This study was designed to assess oral health knowledge, attitudes and practices among secondary schools students in Sana'a city, Yemen. A cross-sectional questionnaire-based study was conducted on (1000) of secondary school students, (500) male students and (500) female students with an age ranged from 16-19 years. A selfadministered structured questionnaire consisting of 24 questions on socio-demographic data, oral health knowledge, attitudes and practices was distributed and collected data was subjected to statistical analysis. The mean knowledge scores for the secondary school students was 72.27 with a statistically significant difference between males and females (P = 0.001). Nearly 75.5% of them reported that regular visits to the dentist are necessary. In contrast, nearly (60.3%) of them visited the dentist when they felt pain and toothache was the most leading reason provided for visiting the dentist (62.1%). Moreover, nearly 42.9% of them reported that fear of needles and drilling was the major reason for their fearing of visiting the dentist. The use of toothbrush and paste was the most oral hygiene method used (78.6%). About 44.6% of them brushed their teeth once per day and 36.8% of them spent one minute for brushing their teeth. Nearly 44.3% of them reported that the time of tooth brushing was before going to bed only. Finally, most of them (74.1%) reported that their parents advised them about the importance of oral hygiene without their watching and did not supervise them. It showed that the students had good oral health knowledge. However, their oral health knowledge, attitudes and practices were bitter in female students than male students.

The aim of the study is to assess the mental health literacy among care providers working in beggar relief and rehabilitation center. The study setting is Bangalore beggar relief and rehabilitation center. Focused group discussion was conducted to identify mental health literacy. Two separate focused group discussion were conducted. One for nurses and one for warders. Eight nurses and eight warders working in the center were selected using purposive sampling technique. The method used to analyze the data is interview transcribing. The Reponses shows that nurses has some knowledge and warders had poor knowledge about causes, commonly seen mental illness, signs and symptoms, treatment, medications and side effects of mental illness. But intense training will help the nurses and warders to improve and affirm their knowledge. The focused group discussion concludes that the mental health literacy among nurses and warders need to be improved to better care the mentally ill inmates of beggar relief and rehabilitation center. The nurses had better knowledge compared to the warders.

Discoloration of orthodontic adhesive during the length of orthodontic treatment and after debonding of brackets poses a difficult aesthetic situation for the clinician and the patient. A detailed review of the causes of the discoloration from a clinical perspective is detailed in the article. Demineralization of enamel and penetration of resin tags, enamel cracks, surface defects are the main causes. The type of composite used, its constituents and the curing process also affects the speed and extend of the discoloration of the enamel. Steps the clinician can take reduce the amount of discoloration of enamel like use of a slow speed tungsten carbide burs are explained. Even though some discoloration of enamel is inevitable, steps can be taken to minimize the problem to a negligible proportion.

Household air pollution (HAP) arising from use of high polluting cooking fuel use remains a global health threat .This study sought to determine the major type of household cooking fuel used by workers ,their level of knowledge of the health effects of use of various categories of house hold cooking fuel, the association between level of knowledge and category of cooking fuel used and the determinants of category of cooking fuel used by respondents A questionnaire based descriptive cross-sectional study was carried out among 352 staff of the University of Uyo Teaching Hospital, Nigeria selected by multi-stage sampling technique between July and October,2017. Data was analyzed with STATA version 10. The major cooking fuel used was liquefied petroleum gas, LPG 221(62.8%). A good proportion 222 (63.1%) also used an alternative cooking fuel with kerosene 88 (37.8%) being the commonest. Main reason for choice of major cooking fuel was convenience 100 (28.4%). Most respondents had good knowledge (70.5%) of the effects of cooking fuel on health. Few knew that cooking fuel is associated with low birth weight 98 (27.8%) and cancer of the lungs174 (49.4%). Categories of staff and level of education were significantly associated with level of knowledge of effect of cooking fuel on health (P<0.001 and P=0.01 respectively) .Determinants of category of cooking fuel used by respondents were level of knowledge (P=0.004), education (P= 0.00), category of staff (P=0.002), place of residence (P=0.008), type of house (P=0.000) and main cooking site (P=0.000).LPG was the major cooking fuel used .Level of knowledge of the health effects of cooking fuel was good though areas of knowledge gap existed .Intensive public enlightenment programs is needed to sustain the awareness and address the knowledge gaps. Government policy of abolishing gas flaring will improve access to clean household cooking fuels and enhance its use.

