Cytological examination of cavity effusions is extremely important as it highlight the cause, presence of metastatic cells, typing of unknown cases, prognosis and staging of cancer. To study and evaluate trends in cytological evaluation of cavity effusions for various pathological conditions in a tertiary health care centre. 2) To correlate their frequency in relation to diagnosis. Our Study was cross-sectional study performed in Department of Pathology, Sri Aurobindo Medical College and Post Graduate Institute from 1st January 2013 to 31st December 2014. Serous cavity effusions included in the study were pleural and peritoneal in origin. All other fluids (pericardial and synovial fluid) were excluded from the study. The history and relevant parameters were noted and correlated clinically. Cytospin and Conventional smear methods were performed on pleural and peritoneal fluids. Both air dried and wet fixed smears in methyl alcohol were used and stained with Papanicolaou (PAP) and May-Grunwald-Giemsa (MGG) stain. Out of 885 cases, 400 (45.19%) were pleural fluid, 485(54.8%) were peritoneal fluid .806 (91%) were of benign effusion and 79 (8.92%) were of malignant effusion. Total transudate cases in our study were 611 (69%) and exudates were 274 (30.9%). Male to female ratio was 1.5:1 with youngest patient 20 years old and eldest was 85years old. In younger age group benign effusions are common and malignant in older age group. Morphology and staining with May-Grunwald-Giemsa (MGG) and Papanicolaou (PAP) helped in better interpretation. Preliminary fluid analysis for cytology in resource limited settings, still remains the most convenient and cost effective method in arriving at the diagnosis, thereby reducing the need for invasive investigations and their related complications. Presence and absence of malignant cells at times can be the only clue to the presence of malignancy thereby affecting the prognosis and treatment outcome of the patient

Xanthogranulomatous gastritis is an extremely rare condition and only few cases have been reported in literature. It is an inflammatory tumor like lesion usually misdiagnosed preoperatively as an advanced gastric cancer. We report one such rare case in a 68 year old female who came with complaint of epigastric pain and vomiting for 15 days. Endoscopy revealed solitary elevated nodule in the gastric lesser curvature. Clinical diagnosis was suspicious of gastric carcinoma. Histopathologically foamy histiocytes with dense chronic inflammatory infiltrate were seen in gastric wall suggestive of xanthogranulomatous gastritis

In this paper, a framework for exploring the relationship between the moderating effects of organizational culture on TQM implementation and organizational performances was proposed and investigated using Alrahila Oil Services Company, Libya, as a case company. The study, which provides a whole new approach to the investigation of the relationship of variables, used qualitative and quantitative survey methods and the PLS program for its evaluation. The study showed a great potential for ensuring the survival and growth of Alrahila Oil Services Company, Libya, as well as other oil serving companies in Libya. The results of the study provided a substantial knowledge and scientific addition to this field as it established the moderating effects of organizational culture on the different TQM critical elements, as well as on the overall company’s performances. Training/educational development and continuous improvement (Hypothesis 3 and 5) as TQM parameters showed insignificant and negative influences on the relationship between different TQM critical elements and the overall company’s performance.

This study aimed to evaluate the effect of an educational program on nursing performance regarding advanced cardiopulmonary resuscitation. A QuasiExperimental Study. The study conducted at the emergency department at Ain Shams University hospital and children hospital affiliated to Ain Shams University hospitals. A convenience sample included all available nurses (100) , at the previously mentioned settings over a 6 months’ period. Pre-designed sheet; it was concerned with their knowledge regarding advanced cardiopulmonary resuscitation.

This study intends to examine the relationship and impact between servant leadership and organizational commitment in the context of bank employees. Moreover, it intends to discover the differences between bank employees who are working in the local and foreign banks in the Northern Region of Malaysia. Questionnaires had been distributed among bankers in local and foreign banks in the states of the Northern States of Malaysia, namely Penang, Perak, and Kedah. Almost 300 questionnaires were distributed. This paper adapted servant leadership instrument from Van Dierendonck and Nuijten. Furthermore, the organizational commitment had been adopted from Meyer and Allen. The study provide a better understanding of the right leadership in fostering employees commitment, improve the leader-follower relationship and allow more leaders to realize the benefits of using servant leadership in increasing their relationship with their subordinates, influencing the subordinates’ positive job behavior as well as increasing their subordinates’ satisfaction and commitment with their job, department, and organization. Furthermore, this study urges the human resource department to conduct proper leadership training to their employees to promote new ideas toward servant leadership to improve the leadership skills among bank employees that may lead to rising up their organizational commitment.

