This work is aimed at examining the effect of heavy metal concentration on surface water quality. This study was concentrated on the lower Niger River from Illah through Asaba/Onitsha to Okpai (Lat 6o 25' to Lat 5o 40' N and longitude 6o 37' to 6o 47' E). The data collected from water and were analyzed for the heavy metals (Zn, Cu, Pb, Cd, Ni, Fe, Mn and Co) using urican 929 Atomic Absorption Spectrophotometer. The results showed that Turbidity, BOD, TSS, hydrocarbon, coliform, magnesium and iron concentrations in the sampled settlement did not meet the WHO (2010) threshold for drinking water quality. The following conclusions were reached; the Niger River water must be treated before drinking, to remove or reduce the amount of non-essential or essential heavy metal and eating of fish species that have bio-accumulated heavy metals above the WHO limits for consumption must be prohibited or discouraged. Also, further studies should be carried out to monitor the heavy metal concentration in the lower Niger River and to identify the point sources of entry; and various contributors to the contamination of the River Niger. Heavy metals have however been grouped into two categories – Essential and Non-Essential. Zinc, Iron, Manganese, Copper and Cobalt are essential and beneficial elements but become toxic when their concentrations exceed those required for normal life Lead, Arsenic, Beryllium, and Mercury are non-essential and are not required in biological systems because they are toxic. The following recommendations were made; frequent environmental monitoring (at least twice a year) must be conducted to know levels of heavy metals contamination especially of the aquatic systems; Education of the neighbouring populace on protection of the environment through various technical programmes may very useful; The Niger River water must be treated before drinking, to remove or reduce the amount of non-essential or essential heavy metal such as Cr and Fe; The eating of fish species that have bio accumulated heavy metals above the WHO limits for consumption must be prohibited or discouraged; Further studies should be carried out to monitor the heavy metal concentration in the lower Niger river and to identify the point sources of entry; but, the result of this study should form the baseline data for the assessment of the various contributors to the contamination or otherwise of the River Niger. Thus, the pollution trends in the future can easily be monitored.

This paper presents the results of an empirical and theoretical literature review to effects of business records in business profitability in SMEs. Three research questions are addressed: how business records contributed towards business performance of SMEs? What types of records they kept and is used in the day-to-day business operations? The research questions are underpinned by Records Continuum Model. Results show that business records in Tanzania had no positive impact on business profitability because of how the records were created and the value attach to record keeping, resulted from the lack of records management policies; inadequate staff capacity, limited awareness about the value of sound records management; and inadequate budgets. As a result, decisions are made without full information about business transactions. Besides, the absence of systematic record keeping and controls leaves scope for corruption and collusion between business officials and business owners and employees as well as the chamber of commerce. The ISO 15489-1 is presented as the key best practice mechanism for enhancing sound records management that the Tanzania SMEs may espouse. The subject matter of this paper is aimed at influencing policy and practice, especially with regard to the provision of the appropriate competencies and skills needed for sound management of court records to enhance accountability, transparency and service delivery.

This study examines the pattern of stock returns in the Indonesian stock market. Using the GARCH (1, 1) model, the study investigates the effects of day-ofthe-week, month-of-the-year and monthly on the daily return series from January 2003 to August 2008. The study also examines the combined effect of the three anomalies. Overall, stock returns are found to be lower at the beginning of the week but closed higher by the end of the week. The stock returns are also found to be lower during the first quarter of the year but they register higher returns throughout the remaining months of the year, particularly towards the end of the year. The stock returns consistently produced significant positive returns on Wednesday throughout the month of April and May. Although evidence of significant positive returns is also found on other days within certain months, they do not prevail throughout the entire month. They are confined either to the first or second half of the month. The presence of seasonal effects in the Indonesian stock market indicates that market participants have the chance of making significant returns when trading on the specific days of the months. However, the abnormal gains are subject to the transaction cost which is not accounted for in this study.

Abstract: The aim of the paper/study was to investigate categories, causes and consequences of risks in sports identified by Sports administrators in State Sports Councils, South East, Nigeria. In order to achieve the research objectives, three research questions guided the study. The study adopted descriptive survey research design and use one hundred and fifty-five sports administrators (Directors of sports, organizing secretaries and coaches) as population and sample for the study. Structured and validated questionnaire was used for data collection and all statistical analysis was done using Statistical Package for Social Sciences (SPSS) version 21. Hundred and thirty-five copies of the questionnaire were used for data analysis because other copies suffered mortality. Mean scores were used to answer the research questions using 2.50 as the criterion mean. From the results, risk of injury, risks of financial loss and risk of damaging sports facilities were identified by the sports administrators as risks in sports with risk of injury as the most occurred risk. Also, the sports administrators identified the cause and consequences they encounter in their various sports councils depending on the category of risk. The study concluded that sports administrators in State Sports Councils, South East, Nigeria, know the pertinent risks they encounter as they discharge their duties and cause and effects of such risks.