Shaykh „Uthman bin Foduye (1754-1817) was born and raised in Hausaland (presently Northern Nigeria) where the inhabitants lived in a darkness of ignorance about Islam. The aim of writing this paper is to analyse the struggle of Shaykh „Uthman bin Foduye in Hausaland when he wanted to reform people‟s attitude towards Islamic Faith. Firstly it starts by briefing the biography of Shaykh „Uthman bin Foduye, it also discusses the situation and activities of people in Gobir Kingdom before and after the reformation of Shaykh „Uthman bin Foduye. Then the paper underlines the approaches of Shaykh „Uthman bin Foduye in reforming the Faith and Social Vices among the people in Gobir Kingdom. The method used in this research is analytical method. The paper ends by conclusion and some recommendations which if well used Hausaland will be turn to a land of peace and prosperity.

The purpose of this study is to find out the effect of training on pedagogical content knowledge on teachers’ performance; in schools within Nakuru North Sub- County, Kenya. The study was carried in the 22 public primary schools in the sub county among the 22 head teacher and 170 school teachers. The study was based on Campbell’s theory of performance and social cognitive theory. A sample of 8 head teachers and 51 public primary school teachers was used. The sample for the head teachers was selected using purposive sampling technique while that of the head teachers was selected using simple random sampling technique. Data for the study was collected by use of questionnaires for teachers and interview schedules for head teachers respectively. Prior to use, the questionnaires were subjected to validity checks and reliability tests. Data collected was analyzed using descriptive statistics (frequencies, means and percentages) and inferential statistics with the aid of the Statistical Package for Social Sciences computer software version 21. Pearson moment correlation (r) was used to establish the relationship between the variables. There was a positive Pearson correlation between Training on Pedagogical Content Knowledge and Teachers’ Performance (r = -0.37, p = 0.802). The study established that the school management and the Ministry of Education will be able to use these findings in formulating appropriate strategies that help enhance teacher performance through their continuous professional development.

Jean Rhys‟s best-known postcolonial novel Wide Sargasso Sea has always been regarded as a prequel to Charlotte Bronte‟s Jane Eyre by shifting the focus from Jane to “the mad woman in the attic.” It is a novel filled with tragedy and it inquires into the production of knowledge about racial identity tragedy, especially the white Creole women‟s identity tragedy. The paper attempts to provide a comprehensive view of the “mad woman” Antoinette, who was caught between the control of English imperialist and racial class tension in Wide Sargasso Sea and try to prove that Antoinette‟s identity tragedy is the result of “being voiceless.”

Teh Botol Sosro, produced by PT. Sinar Sosro, is the first brand of ready-to-drink tea in Indonesia that has been developed and maintained for decades. The number of competitors make Teh Botol Sosro remains firm in fighting in the ready to drink tea market. This study aims to analyze the effect of product quality on partial purchase decisions, price on partial purchase decisions, promotion on partial purchase decision, brand awareness on partial purchase decisions, and product quality, price, promotion and brand awareness simultaneously. The population of this research is visitor of Giant Mall Permata Tangerang. While the sample is the respondents who buy Teh Botol Sosro. The average visitor who bought Teh Botol Sosro at Giant Mall Permata Tangerang was 1,200. Thus obtained respondents to be observed with the Slovin formula is 100 respondents. Quantitative analysis method using multiple linear regression analysis, followed by determination analysis (R Square), partial hypothesis testing (t test) and simultaneous (F test) with alpha 5 percent (0,05). Prior to further analysis, data quality and classical assumption test are done. Analytical tool using SPSS version 23.0 for windows. The result of this research shows that product quality has partially influence on Purchase Decision, price has partially influence on Purchase Decision, promotion has partially influence on Purchase Decision, brand awareness has partially influence on Purchase Decision, and product quality, price, promotion and brand awareness have simultaneously influence on Purchase Decision of Teh Botol Sosro product at Giant Mall Permata Tangerang. There are still other factors that affect the Purchase Decision, therefore it still needs further research.

