This cross-sectional study aims to find out incidence and severity of stress among undergraduate male and female medical students and explore its association with Body mass index (BMI). A total of 523 young healthy males and females (19- 22 yrs) were categorized as normal, overweight and obese based on their BMI. The level of stress was determined among the participants using PSS-14 questionnaire. Majority of the male participants were found to be overweight with an average BMI 26.95±0.34 while average BMI noted in females was 23.66±1.25. Around 36% of these undergraduate medical students were found to be stressed with average stress score of 26.09± 0.51. In fact among overweight males incidence of stress was 33.66%. However, female subjects showed an increase in percentage prevalence of 94.12% in obese category. Interestingly stress score both in male and females showed a rising trend with maximum in obese being 26.09±0.51 in males and 32.53±1.73 in females. The level of stress was significantly different between obese male and obese females (P<0.00027). Statistically significant correlation (P<0.05) is observed between stress vs. BMI, Stress vs. Weight, Stress vs. Waist Circumference (WC) and stress vs. Hip circumference (HC) in the overweight females. The occurrence and severity of stress is found greater in female undergraduates.

This study was carried out to evaluate the antimicrobial activity of hexane, chloroform, ethyl acetate and water extracts of six marine macroalgae belonging to different families namely green algae (Chlorophyceae), brown algae (Phaeophyceae) and the red algae (Rhodophyceae) collected from the intertidal area of the Sudanese Red Sea coast near Port Sudan. Successive extraction techniques using hexane, chloroform, ethyl acetate and water were used for extracting the active principles of the algae and the disc-diffusion method was performed to examine the activity of the crude extracts against four pathogenic bacteria and one fungus. Most of the tested algal extracts exhibited considerable bioactivity and inhibited the growth of most of pathogenic microorganisms under investigation. The chloroform extract of the red alga Gracillaria sp produced a maximum inhibition zone of 22 mm against Escherichia coli whereas the chloroform extract of the red alga Laurencia papillosa showed a low antimicrobial activity with a minimum inhibition zone of 5 mm against Bacillus subtilis.

HIV/AIDS is a serious challenge for the developing as well as the developed world. Globally, 35.0 million (33.2–37.2 million) people were living with HIV at the end of 2013. [1] Although many HIV‑infected individuals avoid risky behaviours, still substantial numbers of HIV‑infected persons, continue to engage in HIV transmission risk behaviours. To find out the Socio-Demographic, Behavioural characteristics and Clinical profile of People (Males more than 15 years) Living with HIV/AIDS (PLHA). An institutional based cross sectional study was carried out among People (male >15 years) living with HIV /AIDS (PLHA) attending Anti Retro Viral Therapy (ART) Centre of Calcutta School of Tropical Medicine (CSTM) for 12 months from May 2012 to April 2013. A predesigned and pretested schedule was used as study tool to collect required information. Maximum population (40.5%) belong to the age group 31-40 years followed by 24.1% in 41-50 years. Majority had coital debut at the age of 26-30 years (35.9%). First sexual partner among 41.7% was female commercial sex worker; 74.4% participants were not into monogamous relationship. More than half of study population (51.1%) were currently sexually active and 55.36 % of currently sexually active participant consistently used condom. Majority of the study population suffered from tuberculosis (28.2%) followed by candidiasis (24.5%). PLHA should be trained on safe sex strategy, correct and consistent use of condom among themselves & their partner as well as maintaining monogamous relationship. More involvement of Community Care centre to reinforce, care and counselling, support of PLHA against Opportunistic infection will reduce their poor health burden. IEC activities to promote value based lifestyle with reducing vulnerabilities among PLHA and creating a strong network among PLHA will prevent such harmful behaviour

Buildings in hot countries experience significant amount of heat gain through windows and this affects the thermal comfort of buildings' occupants. The proposed glazing is specially designed to reduce the electricity consumption for lighting and cooling. The optical properties of the glazing have been optimized by using rigorous coupled-wave analysis method. The glazing consists of ITO and four periodic pairs of Si/SiO2, deposited on a glass sheet. The fabrication of the glazing and the testing has been performed at the laboratories of the Faculty of Science, University of Witwatersrand, South Africa. Magnetron sputtering technique has been used for the fabrication. The optimum thicknesses of ITO, Si and SiO2, obtained from the simulation and the experimental work, are 0.1 μm, 0.15 and o.4 μm, respectively. The glazing transmits 70-80% of the visible light and reflects almost all the infrared radiation.

