Semi-structured questionnaire matrix was used to assess the discernment of participants of sandwich education programs on the programs in five of Nigerian universities. Results revealed that the sandwich system was readily accepted. Participants were of diverse socio-economic classes thus suggesting that the program is accessible to all. Employment was the dominant factor that deprived respondents from regular studentship. The mode of operations and quality of lecture delivery in the programs were comparable to those of the regular programs. The same entry requirements, curricula and personnel, assessment methods, disciplinary measures, welfare services and certificates were awarded. Same recognitions were accorded to the degrees awarded. The tuition fees paid by the sandwich students were higher than those of the regular programs, learning was more stressful and hostel accommodations were indecent and costly. Interactions with other students were poor due to gross lack of time. However, the program constitutes an avenue for self improvement as it offers opportunity to combine work with study. It also offers opportunity for provision of fund to finance the study and enhance participant personal traits such as time management skills, goals setting and hard working abilities.

Mucilage can be extracted from various plants and microorganisms. It is said to be a Polar glycoprotein and exo polysaccharide. In this article we compare different isolation techniques of mucilage and compare their characteristics such as their physical nature, solubility, chemical properties, Total Ash percentage, percentage yield etc. Isolation of mucilage techniques vary from one another with accordance to the presence of mucilage in different parts of a plant such as stem, leaves, fruit, seed etc. After detailed study of these different types of mucilage of various families we could identify that all types of mucilage had presence of carbohydrates in it and all gave positive results to Molisch tests and ruthenium red test. The pH range of all these types of mucilage was found to be in the range of 6.2-6.6.All the types of mucilage have a characteristic odor. All the types of mucilage extracted from the selected plants are edible and also can be utilized as a glue. By detailed study of these plants from various families we can conclude that there are similarities among them with regard to their mucilage and the mucilage extracted from each and every plant has a characteristic utility in pharmaceutical area as it can be used as thickening, binding, disintegrating, suspending, emulsifying, stabilizing and gelling agents. They have also been used as matrices for sustained and controlled release of drugs

The research entitled as “The perception of teachers for the creation of conducive environment in classroom at early childhood education” was conducted in the private schools of District “Swabi” (A very well-known education city of Khyber Pakhtunkhwa, Pakistan) with objectives to inquire various concepts of conducive classroom environment at ECE level and observe the perception of teachers about creating a conducive environment in class room at ECE level. Total number of ten (10) private schools, where Early Childhood Education (ECE) undergoes, were selected. From each school five (05) teachers concerned with ECE were interviewed. Thus total fifty (50) number of teachers were sampled. A very simple structured questionnaire was planned with questions about ECE. Each question was optioned as „Strongly Agree‟, „Agree‟, „Disagree‟, Strongly Disagree‟ and „don‟t know‟. From the research work, it is concluded that ECE is the first stage of education. At this level the child should be treated with love and kindness and will be facilitated appropriately to improve child‟s learning abilities and improve a child mentally socially and intellectually. Motivation and conducive environment in the class room could lead to better development and learning process. Play way method, use of A.V aids and group working could better improve the child learning abilities.

India has a strong judicial framework to safeguard people‟s rights, however it is still has a lot of problems of infringement and enforcement of Intellectual Property Rights (IPR). IPR exists in every innovation, but if it gets infringed, can result into infinite business loss for the original creator considering the loss of revenue and human intellect. Hence, it is important for businesses to know and understand the value of IPR, manage them appropriately, protect them adequately to safeguard their investments and efforts and reap the deserved benefits for their own work. Though concern has always been expressed about losses and unfair practices, the recent years have witnessed the lax in protection of IPR. It is advised that by adopting right policies and strategies, IPR can be effectively protected with the help of law enforcement. Be it an individual organization, an industry or even as a nation, IPR as a strategic marketing tool has the potential to create the future where brand, technology, service, people everything can together and become a force for development and market leadership. The scope of IPR is expanding very fast and attempts are being made by original creators to seek protection for their intellectual work. It is also important to understand the enforcement measures available for protecting one‟s business or individual creations. This paper discusses the mode of acquisition, nature of rights, commercial exploitation, enforcement of those rights and protection available against infringement of IPR in India with relevant suggestions for organizations to implement and practice.