The proliferation of small arms and light weapons is and has remained one of the major security challenges Nigeria, Africa and the World at large is currently facing. The thrust of this paper is on the impact of uncontrolled proliferation, stockpiling, trafficking, availability and usage of these arms on Nigeria‟s national security as it is believed to fuel alarming levels of armed crime, communal conflict, political instability, social unrest as well as making all the geo-political zones of the country to be flooded with small arms. The paper further argues that the inability of the Nigerian government and its law enforcement agencies to check the menace has led to a major challenge of security, as it was revealed that previous and current efforts at tackling the issue has not yielded much efforts as only a few number of seizures of illegal arms has been made hence the proliferation continues to sustain and exacerbates armed conflicts within the country. The study is anchored on the realist and failed state theories using secondary data, literature evidence, descriptive and historical methodology. Findings reveal that the impact of small arms and light weapons on the society is too grave and devastating to be treated with kid‟s glove as it leads to massive loss of lives and properties, erodes social capital, facilitate corruption and climate of impunity. The paper recommends that the government must rise up to the challenges of tackling the menace with all seriousness and commitment.

This study aims to analyze Corporate Social Responsibility (CSR) policy implementation on Semen Bosowa Maros (SBM) Ltd. in promoting community empowerment in Baruga village. The study took place in the area of operation of SBM Ltd. in Baruga village applying qualitative research with a case study approach. Sources of data in the study consisted of primary and secondary data. The result of analyzed CSR policy implementation research SBM Ltd. in the village Baruga based on the content and context of the policy suggests that the implementation of CSR policies SBM Ltd. still dominantly implemented in the form of charity and humanitarian assistance (charity and philanthropy) But in the form of a sustainable community empowerment must increasingly be made enterprising and enhanced to promote to be more capable of establishing communities’ independency, welfare, and empowerment around the company's operations, in particular Baruga village community.

This study examined stress and stress management amongst undergraduates of Nnamdi Azikiwe University (Unizik), Awka, Nigeria. The person – environment fit theory was adopted as the theoretical framework. Cluster and simple sampling techniques were used for this research work, while the sample size used was 200. Data was collected via questionnaire and in-depth interview. Questionnaire data from the field was analyzed using the statistical package for social sciences (SPSS). The study revealed that there is no relationship between sex of a student and their awareness and knowledge of stress management techniques. Also there was no relationship between the academic level of students and their acceptance that stress influences academic performance in various ways. The researcher recommended that the school management should add stress management skills as part of the school curriculum, inform students in advance of the difficulties they might face and encourage them to develop their own strategies to achieve personal goals during the orientation week for new students. It was also recommended that close lecturer - student relationships be cultivated so that students can approach lecturers on personal issues to improve their academic performance. The paper concluded that when students are exposed to knowledge and skills relevant to stress management, they will effectively cope with school related stress, graduate with good grades and in turn, be in a position to contribute positively to national growth.

This study aimed to determine the quality of Lebanese olive oil by analyzing their chemical composition and their physicochemical characteristics. Olive oil samples were first collected from three different Lebanese areas. Physico-chemical investigation (acidity, peroxide index, specific extinction, total polyphenol content as well as chlorophyll and carotenoid contents) of the samples associated with fatty acid analysis by GC-MS technique and NMR characterization demonstrate the compatibility of samples with the standards of International Olive Oil Council (IOC) norms. However, obtained results showed that olive oil samples exhibited a high oxidation status, revealing the necessity of improving oil extraction procedures as well as its storage conditions. Our results confirmed further that olive crushing; harvesting as well as maturity stages have a great impact on the overall quality of obtained oil.