Metastasis of unknown primary origin (MUPO) account for 2–3 % of all malignancies in Western countries and represent a heterogeneous, often aggressive, and clinically challenging group of tumors with early metastatic dissemination for which a standardized diagnostic workup initially fails to identify the site of origin at the time of diagnosis. In the following chapter, we review the possibilities and challenges of tissue-based conventional as well as immunohistochimical procedures to categorize this heterogeneous group of neoplasms. We describe the role of pathology in MUPO diagnosis as part of a multidisciplinary effort primarily involving oncologists, surgeons, radiologists, and pathologists with the ultimate goal to aid in clinical reasoning and decision making.

The aim of this study is to analyze the relationships of the knowledge about environment, member’s participation on environment preservation, and member’s capacity to manage environment with the environment perspective of cooperatives’ members. This study was carried out at the ranch area in Leuwiliang, Bogor (2003) with 70 respondents selected by multi stage random sampling. Respondents are ranchers and the members of cooperative. The data were analyzed using simple regression, multiple regressions, simple correlation, and multiple correlations. The study reveals that there are positive relationships between: (1) the knowledge about environment with the environment perspective of cooperatives’ members, (2) member’s participation on environment preservation with the environment perspective of cooperatives’ members, (3) members capacity to manage environment with the environment perspective of cooperatives’ members, and (4) the knowledge about environment, members participation on environment preservation, and members capacity to manage environment, with the environment perspective of cooperatives’ members.

Carcinomatous meningitis from solid tumors has not been investigated in detail in the Moroccan population. Therefore, we reviewed our experience with this disease to determine its clinical features and treatment outcomes in Moroccan patients. We performed a retrospective review of all patients with solid cancers admitted to the Military Hospital Moulay Ismail in Meknes, Morocco with carcinomatous meningitis between January 2011 and December 2017. A total of 12 patients were included. 5 were males and 7 were females. The median age was 54 years old (39 – 77 years old). The most frequent primary tumor was breast cancer (50%) and lung cancer (34%). The median time from initial cancer diagnosis to the development of carcinomatous meningitis was 6.9 months (0 – 49 months). The most common symptoms were headache (67%), nausea and vomiting (42%), and vision changes (34%). The diagnosis of CM was established by both CSF cytology and MRI in 25% of patients, by CSF cytology alone in 17%, and by MRI alone in 58%. One of the 12 patients received supportive care only. Chemotherapy was the only treatment for 50% of patients, 17% received radiotherapy alone, and 25% received both chemotherapy and radiotherapy. The median survival from the time of carcinomatous meningitis diagnosis was 9 weeks (2 – 29 weeks). Our results confirm the continued poor prognosis of carcinomatous meningitis in Moroccan patients with solid tumors as well. Further clinical trials are needed to improve therapeutic strategies including prophylactic approaches

Blue Bird is taxi-type public transport. It is a conventional taxi that is very trusted people in Indonesia, especially in Medan. The Blue Bird Taxi is a taxi with a meter that can be trusted compared to other conventional taxis. Several factors can make passengers decide to use Blue Bird, one of which is to increase competitive advantage and utilize e-marketing. This study aims to determine and analyze the influence of competitive advantage and e-marketing to the decision of passengers. The population of this study used 129 students of Master of Management Science, Universitas Sumatera Utara. By using the Slovin formula, the sample number of 98 people is obtained. Data were collected by distributing questionnaires to respondents. Analytical techniques used are multiple linear analysis, classical assumption test, and hypothesis test. The results showed simultaneously competitive, and e-marketing advantages have a positive and significant impact on passenger decisions using Blue Bird and partially competitive advantage, and e-marketing have a positive and significant impact on the decision of passengers when using the taxi.

