigates the knowledge and prevention methods of HIV/AIDS among patients attending surgical outpatient clinics in a teaching hospital in Sub-Saharan Africa. A 50 item questionnaire was used to obtain relevant data from the patients. A total of 332 patients were included, with mean age of 40.15 (± 15.51) years. Most of the patients 329 (99.1%) were aware of HIV/AIDS, however less than half (43.1%) of the patients have comprehensive knowledge about HIV/AIDS. Majority (96.7%) of the patients considered sexual intercourse as the major route of transmission. A large proportion of the patients would not want to engage in any form of contact with HIV/AIDS patients. About 96% of the patients believed that HIV/AIDS is a preventable disease through various methods such as avoidance of needle sharing (79.5%), avoidance of transfusion of unscreened blood (77.4%) among other various methods. Only 64 (19.3%) patients agreed to HIV/AIDS voluntary test and counseling. The main reason for not wanting to be tested among the patients who disagreed is fear of knowing their retroviral status, while 40 (62.5%) out of 64 patients who agreed to voluntary test and counseling will not like to declare their status if positive on account of social stigmatization and community neglect. We thus suggest the need for further enlightenment of the patients in our various clinics most especially in areas of misconception about HIV/AIDS transmission, benefit of voluntary test and declaration of one’s status

In this study, concentration of cross carmelose sodium (CCS), microcrystalline cellulose (MCC) and maltose have optimized in self-micro emulsified tablet (SMET) of cinnarizine (CNZN), a piperazine derivative antihistaminic drug. The self-micro emulsified liquids (SELS) of CNZN were prepared with Linoleic acid, PEG 400 and Tween 80. The SMET of SELS were prepared by adsorption followed by compression phenomenon using CCS (A), maltose (B) and MCC (C) which were optimized through 23 factorial design considering responses like disintegration time (DT), time for 50 % (t50) and time for 80% (t80) of drug release. Droplet size and turbidity of disintegrated SMET emulsion sample was within 2.58 ± 7.48 to 4.84 ± 5.83 µm and 16.47 ± 6.35 to 27.10 ± 6.12 nephlometric turbidity units (NTU) respectively. The factors A and B were directly and C was inversely related with responses. Response surface methodology was used to predict the levels of the factors A, B and C required for obtaining an optimum formulation with minimum dissolution time. Observed responses were in close agreement with the predicted values of the optimized formulation, thereby demonstrating the feasibility of the optimization procedure in developing self-micro-emulsified tablet dosage forms.

Abstract: The protein deacetylase sirtuin 1 (SIRT1) is an established regulator of diverse physiological processes and one of several promising targets for pharmacologic modulation of ageing and longevity. In normal human keratinocytes, SIRT1 has been shown to inhibit proliferation and promote differentiation. MicroRNAs (miRNAs), small non-coding RNA molecules that negatively regulate gene expression, have been shown to control SIRT1 expression in several cell types. Using western blotting, we show that miR-9 represses SIRT1 expression in HaCaT human keratinocytes. The attenuation of SIRT1levels in response to ectopic miR-9 occurred in a dose-dependent manner. As miR-9 expression is known to be under epigenetic control, the effect of the histone deacetylase (HDAC) inhibitor trichostatin A (TSA) was examined. Levels of mature miR-9 increased 8-fold following TSA treatment of HaCaT keratinocytes. Expression of the primary transcripts from which miR-9 is derived was also raised in HaCaT keratinocytes exposed to TSA, with a 7-fold elevation of pri-miR-9-1 and 4-fold increase of pri-miR-3.In contrast the DNA methyl transferase inhibitor 5-deoxy-azacytidine (DAC) had little effect on miR-9 or primary miR-9 expression. Together, our findings point to a role for chromatin remodelling in regulating miR-9 levels in human keratinocytes and in turn modulation of SIRT1 expression by miR-9.