Content digitization is a current phenomenon that has had a huge impact on traditional media. The era of globalization has had significant effect on the way media houses the world over strive to reach their audience and especially given that the world is so interconnected to a point that any happening in one continent has a significant effect in the most remote location in another continent. This has led to innovations such as the use of E-Paper that’s geared towards reaching larger audiences by media houses as well as remain competitive in this era of great competition and liberalization of the economy. The purpose of this study was therefore to determine the effect of EPaper subscription on the revenue performance of the Standard Media Group Limited, Nairobi. The study was guided by the Schumpeter’s innovation theory of entrepreneurship. Descriptive survey research design was adopted. Both primary and secondary data were collected. Primary data was collected by the use of a questionnaire while Secondary data sought historical data on the organisational revenues by department and on the profitability of the organisation for the past twentyfive years between 1991 and 2016. The target population included all the 202 members of staff in the Commercial and Online departments at Standard Media Group, Nairobi. The researcher drew a proportional random sample of 30% of the respondents from the two departments who provided the information required. Data was processed and analysed using descriptive and inferential statistics with the help of the Statistical Package for Social Sciences version 22 and Microsoft’s Excel 2013 to generate Frequencies, percentages and regression that were used to answer the research questions. Findings were presented using appropriate tables and graphs that depicted the relationship between the dependent variable and the independent variables. It was established that the rate of revenue growth in the e-paper platform was exponential, and was highly co-related to the overall organizational revenue, and that the combined revenue from the e-paper, and other aspects of digital content provision had exponentially grown from nil in 2009 to over KES 120 million 2016. Further research is suggested on the effect of content digitization on the operational and revenue performance of print media at Standard Media Group, and on the effect of content digitization on revenue performance of the other media houses in Kenya.

Over the course of the last three decades agile project management has by far become the preferred approach to project management being employed by today’s organisations. The online and fast paced nature of today's market place has meant that organisations need to be able to deliver their projects much quicker and in shorter time frames then in previous times. A new way of working has meant that existing areas of project management have needed to evolve to align with this new way of working. One such area is that of risk management. Risk management plays an integral role in the success both of a project and the organisation itself. This manuscript aims to review how risk management can be performed within an agile project management framework.

Abstract: Syndrome Z is defined as the co-occurrence of obstructive sleep apnea (OSA) and metabolic syndrome. There is a paucity of information on the magnitude of syndrome Z in the community and the factors associated with it. Obstructive sleep apnea (OSA) has been linked to increased cardiovascular morbidity and mortality from both coronary heart disease and stroke [1-3] but whether this risk is due to coexistent known cardiovascular risk factors or specific effects of OSA remains to be established. In populations at risk of vascular disease, many patients who experience a cardiovascular event either do not have identifiable risk factors or have disease severity which appears to be out of proportion to their known risk factors. A lot of the variance in the incidence of vascular disease is therefore not explained by known risk factors. It is possible that OSA is a cardiovascular risk factor, previously largely unrecognized, which may account for some of the apparently unexplained variance in vascular risk. Systemic hypertension during daytime measurements of blood pressure is common in patients with OSA [8] but a causal link between these two conditions has been disputed [2, 3]. Sleep apnea has been shown to be common in patients with hypertension [8-11] and, conversely, patients with OSA have a high prevalence of hypertension [1, 5]. The frequency with which risk factors for hypertension such as increasing age and obesity coexist in patients with OSA has confounded identification of a causal relationship between OSA and hypertension.

The study is an ecotoxicological evaluation of commercial fish farm in Ogbogoro (OGB), Rivers State Nigeria using anatomical/macro morphological assessment of Clarias gariepenus, and African Aquaculture Centre (ARAC) as a the reference site. The sampling involved harvesting of table-sized fish: twenty fishes from OGB and ten fishes from ARAC. The gross anatomy (fish necropsy) involved the determination of Fish Biometry (Condition factor, CF and Organosomatic Indices, OSI) and Health assessment index (HAI). Showed that: fishes from OGB were less healthy based on the CF; OGB were less Healthier based on OSI; OGB fishes were less Healthier based on HAI when compared to fishes from ARAC. It was concluded from the study that the fishes from Ogbogoro fish farm had certain level of pollution though considered to be moderate at the time of the study.