Facial trauma with retention of foreign material in the wound is of common occurrence. But foreign body impaction secondary to trauma in the neck is rare. Though such cases are common as part of occupational hazards, we rarely come across such cases related to road traffic accidents. Here we present a case report of impacted glass piece in the neck, secondary to a road traffic accident.

Every company always wants quality human resources as a valuable asset that is consistently sought and maintained. A company must be able to optimize supporting factor from employee productivity itself to get the optimal result of work. One factor that can improve productivity includes the layout of production facilities and supervision of work that exist in a company. This study aims to determine and analyze the effect of the layout of production facilities and supervision of existing work on production employees of Mawar Bakery. It involves the addition of motivation as a moderating variable to produce good productivity from existing production employees. This research is quantitative descriptive research, and the nature of the research is explanatory. Population includes production employees located at Mawar Pinang Baris, Mawar Setia Budi and Mawar Gatot Subroto involving 132 employees with a sample of 100 employees taken by simple random sampling. Data collection techniques were conducted by documentation studies and distributing questionnaires. The technique of data analysis by using regression analysis of Moderating Regression Analysis (MRA). The result of the test without the effect of moderation indicates that layout of the production facility and work supervision respectively have the positive and significant effect to work productivity of production employees. Work supervision becomes the dominant factor in increasing productivity compared to the layout of production facilities. Test results with moderation effects indicate that motivation is not as a variable that can moderate the influence of job control variables on work productivity of production employees. Thus productivity of production employees will increase if the layout of available facilities and work supervision applied to Mawar Bakery has been following the needs so that production employees can work efficiently.

Viral gastroenteritis is one of the most frequently occurring medical illnesses all over the world, especially in developing countries. Although, clinical features of viral gastroenteritis are generally limited to the intestine, they may also extend beyond the gastrointestinal tract, which could be life threatening and fatal. The etiology of viral gastroenteritis in adults usually remains unclear. The aim was to investigate the etiology and clinical profile among adult patients with acute viral gastroenteritis. Patients (100) underwent investigations including, hemoglobin test, urine examination, fasting blood sugar, liver function test, renal function test, and serum electrolytes. Stool specimens were tested for rotavirus and adenovirus using the rapid kit test. The categorical and continuous data were compared using chi-square test and student t-test, respectively. At 95% confidence interval, p ≤ 0.05 was considered as statistically significant. Of the 100 gastroenteritis patients, 26 patients were diagnosed positive for viral gastroenteritis. The leading cause of viral gastroenteritis was rotavirus (22) followed by adenovirus (4) and rotavirus-adenovirus co-infection (2). Diarrhea (100) was the major clinical feature. Incidence of gastroenteritis was mainly observed in patients (41) below 30 years of age. Acute viral gastroenteritis was significantly associated with the clinical features including vomiting, fever, dehydration, and reduced urine output; and biochemical parameters including renal and hepatic function abnormalities (p < 0.001). The study concluded that rotavirus, followed by adenovirus, can cause severe gastroenteritis and is an important etiologic agent in hospitalized adult cases of gastroenteritis.

Attitudes towards job-related factors stand as one of the most influential determinants of retention of Human Resource for Health (HRH) in rural areas. Thus, the factors which underlie the attitudes of HRH towards job-related factors of rural job posts are equally important. Thus, this study assesses the inclination of attitudes of HRH towards job-related factors of rural job posts on a sample of 60 HRH who have short period of service and 61 HRH who have long period of service using Mann Whitney U test for independent samples. We tested the jobrelated factors which are commonly referred in HRH researches, namely, opportunity to practice a variety of skills, opportunity of career advancement, support from other staff, autonomy at work place and the extent to which the job is enjoyable due to its relative difficulty. The findings show that HRH who have short period of service have more favorable attitudes towards opportunity to practice a variety of skills and the degree of enjoyment in their jobs than do their counterparts. As a means to retain HRH in rural health facilities in Tanzania, particularly those who have short period of service, the study recommends on fostering favorable attitudes towards job-related factors of rural job posts by focusing on factors of rural job posts to which they have more favorable attitudes.