Lower literacy of female in Pakistan is because of countless constraints such as, socioeconomic and spiritual issues. Females are anticipated to depart the relations one date by becoming married; consequently teaching girls are believed a commercial defeat by the parents. Therefore, parents are extra probable to teach their sons only. But unfortunately female literacy rate is extremely low in Pakistan. Women contain a bigger portion of Pakistani society. The population of the female is extra than as difference for men. Female educational literacy rate is low. Girls possess to face countless barriers, socioeconomic (Parental Occupation, Sibling size, Relations income) and spiritual factor (Extremist attitude towards female education) for their studies and upcoming career. Power and supplementary powers concern and give attention on women's education. This discovers is basically targeting the factors that are the main barriers to women's education.

A simple, rapid, specific, stability indicating method was developed and validated for the simultaneous estimation of Abacavir sulfate, Lamivudine and Dolutegravir sodium in pharmaceutical dosage form using RP-HPLC. The chromatographic separation was done using BDS column of dimensions 250mm x 4.6mm, 5m particle size with mobile phase consisting of potassium dihydrogen phosphate buffer and acetonitrile in the ratio 45:55%v/v run on an isocratic mode of flow rate 1.0ml/min. The column oven temperature was maintained at 30ºC. The detection was done at a wavelength of 240nm. The developed method was validated in accordance with ICH guidelines, evaluating accuracy, precision, ruggedness, robustness, LOD, LOQ, stability parameters and found to be within the limits. The method obeys Beer’s law in the concentration range of 150mg/ml – 900mg/ml for Abacavir, 75mg/ml – 450mg/ml for Lamivudine and 12.5mg/ml – 75mg/ml for Dolutegravir with correlation coefficients of 0.9999, 0.9996 and 0.9999 for the three drugs respectively. Forced degradation studies were conducted by exposing the standard drug solution to the various stressed conditions such as acidic, basic, oxidative, thermal, neutral and photolytic conditions. The net degradation for the drugs was found to be within the limits

Energy availability is a vital factor for the survival and optimal performance of industries worldwide. Energy deficit poses a serious threat to the optimal performance of industrial processes, industrial growth and economic development of any nation. Nigeria is blessed with abundant natural resources from which energy could be freely harnessed to meet the nation’s ever spiralling energy needs. Owing to various reasons some of which are pin-pointed here, however, Nigeria continues to suffer acute shortage of energy to power the manufacturing sector therefore hindering her industrial and economic development. The study seeks to investigate the impact of energy deficit on the overall equipment effectiveness (OEE) of selected manufacturing firms in Nigeria as well as suggest ways of using OEE to maximise energy and improve productivity. Data extracted from the sampled firms were used in the computation of the Availability (A), Performance (P), Product Quality (Q) and the Overall Equipment Effectiveness (OEE) applicable to each firm. The findings show that Nigeria must adopt vigorous steps to explore and exploit its abundant energy resources in other to achieve her dream of becoming an industrial giant in the nearest future.

Abstract: In this study, the effect of SiC reinforcement on the electrical, mechanical, physical properties and microstructure of copper matrix composite contact material was investigated. The composite materials were produced by using the powder metallurgy method. The unalloyed copper and SiC powder mixtures were shaped by using a uniaxial press after mixing for 10 minutes at 300 rpm. The shaped specimens were heat treated in graphite powder bad in a capped steel chamber and sintered at 800° C for 2 hours. Electrical conductivity, hardness, density measurements, microstructure analyzes and mineralogical analyzes of the samples were performed after sintering. The structure-property relationships of the produced monolithic and composite copper contact materials are discussed. It was determined that the value of electrical conductivity decreased with increasing amount of SiC phase, and hardness value increased compared to pure copper. Cu-SiC composites revealed better mechanical properties than monolithic copper contact materials.

This study aimed to evaluate the polymerization depths of two different bulk-fill posterior composite resins and a conventional posterior composite resin with the microhardness test and there with the in vitro cytotoxicity test. For the microhardness test, 10 samples were obtained for each group using Teflon molds. Microhardness values were measured from the top and bottom surfaces of each sample using the Vicker's microhardness test. For the cytotoxicity test, 12 samples were obtained for each group using Teflon molds. The extraction fluids of samples were obtained by incubating them at 37°C in RPMI 1640 medium for 24, 48, and 72 h. Cell viability was assessed using the MTT assay following incubation. The microhardness values of the top and bottom surfaces of composite resins were aligned as follows: Filtek Z550 Composite Resin > Filtek Bulk-Fill Posterior Composite Resin > Tetric N-Ceram Bulk-Fill Composite Resin. The microhardness ratio of Filtek Z550 Composite Resin was found to be significantly higher than those of other composite resins when the bottom surface–top surface microhardness ratios were compared. The difference between the bottom surface–top surface microhardness ratios of the Filtek Bulk-Fill Posterior Composite Resin and the Tetric N-Ceram Bulk-Fill Composite Resin was not statistically significant. However, all composite resins provided the recommended polymerization depth (≥80%). No statistically significant difference was observed between the cytotoxicity values of the composite resins after 24- and 48-h incubation. However, the Filtek Bulk-Fill Posterior Composite Resin showed a significantly higher cytotoxicity compared with the other groups after 72-h incubation. In addition, the cytotoxicity value obtained after 72-h incubation of the Filtek Bulk-Fill Posterior Composite Resin was significantly higher than the cytotoxicity values obtained after 24- and 48-h incubation. Although adequate polymerization depth was obtained in all study groups, the Filtek Bulk-Fill Posterior Composite Resin had significantly reduced cell viability after 72-h incubation.