Abstract: Lipoprotein (a) is independently associated with Atherosclerotic Cardiovascular Disease (ASCVD) and is referred to as the most atherogenic lipoprotein. It is synergistic with the effects of low density lipoprotein cholesterol (LDL-C). Unlike other major classes of lipoproteins that have a normal distribution in the population, plasma levels of Lipoprotein (a) / Lp (a) have a skewed distribution towards the lower end with 85% population having concentration <30 mg/dL. The aim of present study is to estimate the level of serum Lp(a) in cerebrovascular diseases or Strokes. The study was conducted in the Department of Medicine, Department of Biochemistry, Sushila Tiwari Memorial Hospital, the teaching hospital of Uttaranchal Forest Hospital Trust (UFHT) Medical College, Haldwani (Nainital), Uttarakhand, on patients of cerebrovascular disease (CVD) which included estimation of Lp(a) and lipid profile (TC, TG, HDLc, LDLc, VLDLc) test. Out of the 17 women and 36 men in whom Lp (a) was measured, 2 women (mean age63.5 years) and 21 men (59years) had CVD (CVD(+), while 15 women (50.13 years) and 15 men (52.33 years) had no CVD [CVD(–)]. As shown in Table 1, there were no significant differences between women with or without CVD in age and concentration of total plasma cholesterol. The study was based on a small sized cohort of 23 cases suffering from (CVD) out of which 21 were males and 2 were females. Thirty (30) healthy subjects were taken as controls, who were not suffering from any disease, which may affect serum lipid levels and without any history of cerebrovascular disease. Total-C, LDLc, VLDLc, Triglyceride, HDLc, LDL/HDL, Cholesterol/HDL and Lp(a) were estimated in all the cases.

This research aims to see the accountability of madrasah heads in carrying out the task to manage the education madrasah financing to be the best in implementing process of education and teaching in order to create quality students and able to compete in national and international forums. The management of education funds must be implemented properly and correctly because the fund is the key to success in an institution, so that the target funds of the institution being effective then the manager must be able to do budgeting, accounting, organizing and auditing so that the goal of education is achieved well. Research approach used is descriptive qualitative approach. Data collection techniques using observation, interviews, and documentation, data analysis using cress well model, spread miles Huberman model data analysis in progress or flow. Data analysis techniques using domain analysis, taxonomy, compositional, cultural themes and data presentation of data triangulation. This research is head of madrasah Jambi province which not fully accountable in management of education fund because to manage education fund is not run based on what have been determined.

Blunt abdominal trauma presents a challenge for diagnosis because it may be associated with multiple organ injuries thus physical examination alone may result in an improper diagnosis. Ultrasonography is one of the important tools in the examination of such patients. The aim of the present study was to determine the accuracy of Focused Assessment Sonography for Trauma [FAST technique] in blunt abdominal trauma patients. Methods: The study involved 120 Abdominal trauma patients admitted to Prathima Institute of Medical Sciences and Hospital. Every patient was examined by abdominal sonography in those patients who required urgent management because of serious injuries were excluded from the study. All the patients based on clinical assessments were suspected of abdominal trauma. The sonographies were done using the FAST technique “Focused Assessment Sonography for Trauma" in which six areas of the abdomen were examined. Results: Out of the 120 patients 94 were diagnosed as positive after abdominal sonography out of which 73 were confirmed as positive by CT, DPL, and explorative laparotomy and remaining 21 were found to be negative. Similarly out of 24 diagnosed as negative by sonography 2 were found to be positive by CT, DPL, and explorative laparotomy. The mean sensitivity in all patients was found to be 97.33% with 95% Confidence Interval ranging from 90.70% - 99.68%, the specificity was 53.33% 95% CI 37.87% - 68.34%, the positive predictive value PPV was 77.66% range 71.73% - 82.64% the negative predictive value NPV was 92.31% range 74.85% - 97.98%, the overall accuracy was 80.33% and range was 72.64% - 87.44%. Conclusion: within the limitations of the present study it can be concluded that abdominal ultrasonography with FAST technique is fairly reliable and accurate method of evaluation in blunt abdominal trauma. Abdominal ultrasonography is a valuable tool after clinical examination of the patients with blunt abdominal trauma. It has a relatively high negative predictive value that prevents the patients from undergoing unnecessary tests after blunt abdominal injuries.