It is important for any health system to provide Nursing care with great quality and respond the client’s necessities. There are three dimension of nursing care which is used to assess patient’s satisfaction that are Nursing skill, Attention and Somatic Care. Purpose of study is assessing satisfaction of patient’s related quality of nursing care dimension in the government center of Lahore Pakistan. Quantitative descriptive cross sectional study design was used. Simple convenient sampling was used to collect the data from two different government hospitals. Sample size was 200 patients from selected hospital. The results of the study revealed that vast no of respondents (69.9%) were gratified with nursing care provided to them, while others out of 194 respondent, 44 participants are 60.9 % positively remarks that nurses are always cheerful towards the patient .They are mostly kind or soft hearted. 16.5% of 32 respondents are neutral about this question. And 22.7 % respondents 128/194 were having negative response for this statement.69.6% are satisfied and agree with the statement of this question because they thought that nursing is a noble profession and the nurses who works day and night for the well beings of the patient are admire able. Study results showed that mostly participants remained satisfied with care of nursing; consequently they recommended some development particularly with respect to the interpersonal relation. Additional research will be needed to study comprehensive socio cultural and environmental factor related to client gratification regarding nursing quality care

This research is to evaluate the bureaucracy reform program at State Personnel Agency. The evaluation focused on five stages, namely design, installation, process, product and benefit. Qualitative approach used in this research with using discrepansy evaluation model design. Data collecting with in-depth interview, observation and documentation study. Interview conducted with administrator and official of State Personnel Agency as a key informant. Data analyzed quantitatively through data reduction, data display, and conclussion drawing. The evaluation results toward the bureaucratic reform program at State Personnel Agency shows: (1) the program has been well defined which is indicated by an explanation of the urgency aspect, has clear goals and objectives, and equipped with key success indicator for measures program success, (2) the program has been well designed including the formulation of implementation guidelines, resource preparation, work programs, and evaluation and monitoring, (3) implementation of eight areas of changes which cover organizational structuring, structuring of governance management system, structuring of human resources management system, harmonization of legislation, strengthening of supervision, strengthening of performance accountability, public services, mindset and work culture is good. Although generally good, but has not shown the ideal conditions if associated with position of State Personnel Agency as a pioneer and role model for the ministries or other institutions in the implementation of bureaucratic reform program, (4) the implementation of the bureaucratic reform program has given positive results in the improvement of the quality of clean bureaucracy and free of corruption, collusion and nepotism, the quality of public services, and the capacity and performance accountability, and (5) the implementation of bureaucratic reform programs can provide positive benefits in improving bureaucratic governance, enhance the positive image and improve the apparatus job performance. Therefore, State Personnel Agency needed to improve the implementation of bureaucracy reform program continuously in order to achieve the optimal results.

The study presents gamification as a tool for customer engagement. The study empirically attempts to find wards (Story Theme, Feedback, Rewards, Progress, Challenge, Points, Leader Boards, Badges, Levels and Clear Goals) that are mostly preferred by the users and their further interest in continuing with the same website/app/game. With the changing needs of consumers the marketers are finding better ways of engaging customers. As a known fact if an adult is asked his preference of work and games, the answer many times would be games. Now in this digital era an increasing number and variety of business applications are integrating game mechanics, or gamification, to improve user engagement, engage new customers, incent employees, build loyalty, and more. Now, users are competing against each other for points, or badges or to be known as a leader. The study, also attempts to find if the type of motivation (extrinsic and intrinsic) will have any influence on the choice of the awards. This study also focuses on the influence of the demographic variables on the choice of awards.