Abstract: Diabetes mellitus (DM) describes a metabolic disorder of multiple etiologies. It is characterized by chronic hyperglycemia associated with disturbances of carbohydrate, fat and protein metabolism, which result from defects in insulin secretion, insulin action. The objective of this study is to assess some of the biochemical parameters related to diabetic patients. This is a descriptive, analytic, cross-sectional, and hospital based study. The scope of this study is to assess the plasma trace elements, glycated haemoglobin among Sudanese patients with types 2 diabetes mellitus in comparison with healthy Sudanese volunteers. This study took place during the period between September 2013 to June 2016 in Khartoum state, where is the capital. Its, population is about five million inhabitants. Blood parameters were measured using spectrophotometric methods. The (mean ±SD) of glucose, HbA1, zinc and copper in healthy subjects respectively were (93.5±10.5, 4.8±0.8, 103.7±82.5,103.8±66.5). And the (mean ±SD) of glucose, HbA1, zinc and copper in patients respectively were (196.6±75.7, 7.9±2.1, 132.0±89.6, 107.0±68.6). There was significantly increased of zinc and HbA1 and also increased in means of copper in patients compared to control groups.

The Black Bengal does of Indian sub-continent generally show a noted seasonal variation during in reproductive activity. India has a good quality of Black Bengal goat populations, which has significant role in the lives of the local goat rearers. The objective of the present study is to realize the influence of seasonal variation on the serum progesterone of Black Bengal does (Capra aegagrus hircus) in two different agro-climatic regions in India. The highest assessment of temperature (42.6 ± 1.5 ºC) has been reported during the month of April or May in the season of pre monsoon in Purulia. However, the lowest assessment of temperature (8.6 ± 0.9 ºC) has been reported during the month of December or January in the season of post monsoon again in Purulia. Progesterone hormone has been analyzed in the serum samples collected once a week. It has been observed that, from January to April for both of the regions of Purulia and Nadia and the month May has the lowest serum progesterone level in Purulia (0.32 ± 0.06 ng/ml) and the serum progesterone hormone concentration stayed approximately the same from January to March in Purulia as similar to Nadia. However, the serum progesterone reached to its peak level in November in both the region Purulia (4.52 ± 0.28ng/ml) and Nadia (5.55 ± 0.18 ng/ml) respectively. It can also be presume that the early months of the post monsoon season may be taken as an alternate breeding seasons for the Black Bengal breeds.

The objective of the study was to evaluate the bacteria extruded apically during root canal preparation using hand and two rotary instrumentation techniques. The method include eighty freshly extracted mandibular premolars were mounted in bacteria collection apparatus. Root canals were contaminated with the pure culture of Enterococcus faecalis (ATCC 29212) and dried at 37 0c for 24 hour. Then teeth were equally divided into three experimental groups and one control group of 20 each. In group I teeth were instrumented with the hand stainless steel k files in group 2 instrumentation with rotary protaper universal in group 3-instrumentation with rotary protaper next and in group 4-No instrumentation is carried out.Then bacteria extruded were collected ,incubated in brain heart infusion broth for 24 hour at 37 0c and the colony forming units were counted.The result showed that all hand and rotary instrumentation technique extruded debris.Among all the instrumentation technique hand file extruded more number of debris and protaper next least number of bacteria.

Marfan syndrome is an autosomal dominant systemic disorder of the connective tissue. Children affected by this syndrome carry a mutation in one of the two copies of the gene encodingthe protein fibrillin-1. It affects most organs and tissues, especially the skeleton, lungs, eyes, heart, and the large blood vessel that distributes blood from the heart to the rest of the body. A case report of Marfan syndrome has been reported which was diagnosed in the dental set-up.

Severe resorption phenomenon with edentulous maxilla may lead to several problems during fabrication of a maxillary complete denture. This often results in a heavy-weighted denture disturbing its retention and stability. This article explains a modified approach for controlling the thickness while hollowing maxillary denture. This hollowing method helps in reducing the weight of maxillary prosthesis, thereby enhancing the comfort, retention and stability.

