The present study was carried out to evaluate the preliminary phytochemical screening and in vitro antidiabetic activity of Plumeria acuminata leaves. The leaves of Plumeria acuminata was extracted with different solvents and phytochemical investigations were done for all extracts using standard procedures. In vitro anti-diabetic activity of ethyl acetate extract of Plumeria acuminata (MEPA) was evaluated using α-amylase inhibition assay. The percentage inhibition increased in a dose dependent manner. In this study we investigated the better in vitro anti-diabetic potential of the Plumeria acuminata

Stress is a major problem eventually faced by the students during their studies period. There is an imbalance between environmental conditions and ability of individuals to adapt. When it is concerned with medical students, it has been recognized as the major factor responsible for the negative effect on physical and psychological health. To evaluate stress and perception of physical problem with obesity in medical students. The present descriptive cross-sectional study was conducted in Kathmandu Medical College Teaching Hospital, Duwakot from May 2015 to July 2015. This study encompassed 435 medical students- including both sexes aged 17-27 years. A predesigned and structured questionnaire was used as data collection tool and height and weight were measured and Body Mass Index (BMI) was calculated. In this present study 38.4% (167) were female and 61.6% (268) were male participants. The level of stress was significantly higher in female students when it was compared with male students and various stress associated precipitation factor were also present which was statistically significant as p=<0.05. In this study there was no significant association found between level of stress and perception of physical problem with obesity. Incidence of stress was significantly higher in medical students contributing a leading role in physical and psychological problems. Due to stress students are under the negative effect to perform various activities. The effect of stress and its associated precipitating factor influencing medical student needs to be minimized. The students must practice proper eating behaviors and encourage physical activity to prevent obesity. So, an essential step has to be taken as a first line of detection and defense for better health and wellbeing.

Medical devices can be categorized into two categories which is invasive and non-invasive method. Invasive method needs medical device to be inserted into patient body regarding to check or do the treatment on the patients. However, the non-invasive method is a way to check the health condition from the outside of the body. A common non-invasive medical device is Heart rate monitor. The function of the Heart rate monitor is determining heart rate (i.e.) beats per minute. The main aim of this work is to develop a portable device which helps to record heart rate of a person. The heart rate also referred as pulse rate, has been recognized as a vital parameter since beginning of medicine, and is directly related to person’s cardiovascular health. Heart rate or pulse recording is the most important vital parameter which helps the individual as well as doctor to spot out developing health problems. Using Heart Rate Monitor (HRM) is a more accurate way to monitor heart rate than manually taking your pulse at carotid of radial pulse. A HRM detects the electronic signal of heart and automatically computes the heart rate in BPM. Infrared light emitting diode (LED) is used to transmit the light and phototransistor works as a receiver. The Infrared (IR) sensors used uses the principle reflectance plethysmography (PPG) to sense the pulse signal from finger tip. The sensor output is read from the Arduino board, computes the BPM and display the instantaneous heart rate on LCD display module. Based on the above principle, a portable heart rate device using Arduino microcontroller is developed.

Abstract: Tonsillitis is one of the most widely conditions that recurrently affect children in all ages during the childhood. The overall management of tonsillitis is complicated in regard to causes, specific diagnosis and appropriate treatment measures. Therefore, the aim of this review was to highlight the tonsillitis in children with particular stress on the diagnostic and treatment measure that are currently used to deal with pediatric tonsillitis. In conclusion, Bacteria is still the most causative agent with widely used antigen tests for confirmation. Tonsillectomy is still one of the most frequently performed surgical interventions in children.

Cultural artefacts refer to indigenous know-how, resources or potentials which are part of our cultural and artistic depositories used to satisfy our basic needs and wants. They protect cultural/artistic values and generate financial gains, which are all paramount for local development. Cultural artefacts therefore play an important role in local development. Nevertheless, the role, value and potentials of cultural artefacts in local development has yet been assessed, and is severely underrepresented in global development debates compared to, for instance, climate change or international terrorism. This study aims to critically assess the roles, values and potentials of cultural artefacts to local development in the city of Maroua, Far North Region of Cameroon and proposes recommendations towards achieving sustainable local development from indigenous know-how. Specifically, I conceive cultural artefacts as dual apparatus, on the one hand, positively contributing to local development, but on the other being adversely affected by a litany of problems in the very same process. To critically assess this process, data from case study, the published literature, field observations and interviews conducted among relevant actors (government ministries represented by regional delegations in the Far North Region, NGOs, CIGs, local council members, traditional authorities, quarter heads, and craftsmen and their intermediaries) as well as descriptive analyses of collected data were employed. The findings reveal that cultural artefacts in Maroua positively contribute to local development via providing a source of tourist attraction and ensuring cultural interchange between visitors and locals, employment creation and revenue generation, preservation and valorization of cultural diversity, creation of mediums of exchange/markets and emergence of cultural exhibition and animation centres. Conversely, they are being adversely affected in the very same process by the absence of handicraft school to train professional craftsmen, poor marketing/publicity system, ever increasing scarcity of raw materials, lack of access to credit facilities, absence of technical supervision and investment, problem of insecurity by Boko Haram terrorists, lack of basic facilities and amenities, and mistrust and misunderstanding amongst the craftsmen and their intermediaries. The aim of this study was to pave the way for novel approaches towards achieving sustainable local development from cultural artefacts in the current context of globalisation.

