The aim of this study was to evaluate the seroprevalence of toxoplasmosis infection in pregnant women in Setif region and to identify the main risk factors involved. The different parameters were collected by direct interviews and using standardized ELIFA technique for detecting the anti-toxoplasmic antibodies IgG / IgM and determining the immunological status of this sample. Our results showed a general lack of Toxoplasmosis awareness, a prevalence of 58% of seronegative pregnant women and 42% of seropositive women they may have risks of seroconversion as the case observed in our study. The statistical analysis confirmed that the consumption of undercooked meat is the main factor of contamination. This study has the advantage of setting up a serological monitoring of toxoplasmosis according to a legal framework with the aim of detecting and servile seronegative women, hence the importance of education and information in terms of prevention.

Historical heritage holds outstanding values for humanity and so their sustainable management is paramount. Heritage management is requisite in ensuring the continuous survival of heritage sites for education, scientific research, and archeological discovery and leisure purposes. It helps maintain human societies and uphold enormous opportunities especially for tourism and socio-economic development. Today for instance, the heritage industry has become a dominant niche of the global tourism industry especially in the developing countries of Africa, Latin America and Asia. Yet, there is poor, absence of an up-to-date, proactive and sustainable management framework for the conservation and preservation of historical heritage monuments in Cameroon. The main objective of this study was to critically examine the management of historical heritage monuments in Cameroon and frame a green framework for their sustainable management. The study adopted a qualitative research design, case study approach and semi-structured interviews with experts in the collection of primary data blended with secondary materials from published sources including textbooks, scientific journal articles, reports, conference presentations and internet websites.

The use of plants for the treatment of various diseases was recorded in the history. Many conventional medicines originate from plant sources: many decades ago, most of the few effective drugs were plant-based. Examples include quinine (from cinchona bark), digoxin (from foxglove), morphine (from the opium poppy) and aspirin (from willow bark). The discovery and development of new drugs from plant sources continues, with drug companies engaged in large-scale pharmacologic screening of herbs. Arthritis is a condition typically characterized by pain, aching, stiffness and swelling in and around one or more joints. Rheumatoid arthritis (RA) is a disorder in which the body's own immune system starts to attack body tissues. Ricinus communis, the castorbean or castor-oil-plant is a species of flowering plant in the spurge family, Euphorbiaceae. Many authors have reported that the plant has promised Antioxidant activity, Antinociceptive activity, Antiulcer activity, Antiasthmatic activity, Anti-fertility activity, Antihistaminic Activity etc cited in literature review. The present study is aimed to evaluate the methanolic leaf extract of Ricinus communis for acclaimed anti-arthritic activity by using protein denaturation method. Diclofenac sodium is used as a standard drug. From the results of the present study it can be stated that the methanolic leaf extract of Ricinus communis at two different concentrations (250mcg/ml & 500mcg/ml) is capable of inhibiting the denaturation of protein in rheumatic disease.

Gastrointestinal system is predominantly supplied by the serotonin. Serotonin has both central & peripheral actions. The SSRls increases the release of serotonin in the synapse by inhibiting the transporter, which results in excessive nausea & vomiting initially. We carried out this study to determine the effects of SSRIs on intestinal motility. Power lab (USA) was used for recording the contractions of ileal smooth muscle of rabbit. The percent responses of serotonin, fluoxetine, paroxetine and citalopram were 100, 15.48, 7.45, and 6.75 percent correspondingly indicating that serotonin has a greater impact on intestinal motility as compared to SSRIs. Failure of SSRIs (fluoxetine, paroxetine and citalopram) to augment the serotonergic transmission in vitro causes a decline in its qualitative response. Fluoxetine causes the minimal effect on intestinal activity amongst its fellow drug & therefore can be prescribed safely in patients of depression with abnormal motility

In the current scenario herbal medicines became the main system for the treatment of many diseases. Because of the advancement in science and technology a huge number of plants were discovered having therapeutic capabilities to treat many deadly diseases and have gain importance and acceptance within the medical community. Among various diseases urolithiasis has been a common problem from various centuries. For the treatment of urolithiasis many synthetic drugs are available in the market but because of their side effects herbal remedies are widely accepted. Our present study aimed to evaluate the therapeutic potential to treat urolithiasis (kidney stones) where cystone was used as a standard drug. The present study revealed that the leaves of Ricinus communis possess mild antiurolithiatic activity which might be due to the presence of various phytochemical constituents such as flavonoids, alkaloids, triterpenes etc.