As a remarkable Victorian novelist, Charlotte Bronte wrote four impressive novels including Jane Eyre and The Professor. Jane Eyre proves to be a typical Victorian book, fascinating and enduring, whereas The Professor, the first complete novel that Charlotte Bronte wrote has always been considered as minor and illconceived. Despite the totally different judgments of the two novels, there exists many similarities between Jane Eyre and The Professor. This paper aims at helping readers have a better understanding of The Professor by comparing with Jane Eyre from two aspects: genre and theme, and try to find out the similarities of Jane Eyre and The Professor, thus we can have a further understanding of Charlotte Bronte.

The increasing number of opioid users among chronic pain patients, and opioid abusers among the general population, makes perioperative pain management challenging for health care professionals. Anesthesiologists, surgeons, and nurses should be familiar with some pharmacological phenomena which are typical of opioid users and abusers, such as tolerance, physical dependence, hyperalgesia, and addiction. Further clonidine also reduces intraoperative requirement of opioid analgesics as compared to normal saline group. Total amount of rescue analgesia needed in 24 hour was also significantly less in clonidine group as compared to placebo group. Intraoperatively more fentanyl required in placebo group as compared to clonidine group (p<0.05).

They include Cell surface antigens; Cytoplasmic proteins, Enzymes, Hormones and most of them are proteins. They can be products of cancer cells themselves or of the body in response to cancer or other conditions. A marker represents a qualitative or quantitative alteration or deviation from normal of a molecule, substance, or process that can be detected by some type of assay. An elevated level of a tumor marker can indicate cancer; however there can also be other causes of the elevation. Thus, Tumour markers cannot be construed as primary modalities for the diagnosis of cancer. These tumor markers help in screening, diagnosing the diseased condition, staging of the disease, guiding and monitoring the treatment, to determine the prognosis and to prevent recurrence.

This study empirically examines the impact of economic growth and access to safe drinking water on life expectancy in Nigeria using Autoregressive Distributive Lag (ARDL) model as tool of analysis for the period 1980 - 2014. The result of this study indicates that economic growth and access to safe drinking water exert positive and statistically significant impact on life expectancy at birth. Consequently, upon the findings of this study, a number of recommendations are given which include: the need for the governments to intensify its existing policies in order to maintain inclusive economic growth that would increase employment generation and reduce poverty for better life expectancy. Moreover, there is also need for governments, Nongovernmental organizations, international development partners and philanthropists to intervene in improving access to safe and portable drinking water in both rural and urban areas through construction of boreholes, pipe water, public taps or standpipes, tube wells, protected dug wells, protected springs, and rainwater collection reservoirs.

An overview about the situation of electronic government in Libya is presented in this paper. In addition, to provide number of studies that related to the electronic government adoption in both developed and developing countries. The findings indicted that the adoption of electronic government in developing countries especially still in the first stage and the governments should be pay attention towards the adoption of electronic government services.

Chronic renal failure is increasingly health problem all around the world with a high burden of mortality and cardio vascular morbidity rate. The study is mainly directed to establish lipid profile in chronic renal failure by ascertaining the levels of serum cholesterol, HDL cholesterol, LDL cholesterol, VLDL cholesterol and triglycerides. In view of this extensive work has been done in the field and incessant efforts are being made to widen the horizon of lipid in chronic renal failure. The present study was aimed to find lipid abnormalities in chronic renal failure. There is significant rise in Triglycerides, VLDL, LDL in chronic renal failure. There is decrease in HDL concentration in chronic renal failure as compared to control. Increased concentration of Triglycerides and VLDL are the main causes for increased incidence of cardiovascular abnormalities in chronic renal failure.