The production and consumption of building materials have increased to leaps and bounds in the past few decades due to tremendous increase in population. As the production of building materials gets increased, generation of waste materials such as fibers, granules, ashes, effluents etc. also gets increased. Nowadays wastes of different types are being used effectively in concrete either partially and fully which helps in making of green concrete. Fiber reinforced concrete is a special type of concrete in which natural or synthetic fibers with different aspect ratios are used to eliminate or reduce crack formation and to improve various mechanical strength properties when mixed along with fly ash, silica fumes etc. in optimal dosages. In order to study the influence of waste on various strength properties of cement concrete, different dosages of cement are replaced with fly ash and also with coconut fiber or wollastonite fiber were added. The compressive strength, split tensile strength and flexural strength were experimentally evaluated and modulus of elasticity was empirically determined. Based on the test results, the concrete with 20% replacement of cement with fly ash and fiber revealed effective results when compared to concrete without fiber. Coconut fiber along with minimum dosages of fly ash has greatly improved the flexural strength on the other hand it reduces other mechanical properties at higher dosages. Combination of Wollastonite fiber with fly ash helps in the improvement of overall mechanical strength of cement concrete.

The challenge for today is not just retaining talented people, but fully engaging them, capturing their mind and hearts at every stage of their work lives. Employee engagement has emerged as a crucial driver of business success in today’s competitive marketplace. Further, employee engagement can be a key factor in organizational success. Not only does engagement have the potential to significantly affect employee retention strategy, productivity and loyalty, it is also a key connect to customer satisfaction, company reputation and overall stakeholder value. Thus, to gain a competitive edge, organizations are looking to HR to set the agenda for employee engagement and commitment. Employee engagement is rightly a property of the relationship between an organization and its employees. An "engaged employee" is defined as the one who is fully absorbed by and enthusiastic about their work and so takes positive action to further the organization's reputation and interests. Employee engagement is a way ahead to business success. An engaged workplace is one encourages commitment, energy and productivity from all those involved to help improve and achieve business performance. Employee engagement is about linking on our employees’ knowledge and ideas to improve our products and services, and be innovative. Employee engagement is about indulging a deeper commitment from our employees so fewer leave, sick absence reduces, accident rates decline, conflicts and grievances go down, productivity increases. Employee engagement is about organisation actions that are consistent with the organisation’s values. This paper is an attempt to review the available literature in the field of employee engagement which are in the form of models and draw conclusions on the available gap. It is purely based on secondary data

Background: Like in other developing countries, cancer of cervix is one of the leading malignancies in women in Nepal. In Nepal cervical pap-smear screening is not done my most of woman due to lack of awareness. The objective of this study is to find the prevalence of abnormal cervical epithelial lesions. This was a retrospective study of 396 conventional cervical Pap smears reported from the Department of Pathology, Birat Medical College in Biratnagar, Nepal. The time period was from March 2016 to March 2018. We used Bethesda system to report our all our slides. We used the pap stain to use the slide. All the case was reviewed by consultant pathologist of Birat medical college. Total cases were 396 in two year period in which 396 cases were satisfactory for evaluation and 20 cases were unsatisfactory for evaluation which is due to thick neutrophilic exudates, mucous, degenerative cells and hemorrhage. Out 0f 396 cases 7 cases is ASCUS that is 1.76%,4 cases is LSIL that is 1.01%,3 cases is HSIL that is 0.75%,1 cases is SCC that is 0.25%.Negative for intraepithelial lesion and malignancy is 381 that is 98.21%

The purpose of this research is to analyze the business model of waste bank through partnership as bank agent to increase: the business competitiveness, member's income and management, and profitability of waste bank. The method used is the analysis of Strength-Weakness-Opportunity-Threats ( SWOT ) using IFAS, EFAS and SFAS matrices as well as query analysis and then build an existing model of financial information and development a models using Business Model Canvas (BMC) consists of Customer Segment, Customer Relationship, Customer Channel , Revenue Streams, Value Proposition, Key Activities, Key Resource, Cost Structure, and Key Partners. The research result of waste bank condition in quadrant III (third) mean Company faced bigger market opportunity, but there is internal constraint, company focus is to minimize internal constraint by giving management training, entrepreneurship, accounting, finance, production and marketing, and exploiting opportunity to become as a bank agent.