Advertising in social networks not only involves the user, but also makes it part in planned advertising, .i.e. divided user becomes the most effective advertising tool. Social networking provides the user with a unique opportunity to instantly find the company's site and learn more about its services. If the customer wants to contact you, he needs to write a personal message, Vol. y.? For example, the buyer does not need to search your contact page and call the administration - of the proposed goods, since he may show his interest directly, leave your? social network account. Social networks - networks, where at one time can be achieved by far the highest number of consumers and the advertising or information can be provided highly targeted. This advertising will significantly increase your potential customers at minimal cost. Social Network - an interactive website, which brings together a common interest of its members with the group, and with a specific content and virtually interact with each other by using automated site-specific measures. The article analyzes the advertising in social networks, the article measurable advertising on Facebook, and Google+ opportunities.

Sustained release formulations are becoming more popular now days for the delivery of non-steroidal anti-inflammatory drugs (NSAIDs) because of their ability to maintain therapeutic effective drug concentration for prolonged duration with low dosing frequency and side effects associated with NSAIDs. The present study was attempted to develop Sustained release tablets of a model NSAID drug, Etodolac. Etodolac Sustained release tablets were prepared by Gellan Gum (A, mg), Sodium CMC (B, mg), Xyloglucan (C, ml), Xanthan Gum (D, ml), MCC (E, ml), Talc (F, rpm), Orange flavour (G, rpm), Aspartame (H, rpm), Magnesium stearate (I, rpm). The granules were evaluated for flow properties by evaluating bulk density, tapped density, Carr’s index, Hausner’s ratio and angle of repose. The tablets were evaluated for drug polymer compatibility study by FTIR, diameter, weight variation test, hardness, friability, disintegration test, SEM, Swelling Index, In vitro drug release, release kinetics, stability studies and Plackett-Burman Experimental Design was also applied to find the optimized formulation. The FTIR study revealed that no such interactions being taking place in between drug and polymers. The flow property of granules of all tablet batches was found to be good. All the tablet formulations had good tablet physiochemical properties. The swelling of the tablets was also found optimum. From the results of in-vitro study, it was concluded that Etodolac Sustained release tablet provided most sustained release of Etodolac over extended period of time with aid of greater stability.

The purpose and objectives of this research paper was to evaluate the written test and interview exam pattern in the process of recruitment for the nonteaching position for Group B (Non-Gazetted), C and erstwhile Group D in the central and state government university/organization and also to check the impact of Implementation of written examination instead of Interview on the Non-teaching cadre in the Central Universities in India. In the above research paper we have conducted the primary research through the collection of primary data by constructing the structured questionnaire for various government employees, private employee, selfemployed, un-employed person including the students in the central and state university especially from the Banaras Hindu University. This paper will help the nonteaching staff and recruitment staff, Recruitment Rule maker who are in the process of recruitment of various post for Group B (Non-Gazetted), C and erstwhile Group D in the central and state government for the exact understanding about the true opinion of respondent who have ever faced either written examination or interview or both the pattern of examination. In this research paper we have used descriptive research design and probability sampling technique for selecting the primary data. After reviewing the various literatures we have framed the various objectives for our selected topic and on the basis of objectives we have designed the structured questionnaire for the primary data collection and formulated the Null (H0) hypothesis for conclusive oriented decision making. The sample size was 92 from the group of students, private employee, and government employee, self-employed and unemployed person. We have applied the various statistical tools such as frequency test and cross tabs (Chi square) through the IBM- SPSS 23.0 software package for data analysis and interpretation of the above case.