Abstract: Hairy cell leukaemia (HCL) is a rare lymphoproliferative disorder. Common mode of presentation is the sequelae of bone marrow failure and its complications. Here we report a patient with an extremely rare presentation of recurrent mono arthritis with pancytopenia which preceded months before the diagnosis of HCL, which was confirmed on a subsequent bone marrow examination. Inflammatory and degenerative aetiologies for monoarthritis were excluded. His joint related symptoms subsided on specific treatment for HCL.

This paper, in a two-pronged interrogation first contends that the interpretive enterprise has, overtime, drawn, and still draws from disparate insights by seminal thinkers, from Aristotle through Matthew Arnold to the emergence of the „subversive‟ Modern Literary and Critical theories, which are paradoxically „sub- versions‟ of those coalescence of in sights from those of the classical seminal thinkers to the present. Predicating its second contention on the first above, this paper argues that the process of accessing meanings in a literary text presupposes the resolution of a number of issues, issues that border on Attridge‟s (1988) „shifting web of socially produced relations, judgments, and distinctions which eventually opens it to change and cultural variation‟, as well as those issues that transcend the literary to the political, the economic, the psychological, the social, and the philosophical. Consequently, the paper concludes that the interpretation of African literary text may be open to all nature of critics and critical paradigms, but what remains indubitable is the fact that no single critical standard can sufficiently engage the nuances of an African literary text as to present to the readers all its possible vistas, more so, given the composite construct or elements of an African literary text, and the fact that most of those theories were not particularly cognizant of the peculiarities of Africa‟s pre-colonial history , and literary heritage. Further, this paper suggests the employment of diverse critical parameters from across the disparate critical standards in any reading of an African text.

The purpose of this study examines the impact of transformational leadership, personality, job involvement to organizational citizenship behavior (OCB) structural officials directorate general of teachers and education personnel of the ministry of education and culture. The research used quantitative method with survey approach. Research sample of 123 structural officials of echelon 4 are taken at random. Collecting data using questionnaires and data analyzed using path analysis. The results showed: transformational leadership had a direct positive and significant effect on OCB; personality had a direct positive and significant on OCB; And job involvement has a direct positive and significant effect on OCB; Transformational leadership has a direct positive and significant impact on job involvement; Personality has a direct positive and significant effect on job involvement; Transformational leadership has a direct positive and significant effect on the personality. Thus, in order to increase OCB to structural officials in the directorate general of teachers and education personnel environment, transformational leadership, personality, and job involvement need to be improved.

Ministry of energy and petroleum in Kenya has a vital role in supporting the Kenya government‟s development agenda. Despite having records management systems in place, service delivery at the ministry of energy and petroleum has been poor and inefficient. This state has been brought about by inadequate records management systems. Badly managed records adversely affect development agenda. Development projects are often difficult to implement and sustain effectively and efficiently in the absence of well managed records. The aim of the study was to investigate the application of records management best practices to service delivery at the ministry of energy and petroleum, Kenya and to suggest strategies for improvement.

Abstract: Laparoscopic sleeve gastrectomy is a very common operation done on obese patients who hope to reduce their weight and cure metabolic syndrome illnesses such as diabetes mellitus type 2 and dyslipidemia. This technique is being widely used for treatment of diabetes. The effectiveness of laparoscopic sleeve gastrectomy in curing diabetes mellitus was studied on Arab population. We assessed 400 obese patients who underwent laprascopic sleeve gastrectomy from 2011 to 2017 in King Fahd General Hospital in Jeddah, KSA. Out of the 400 patients 93 had diabetes mellitus type 2, which were included in this study. All patients showed an improvement in their body weight, body mass index and fasting blood glucose, however a few patients still showed elevated blood glucose levels after their operations. Based on our results we can conclude that laparascopic sleeve gastrectomy was effective in improving the conditions associated with diabetes mellitus type 2 among local population.