Abstract: The instructional value of rubrics for promoting student learning and aiding teacher feedback to student performance has been studied extensively. This paper investigates the effects of rubrics in the ESL context; specially speaking and writing task assessment. Forty eight students attending an English Language undergraduate program at BAU, Mymensingh grouped into two as controlled group and experimental group participated in this study. Students’ performance at pre-test was compared with that of the post-test (with prior knowledge of rubrics only for experimental group). Statistical analysis paired sample t-test was used to compare the performance of the students on the use of rubrics at their posttest. Results showed that the rubric was perceived as useful for fostering the students’ speaking and writing development by guiding them through the stages of goal-setting, planning, self-monitoring and self-reflection. The paper also reports a significant impact of the rubrics use on students’ self-assessment.

A newer treatment modality for correction of anterior cross bite with use of acrylic occlusal splint with Z spring has been used, which is easy to fabricate, easy to use and require least patient cooperation. This article describes two cases treated with this appliance in mixed dentition and duration of the treatment noted in these patients.

Abstract: In this article we discussed on why Python require in Reinforcement Learning(RL). Python languages have a unique ecosystem, cultures and have their own philosophies. Python codes are available as open sources and Python community involvement with local, national and international events and it is helpful for new developers. Python have its wide array of open source code libraries, package management and ability to work well on platforms other than Windows OS. Finally, Python is great for deployment automation and web development and many non-developers are first introduced to the language and ecosystem while getting data analysis work done.

Perpetual preservation of what is remaining is more important than meticulous reconstruction of what is lost. Preservation and restoration of badly carious or broken tooth possess problems due insufficient remaining tooth support supragingivally and it demands skills and knowledge on different aspects of dentistry. Clinical crown lengthening procedure aim to increase supragingival tooth structure to help in restoration of such teeth. Present report describes preservation of broken tooth with surgical crown lengthening and post core restoration.

Abstract: Contamination due to petroleum hydrocarbons may result from many sources. In Mauritius, coastal sediment pollution results mostly from anthropogenic sources such as industrial activities and the sea activities, mainly at the harbour. While some authors affirmed that sea activities polluted the coastal sediments, and the concentration of pollutants was found to be higher in the harbour, likewise, an investigation was set to quantify the amount of total petroleum hydrocarbon (TPH), ranging from C10 to C40, in the neighbouring coasts from the Mauritius harbour at Port-Louis and to determine its effect on the coastal ecosystems. Three coastal sites were selected, namely, Tombeau Bay (C-BDT), Pointe aux Sables (C-PAS) and Mer Rouge (C-MER). Results showed that the most polluted the coastal sediments was Pointe aux Sables (451 mg/kg) followed by Tombeau Bay and Mer Rouge (less than 66 mg/kg) both. Despite that the chemical properties of the sediments analysed were favourable for microbial biodiversity, results showed that there was a much richer microbial biodiversity in less contaminated sediments while greater microbial activity (respiration rate) in the contaminated environment, C-PAS. Given that the toxicity of TPH in soil was established at range greater than 1000 mg/kg, it was noted that despite the C-PAS site was the most polluted, it did not reach the permissible limit. However, due to the urbanisation and intensive use of the sea for ship activities, the concentration of the level of pollution due to TPH is expected to increase in the forthcoming years.

Peripheral giant cell granuloma (PGCG) is a non-neoplastic, tumor-like reactive lesion occurring exclusively on gingiva/alveolar crest. It is also known as giant cell epulis, osteoclastoma, giant cell reparative granuloma or giant cell hyperplasia. Clinically, it appear as pyogenic granuloma, peripheral ossifying fibroma and many other peripheral lesions seen in the oral cavity, thereby histopathology is mandatory for the diagnosis of this lesion. This article reports a peripheral giant cell granuloma arising at mandibular anterior region in a 50 years old male patient. The biopsy specimen revealed features consistent with PGCG.