A survey of herbaceous fodder plants along the national highway from Parwanoo to Kaurik was carried out. Mostly along the national highway rural areas were situated and they used local flora for their cattle or livestock. Some of the herbaceous plant species used as fodder among the communities of these areas. In Present paper, 53 species belonging to 17 families and 44 genera were recorded and identified. The families with higher number of species were Poaceae with 29 species, Leguminosae with 5 species, Brassicaceae and Cyperaceae with 2 species, Acanthaceae, Begoniaceae, Caryophyllaceae, Commelinaceae, Compositae, Convolvulaceae, Cucurbitaceae, Datiscaceae, Oxalidaceae, Pedaliaceae, Polygonaceae, Solanaceae, Urticaceae with 1 species each. The genera represented by the higher number of species Setaria (3 species), Chrysopogon, Cyperus, Oplismenus, Paspalum, Saccharum, Trifolium (2 species) and rest of the genera comprising only one species.

FUO is an important medical problem worldwide, especially in the undeveloped countries like India. To have a structured, sensible and effective approach the clinician must have an understanding of the spectrum of disease and test characteristics of various diagnostic modalities available in the evaluation of FUO. The aim of this study was to analyze the clinical and etiological profile of patients having classic FUO. It was a cross sectional study for one year duration from 1st June 2013 to 31st May 2014 and was performed in the Department of Medicine in I.G.M.C. Shimla. All the admitted Patients above 18 year of age and who fulfilled the Durack and Street criteria of FUO were included in the study. After initial history taking and physical examination, the patients were subjected to routine, serological & radiographic investigations. Data was entered using microsoft excel software and analyzed with the help of epi info v7. A total of 45 patients who admitted with FUO were included Mean age of the patients was 33 years and majority of the patients were in young age group of 18-40 years (76%).There was male preponderance (69%) and most of the patients were from rural background (71%).The mean duration of fever 46.6 days and mean duration of hospitalization was 14.4 days. Infections were responsible for 80% cases of FUO. These infections included tuberculosis (29%), enteric fever (17.5%), intra-abdominal abscesses (8.8%), chloroquine responsive fever (4.4%), brucellosis (7%), lieshmaniasis (4.4%), and UTI (2.2%). Non Infectious Inflammatory Disease (NIID) and neoplasms were were responsible for only 4.4% and 2.2% of cases, while 13.2% of the cases remained undiagnosed. Infections are the most important cause of fever of unknown origin in the developing countries like India and tuberculosis is the leading cause. Thus the initial investigations should always include tests for ruling out or confirming diagnosis of infectious disease.

Bio-slurry has potential value as good quality organic fertilizer and an agent of soil carbon sequestration through build up of soil organic matter level. Cowdung and poultry manure had the higher organic carbon content as well as higher nutrient concentration compared to Cow-dung and poultry bio-slurry. Nutrient concentration particularly N, P and S in CD and CB was found lower than the PM and PB. The highest carbon mineralization in Balina soil was found in poultry manure amended soil followed by cow dung, poultry bio-slurry and the lowest in cow dung bio-slurry. Carbon mineralization of manures in Noadda soil also followed the similar trend like Balina soil. However, Carbon mineralization of poultry manure and poultry bio-slurry was lower and cow dung and cow dung bio-slurry was higher in Noadda compared to Balina soil. Thus, decomposition of manure does not depend only on the quality of soil rather both the quality of manure and soil. Decomposition of manure was found slightly higher (around 5%) in Balina soil compared to Noadda soil when averaged over four manures. Among the manure, around three to four times less amount of CO2 was evolved during the decomposition of cow-dung and poultry bio-slurry as compared to cow-dung and poultry manure. Thus, this study indicate that soil application of bio-slurry had high potential in the mitigation of the greenhouse effect as well as short-term benefits in terms of improving soil organic matter stock, as compared to manure.

The present paper described about the development and validation of three different simple, sensitive, rapid, accurate and economical UV Spectrophotometric methods. The developed methods were used for the quantitative estimation of famciclovir in bulk drug and its pharmaceutical dosage form. UV 1800 double beam UV Visible Spectrophotometer with a pair of 10mm path length matched quartz cells were used for the study. Method A (Borate buffer pH9), Method B (0.1N NaOH) Method C (Phosphate buffer pH4) and Method D (Phosphate buffer pH 7) were developed for estimation of famciclovir by zero-order and first-order derivative. Beer’s law is valid in the concentration range of 10-80 μg/mL and 10-90 μg/mL respectively and the correlation coefficient was found to be 0.999. The percentage recoveries were found to be 98-102%. The relative standard deviation was found to be <2%. LOD&LOQ were estimated. The statistical analysis proves that the methods are reproducible and selective for the routine analysis of famciclovir in bulk and its pharmaceutical dosage form