Pakistan, a developing country lies in an earthquake prone region with moderate-to-strong ground motions. Recent earthquakes revealed the seismic vulnerability of existing building stock, leading to monetary loss, casualties and fatalities. Kashmir earthquake (2005) resulted in huge loss of lives and livelihood. However, the country lacks tools for earthquake risk assessment and mitigation. The objective of this research work is to develop seismic vulnerabilities of substandard reinforced concrete frame structures for the determination of risk in terms of monetary loss, casualties and fatalities for the Mansehra district of Pakistan under Kashmir earthquake 2005. CFRP retrofit technique is utilized to improve the seismic vulnerability of existing RC building stock for risk mitigation purposes. A hypothetical four story reinforced concrete frame structure, representative of the construction practices in the study region is designed under gravity load. Vulnerability curve is generated by using capacity spectrum method for unconfined and confined structures. Earthquake risk assessment framework for RC frames is developed for socio and economic analysis. Hazard of the region for a single event of Kashmir earthquake 2005 is determined in ArcGIS environment. Using seismic hazard, and seismic vulnerability of confined and unconfined frames, seismic risk in terms of monetary loss, casualties and fatalities is calculated.

This research aims to investigate the influence of discipline, motivation, and job satisfaction on the organizational commitment in Yayasan Pendidikan Islam Nurul Hikmah. This population in this study there are 63 people who directly into the sample. The method used in this study is a descriptive method of problem solving by describing the object of research at the moment on facts, then analysis using tools Satistical Product and Service Solution (SPSS) version 24.0. The research showed that the variables of discipline, motivation, and job satisfaction positive effect on the organizational commitment in Yayasan Pendidikan Islam Nurul Hikmah. Thus the three variables of discipline, motivation, and job satisfaction simultaneously (together) proved to be a positive effect and significant on the organizational commitment in Yayasan Pendidikan Islam Nurul Hikmah.

Abstract: Effects of tree canopy shades on Below Ground Microbial Load (BGML) were investigated within Federal University Otuoke. A homogenous forest stand was purposefully demarcated into three sample areas of 1 hectare each in order of limited canopy, and total canopy cover. An open field within the same terrain was also demarcated. A 10m×10m sub-samples were demarcated within each sample area and three sample plots were randomly selected from each area for investigation. Twenty trees (10/sample plot) under limited and total canopy cover were randomly picked. Twenty Leaves were randomly collected from each sample tree for leaf area index measurement. Soil samples were collected from 0-30cm under each canopy shade and taken to the laboratory for microbial load analyses. Chi-square test and correlation analyses were used in data analyses. Results showed that closed canopy has the highest microbial load with mean value of 167 x 10-5, followed by Limited canopy (138 x 10-5). Open canopy had the lowest microbial load of 67x105. Chi- square test shows that microbial load was significantly (P<0.05) higher under close canopy than open field. Microbial population was 501 x 10-5 CFU under close canopy, 415 x 10-5 CFU under limited canopy, and 201 x 10-5 CFU in open field. The coefficient of determination (R2) was 0.15 for closed canopy, R2 = 0.21 for limited canopy. There were weak positive correlations between canopy shades and soil microbial load. The practice of clearing woody trees to improve grassland for livestock production is not recommended. More trees on agricultural lands could improve soil health by attracting below ground populations.

Obesity is becoming a major worldwide health problem associated with a number of diseases. Serotonin (5-HT) is a biogenic neurotransmitter with a well-defined network in the central and peripheral nervous system and plays an important role in the regulation of feeding behavior. Studies revealed that high levels of serotonin are associated with reduced energy intake and its level and function is dependent on the availability of its precursor, tryptophan. Several synthetic serotonin agonists are available in the market to reduce body weight but many of these synthetic drugs were found to have certain side effects. Therefore, there is a great need to search for more economical natural serotonin agonists. Ginseng is a traditional Chinese medicinal herb known for many of its beneficial effects. Present work was designed to evaluate the effect of three week’s oral administration of aqueous extract of herbal tea, made from a Chinese herb Ginseng and Malva Verticillata (GMV) on overweight Albino Wistar rats. We found inverse relationship between body weight and serotonin level in whole brain and also found increased levels of tryptophan and serotonin metabolite 5-hydroxyindoleacetic Acid (5-HIAA) in both plasma and whole brain of test animals.

This study investigated the extent to which the implementation of the FSE has contributed to availability of teaching and learning resources in Keiyo District, Kenya. This study was an Ex-post-facto descriptive research that examined the situation as it was on the ground without any manipulation of variables. The target population of the study comprised a total of 37 secondary schools that present candidates for KCSE in Keiyo district. Keiyo District was chosen in this study because it is one of the districts that has high poverty index and therefore likely to benefit more from the FSE policy. The sample consisted of 25 secondary schools drawn through stratified random sampling technique. The instruments for data collection were: self-administered questionnaires, interview schedule and document analysis e.g. inventories, circulars. The data collected was summarized by; the use pie charts, graphs and frequency tables. Analysis was done using Statistical Package for Social Sciences (SPSS). The study established that the FSE policy has contributed to availability of teaching and learning resources, that with the implementation of FSE policy most learning and teaching materials are adequate and used, most materials and resources were effectively used and the head teachers had put appropriate measures to ensure that the use of the resources are maximized. The study recommends that the Ministry of Education should consider increasing the funding immensely as it encourages other stakeholders to complement government efforts in resource mobilization.