The Qur‟an contains the Divine revelations of Allah (The exalted) to mankind. It is the message from Allah to man and therefore of utmost importance to us. Therefore, some special knowledge of the circumstances that surround the Glorious Qur‟an is also necessary for fuller understanding of its meaning and implications. This paper, therefore, studies one of the important science of the Qur‟an (that is Miraculousness of the Qur‟an) comparatively from the views of two prominent Islamic scholars, such as; Shaykh „Abd Allah bn Foduye who was born in the year 1179A.H/1766-7.C.E and (d. 1829 C.E), and Bediuzzaman Sa‟id Nursi who was born in 1877 C.E in the small village of Nurs in the province of Bitlis in eastern Anatolia of the old Ottoman Empire (modern day Turkey) and (d. 1960 C.E), who had a good numerous of things in common and differ with Shaykh Abd Allah in some explanations especially in „Ijaz al-Qur‟an (Miraculousness of the Qur‟an).This paper attempts to discuss definition of the „Ijaz al-Qur‟an, the views of Bediuzzaman Said Nursi and Shaykh Abd Allah bn Foduye on „Ijaz al-Qur‟an. The paper also explains where these two prominent Islamic sages are compatible and incompatible concerning their thoughts on the Miraculousness of the Qur‟an. This paper also explicit the two great scholars have expresses this aspect of „Ijaz alQur‟an (Miraculousness of the Qur‟an) in details. The whole idea of selecting these renowned scholars, despite the difference in the time of their existence and place of activities, is for a number of reasons. Firstly, to show the efforts of the two scholars in reviving the religion of Islam in their respective domains and times and vindicating its truth despite the challenges they encountered from those who were against the teachings of Islam. Secondly, is to show the people of these two continents that there are great scholars who worked vigorously about Qur‟an and to benefit from their knowledge and good character. Looking at the nature and scope of this research, analytical method was employed by studying and analyzing the works of the two scholars.

Awareness of poor visual acuity that can be treated easily and effectively in the student groups can add positively for their quality of life and quality of their study. A descriptive cross-sectional study done among students aged 14–19 years in secondary schools in Sulaimani city from six secondary schools both male and female are enrolled. To determine the prevalence and pattern of refractive errors in this students group and determine the prevalence of different types of refractive errors which include (Myopia, Hypermetropia & Astigmatism). The total of 848 students aged 14–19 years, were examined. Examination included visual acuity testing by E chart, and refraction was done for those having visual acuity less than 6/6. The refractive errors of the students' eyes were measured using streak self -luminous Retinoscopy and non-Cycloplegic auto-refraction. Out of 848 students, 737 (86.9%) were emmetropic (normal visual acuity) and 111 (13.1%) were ametropic. Of those 111 students, Myopia with myopic astigmatism was the commonest types: 41(36.9%), and 52(46.8%) students respectively. Hypermetropia found in 14(12.6%) students. Anisometropia was found in seven (6.3%) students, represents (0.8%) of the sample. Amblyopia was found in 11(10%) students, of overall sample (1.3%) had Amblyopia. Only one had bilateral Amblyopia. Bilateral vision correction to 6/6 was found in 81(73%) students, (9.6%) of the study sample, Six (5.4%) students (0.7%) had unilateral correction to 6/6, Nine (8.1%) students (1.1%) had bilateral correction to 6/9, and 15(13.50%) students, overall represents (1.8%) of them, their vision was correctable to less than 6/12. Those having glasses earlier were 35(31.50%) students represent (4.1%) of the sample while 76(68.50%) student need glasses. Prevalence of refractive errors was 13.1% of the sample. Simple myopia was the most prevalent refractive errors that corrected to 6/6, While. Amblyopia was more common in hypermetropic. Anisometropia was the least common of the sample.

Poverty is a very complex problem, which is not only limited to economic issues but also related to issues in other fields. State policy (government) is needed in helping solve the problem related to poverty especially in the field of law that is by providing legal protection through the provision of legal aid to the citizens. It is an attempt to fulfill and at the same time be the implementation of a legal state that recognizes and protects and guarantees citizens' human rights on the need for access to justice and equality before the law and fair trial. Islamic values not only regulate the things that are private but also public policies and also constitutional so that the jurists make Islamic law as one of the primary references in establishing positive law in realizing the certainty of law and justice one of them through the fulfillment of the right to legal aid that is part of the legal system of the Pancasila Legal State. Judging from the perspective of dignified justice, the provision of legal aid to the underprivileged is one manifestation of humanizing humanity, that is the manifestation of respect for one's dignity and dignity. The policy of legal aid should be oriented to the legal philosophy of human beings. That is, the law, including the arrangement of legal aid for justice seekers who can not afford, must serve human beings.