Myristica fragrans seed (Nutmeg) famed as the prominent fatty seed of medicinal and therapeutic quality came from the Spice island of Indonesia. It is endowed with phytochemicals, minerals and vitamins impart medicinal values. In captive conditions the ornamental fishes with deprived nutritional feed subjected to diseases and faded colour produces economic loss in their trade operations can be tackled by effective administration of plant products. In this perspective, a comparative study made in Poecilia latipinna (yellow molly)by providing (commercial feed) CF and TD1 (Myristica fragrans) for a duration of 60 days. The in vivo antibacterial efficacy of feed in tissues(gut & gill) of the specimen along with water samples from aquaria revealed positive result for TD1.The colour enhancing ability in yellow molly yielded best result higher for TD1 considered to CF. The total bacterial load in the water, gut as well as the gill of CF fed group was 75x104 CFU/ml, 45x104 CFU/ml& 23x104 CFU/ml while for TD1 it was 14x104 CFU/ml, 9x104 CFU/ml, 7x104CFU/ml. The quantitative estimation of carotenoids estimated was 6.32µµg/g wet weight in control and 12.12µg/g wet weight for TD1.From the present investigation arrived at the conclusion that TD1 provided better anti-bacterial activity than CF (commercial feed) not only prevent disease outbreak but also produce vibrant skin colour.

To analyze the aerobic bacteria isolated from endotracheal secretions of ventilated patients and to evaluate the antibiotic sensitivity pattern and Multi drug resistance of those isolates, present study was conducted in M.D.M. Hospital, Dr. S. N. Medical College, Jodhpur, and Rajasthan, India. Endotracheal secretions received during the study period from Jan 2016 to April 2016 were processed and all the pathogenic isolates were identified as per the standard guideline. Antibiotic sensitivity was performed for the identified pathogens according to CLSI standards. Clinical condition of the ventilated and tracheotomised patients was recorded. A total of 160 Endotracheal isolates was processed and 114(71.25) of the aspirates was showing growth. The most frequently isolated pathogens were Klebsiella sp.(37.7%), Pseudomonas(18.4%), Esch. coli(15.7) and Acinetobacter sp.(10.5%) followed by Citrobactor sp., Staph. aureus, Proteus sp.. All the organisms more or less showed both sensitive and resistance pattern but Acinetobacter sp was resistant to all the antibiotics except the antibiotic imepenem and ciprofloxacin. This study presents the most common microorganisms colonized and their antibiotic resistance pattern. The variability of flora and the potential need to adjust antibiotic coverage based on culture data suggest that surveillance tracheal aspirates are important during exacerbations

The objective of the current study was to investigate changing profile of reproduction hormone (Progesterone and Estradiol) BCS and parity in relation to the resumption of ovarian cyclicity postpartum in cows of European origin under semiarid conditions of Algeria. To measure plasma progesterone (P4) and estradiol 17-β (E2), blood samples were collected from 21 Montbéliarde dairy cows at 30, 40 and 50 d postpartum (dPP) respectively. Body condition score (BCS) was taken before and after calving. Cows were grouped based on progesterone concentration (resumption of ovarian cyclicity, ≥1 ng/mL) at 30, 40, and 50 dPP into a non ovarian activity (NOA) group (n = 6) and ovarian activity (OA) group (n = 15). P4 concentration was higher in the OA group than in the NOA group and statistically differed at 50 dPP (p = 0.04). E2 was higher in the OA group than a NOA group at d 30 (p = 0, 01) and d 40 (p = 0, 03). Despite superiority of BCS peri and postpartum but no significant differences were detected between the two groups. There was no significant difference between parity and ovarian resumption groups. Two groups were formed based on differences in onset of postpartum resumption of ovarian activity. OA (n =15/21 or 71.42 %) showed first ovulation between 30 d and 50 d after parturition. NOA (n = 6/21 or 28.57 %) manifested a first ovulation > 50 d in milk.