Using descriptive research design, this study aimed to evaluate the experiences of Vocational Technological Education (VTE) teachers regarding the adequacy of the tools and equipment they are utilizing in their respective institutions in the areas of Information and Communications Technology (with specialization in computer hardware servicing and technical drafting), Home Economics (with specialization in cookery and dressmaking) and Industrial Arts (with specialization in electrical installation and maintenance and consumer electronics servicing). It also investigated the areas of concern that teachers have encountered as VTE teachers and their proposed measures to meet them. The study found out that adequacy of tools and equipment in teaching VTE in the Department of Education was observed in computer hardware servicing and cookery while inadequacy of materials in technical drafting, dressmaking, electrical installation and maintenance and consumer electronics was noticed. Challenges encountered by VTE teachers on facing the restructured curriculum deals on lack of project materials and completion requirements for students and insufficiency of reading materials and substandard laboratory shop facilities. The recommendations offered by the respondents to meet the challenges include: resourcefulness and creativeness on the part of the teachers in devising instructional materials and textbooks; updating of equipment and tools and strict monitoring and maintaining of facilities to be done by school officials; and additional hands-on training and relevant assessments for teachers and students spearheaded by the supervisor of VTE

Traditional plant treatment for diabetes has produced a rising interest now a day. Therefore, the purpose of this study was to determine the hypoglycemic effect and hypolipidemic properties of the methanolic extract of Hoya parasitica Variegata (Apocynaceae) and ethanolic extract of Crotalaria pallida Aiton (Fabaceae) in alloxan induced diabetic rats. In this study diabetes was induced in rats by intraperitoneal administration of 100 mg/kg of alloxan. Animals were only treated for one week with both the plant extracts at doses of 300 and 600 mg/kg. Metformin (100 mg/kg) was used as standard for comparison. The antidiabetic effect was examined by measuring blood glucose (BG) level at 0, 3, 5 and 7 days after alloxan treatment. Blood samples were collected after 8 days treatment and analyzed for triglyceride (TG), total cholesterol (TC), high density lipoprotein cholesterol (HDL-C) and low density lipoprotein cholesterol (LDL-C) at sacrifice. Both the plants H. parasitica and C. pallida at 300 mg/kg and 600 mg/kg showed significant (p<0.05) hypoglycemic effect compared to control and untreated diabetic control rats. Alloxan induced diabetic rats showed moderate to significant increases in the levels of BG, TG, TC, LDL-C while body weight, HDL-C and relative weights of liver and pancreas were decreased to controls (non diabetic rats). Administration of both the plant extracts to alloxan induced diabetic rats resulted in significant decrease in BG, TG, TC and LDL-C and the dose 600 mg/kg of both plant extracts were the most effective. HDL-C levels for both plants were markedly increased after treatment compare to untreated diabetic rats. Results of the treatment study showed that both H. parasitica and C. pallida extracts causes antidiabetogenic properties and beneficial effects on diabetic hyperlipidemia.

The rupture of the calcaneal tendon is a frequent lesion requiring surgical management. For chronic disruption in particular, restorative surgery is desirable and several methods have been described. We report a retrospective study of eight cases of chronic rupture of the calcaneal tendon treated surgically by myotendinousplasty in V-Y according to Abraham, collected in the Traumatology and Orthopedics II department of the Mohammed V Military Teaching Hospital in Rabat Morocco between 2010 and 2015. The majority of patients were male. The cause of chronic rupture of the calcaneal tendon was a diagnostic error in 25% of the cases, a lack of knowledge of the pathology in 62.5% of the cases and negligence in 12.5% of the cases. The results were evaluated according to the Kitaoka score after an average follow-up of three years. They were very satisfied with a score of 89%. The aim of this study is to highlight the difficulty of making the diagnosis in certain circumstances, which is the cause of chronic rupture and to underline the interest of the surgical treatment, by the myotendinousplasty "V-Y" in this case

This is a retrospective study over a period of 5 years, from January 2011 to December 2015, which concerns 21 cases of laryngeal cancers that have undergone total laryngectomy. The average age of our patients was 60 years old, chronic smoking is incriminated in 71% of cases with an average consumption of 40 packs / year. Ethylism was found in 23% of cases. The time between onset of clinical signs and first consultation was on average 10 months. Dysphonia was the revealing sign in 76% of patients, most often associated with dyspnea. Panendoscopy with biopsy was systematically done to all of our patients, confirming the diagnosis of squamous cell carcinoma (100%), also paraclinical imaging revealed the extension of the tumor. Stage 3 TNM were most often found at the time of the diagnosis. In our studies, all of our 21 patients underwent total laryngectomy supplemented with radiotherapy for the sterilization of the tumor bed and ganglionic areas, except one patient who presented a permeation nodule. Postoperative course was grossly simple. No recurrences were noted. The deaths of two patients were deplored