This study was designed to find out the pattern of blood pressure distribution among members of staff in Adekunle Ajasin University Akungba Akoko (AAUA), Ondo State, Nigeria. A cross sectional descriptive survey research design was adopted for the study and 500 respondents sampled using population proportional to size was used. Two instruments were used for data collection. A digital sphygmomanometer and a self constructed questionnaire designed and built around the research questions. It was validated by three experts in Health Education and it has a reliability coefficient of 0.85. Data was analyzed with SPSS version 20 using simple percentages, bar graph, mean of scores and hypotheses were tested with t-test at 0.05 level of significance. Findings revealed that: 5.8% of the study population have their blood pressure above 140/90mmhg; age has significant influence on pattern of blood pressure distribution; sex; religion; nature of work; family type and length of service have no significant influence on the pattern of blood pressure distribution among members of staff in AAUA. It was recommended that stress should be reduced in the work place to avoid raised blood pressure; the working environment should be made healthy so as to enhance the growth and sustenance of positive emotion and members of staff should be encouraged to visit the university health centre on routine basis for checkups

Abstract: The state of mind and mental health makes a huge difference to our overall well-being. Mobile phone usage is alarmingly increasing especially in the younger generation. The younger generation especially is glued to their cell phones and is supposedly a form of addiction according to some studies. There is an integration of machine- man and a growing concern about health as individuals are exposed to electromagnetic field (EMF) emitted by cell-phones. The radio-frequency radiation emitted by cell-phones as placed near to ear has effect on functional changes in the brain and affects cognition and mental well-being. The real concern is about the effect of these radiations on mental health and cognition of students.

To establish a method for determination of contents of schizandrol A，deoxyschisandrin and schisandrin B in Schisandra chinensis ( Turcz. )Baill.. An RP-HPLC method was developed. A Kromasil C18 column (250 mm×4.6 mm, 5 μm) was used, with the mobile phase of acetonitrile-water by gradient elution, the flow rate was 1.0 mL·min-1and the UV absorbance was monitored at 218 nm. The linear range of schizandrol A,deoxyschisandrin,schisandrin B were 19.92~398.4 μg·mL-1, 6.24~124.8 μg·mL-1, 12.5~ 250 μg·mL-1, the mean recovery were 99.5%, 98.6%, 98.5%;. The method is suitable for the quality control of Schisandra chinensis ( Turcz. )Baill

Abstract: The roles of the human resource department are cross cutting and hence affect every sphere of an organization. In order for the department to develop, maintain, ensure compliance and contribute to the development of corporate HR policies; it has to be supported. This should be on areas of developing, refining and fine-tuning effective methods in selection of employees and ensuring that the organization has the right people with the desired level of competencies on board. It also has to be embraced and supported by the top management. This should be done at both strategic as well as at operational levels in both corporate and human resource planning where in conjunction with line managers action plans can be developed to help meet present and future needs of an organization.

Bladder outlet obstruction is a recognized urological condition especially in aging males who may have prostate enlargements from benign or malignant lesions or when infra-vesical obstruction is due to urethral stricture in relatively younger subjects. Ultrasound scan is an integral tool in confirming suspected pathologies and also revealing incidental findings which could be life-threatening in some and of no effect in others. We retrospectively studied 156 patients who presented for follow up in the urology clinic with abdomino-pelvic ultrasound scan results. The mean age of the patients was 65.10(35-91) years. They were all males. Urinary bladder abnormalities consisted of increased bladder wall thickness (BWT) in 90(87.4%) patients, post void residual volume (PVRV) was abnormal in 31 (68.9%) patients and bladder stone was seen in 6 (3.8%) patients. The prostate gland was also evaluated with abnormal findings as follows: Prostate volume in 143(92.3%) patients, prostate outline was irregular in 50(32.1%) patients, the later finding showed a statistically significant association with the diagnosis of prostate cancer. Seminal vesicles were dilated bilaterally in 10(62.5%) out of 156 patients. The upper tract abnormalities were also noted and discussed. Abdomino¬-pelvic ultrasound scan just like trans-rectal ultrasound scan is very useful in assessing patients suspected of bladder outlet obstruction (BOO) with the added advantage of being able to visualize the upper tracts with the same probe. It is quite safe, quick, affordable and without risk of contrast allergy and radiation exposure