Staphylococcus aureus is a common bacterium that affects humans and causes several syndromes and infections with fast evolution which can endanger the patient's life. Investigate the incidence of nasal carriers of S. aureus among graduation nursing students who attends to the hospital for at least one year. 122 samples from the nasal cavities were analyzed. The identification of the bacteria was performed by conventional bacteriological methods. The antimicrobial susceptibility tests were performed using the BioMerieux Vitek system in the Bacteriology Laboratory of the Brazilian Army Biology Institute - IBEx. Of the 122 examined students, 51 were carriers of S. aureus, corresponding to a prevalence of 41.8%. The results demonstrated that nursing students who attend the hospital environment are more susceptible to carry S. aureus antibiotic-resistant strains. We suggest periodic medical exams to these students for appropriated antibiotic therapy and adopt precautionary measures in order to avoid the interpersonal transmission of the bacteria in the relationship with health professionals and patients at the hospital environment

The principle of the minimally invasive technique is to implant specific bony plate which is fixed across fractures via small incisions of the skin, muscle, and periosteum. The aim of the study was to find the functional outcomes in patients treated with proximal humerus fractures with a minimally invasive technique using locking compression plates. Methods: The cross-sectional study was conducted in the Department of Orthopedics, Prathima Institute of Medical Sciences, Nagunur, Karimnagar. A total of 39 patients were included in the study. The patients were selected using the inclusion criteria and they underwent operations under general anesthesia followed by early mobilization and follow up at the intervals of 3 months, 6 months and 12 months to evaluate functional outcomes according to Constant-Murley criteria. Results: The fractures were classified according to the NEER/AO/ASIF classification of fractures of the humerus. The type A fractures were found in 20 out of 39 patients 51.28% A1 fractures were in 8 patients A2 in 5 patients and A3 in 7 patients and 19 fractures were type B 48.72% and B1 and B3 had in 7 patients each and B2 had 5 patients. The mean Constant-Murley score was 89.25 points at the end of one year follow up in 2 part fractures. According to Constant-Murley score, 85% had an excellent outcome, 10% had a good functional outcome and 5% had moderate outcomes. All the fractures were united on an average time of 19 weeks (14-24). In the Three-part fractures, the average Constant-Murley score at the end of one year was 81 points. The Constant-Murley score showed 78.94% had excellent outcomes, 15% had a good functional outcome and 5.26% had a moderate outcome. Conclusion: Within the limitation of the present study it can be concluded that minimal invasive plate osteosynthesis with locking compression plate is a good technique for the treatment of proximal humerus fractures. It provides good stability, functional outcomes and minimal post-operative complications

Dermatoglyphics is the branch of science concerned with the study of prints on the fingers, palm, soles, and feet. This branch of science is an offshoot of anatomical sciences. Dermatoglyphics as an aspect of science has been studied widely by lots of ardent researchers and have been used to solve lots of problems relating to peoples’ identity and ancestry. Although, dermatoglyphics can be studied at three levels (1, 2, and 3) only level 1 (arches, loops, and whorls) have been explored. 99.9% of the works on dermatoglyphics is at level 1 but no Nigerian indigenous works have been done at level 2 (bifurcations, trifurcations, bridges, ridge ending, enclosures, dots, opposed bifurcations, double bifurcations, island etc). This raises the question, what about level 2 and 3 study? There exist a large vacuum at level 2 dermatoglyphics which should be filled by researchers especially indigenous authors which will help create database for level 2 details in Nigerian population. This to large extent could be used to solve problems relating to ancestral origin which has become an issue in most African populations especially Nigeria. This review serves to help provide a step by step procedure to doing a study on dermatoglyphics at level 2 in Nigerian indigenous populations and Africa at large. The review of papers on this subject serves to expose the gap in this area as compared to the several works done at level 1 and to spore researchers to do more studies on this subject to raise an indigenous data bank for Nigerian populations

Suxamethonium is the drug of choice for muscle relaxation for endotracheal intubation with its rapid onset and short duration of action. The newly introduced non-depolarizing drug rocuronium has got rapid onset and intermediate duration of action. The aim of the present study was to compare the intubating conditions of rocuronium bromide with suxamethonium chloride. Aim: To compare the onset and duration of action of Rocuronium Bromide and Suxamethonium Chloride. Methods: it is prospective randomized controlled study carried on 90 adult patients with age groups of 20-60 years of either sex. They were posted for elective surgery in MGM’s Hospital Aurangabad. They were randomly divided into two groups of (n=45) each. Group I (R) patients received rocuronium at the dose of 0.9mg/Kg and Group II(S) patients received suxamethonium at the doses of 1.5mg/Kg. Results: In Group I (R) group there were 14 (31%) male patients and female were 31 (69%). In group II (S) there were 14 (31%) male and female were 31 (69%). In group II (S) suxamethonium showed acceptable intubating conditions in 100% of cases at 60 sec out of which 93.24% were excellent. In rocuronium group I(R) 100% cases had acceptable intubating conditions at 60 seconds out of which 77.7% excellent and 22.3% had good intubating conditions the P values were significant. In both the groups there was no significant difference jaw relaxation as well as vocal cord movements. There was the significant difference in response to intubation in Rocuronium group 6 (13%) patients had a mild cough on intubation whereas no patient in suxamethonium group II had any cough. In the Group I 24% patients had slight diaphragmatic movements on intubation and in group II 11% had diaphragmatic movements. There was no significant rise in HR difference in group I and group II preoperative, post muscle relaxant, 0 minutes after intubation, 5 minutes after intubation, and 10 minutes after intubation. Conclusion: Rocuronium bromide at the dose of 0.9 mg/Kg produces excellent and good intubating conditions in patients although slightly inferior to that provided by the Suxamethonium 1.5mg/Kg but there is more hemodynamic stability with rocuronium then suxamethonium. Therefore Rocuronium bromide may be considered as safe and good alternative to suxamethonium for endotracheal intubation. Hence rocuronium bromide can be used for a rapid sequence of induction and intubation if there is no prediction of difficult intubation

The purpose of the study was to find out whether school feeding programme affect retention of learners in primary school education. The study was done in 10 primary schools in Mogotio Division. The unit of analysis constituted of 70 respondents (Head teacher/ Heads of school feeding program, Teachers, parent representatives and pupils). Purposive random sampling was used in this case whereby all the 70 respondents were picked to fill the questionnaire. Descriptive statistics analysis was used whereby the SPSS (Statistical Package for Social Sciences) programme is used. On retention, the study concludes that there were transfer cases in the center. Most parents take their children to private schools citing many reasons, which range from poor performance in public early childhood education centres, poor teaching methods, lack of skilled staff in public centres, and to a little extent due to poor feeding habits in the local primary schools. The findings of this study may be of use to the various primary schools for it would assist them understand better the issues related to school feeding programmes. This would see school managers in the various centres provide learners with balanced feeding programs and create awareness to parents on its importance to proper learning and holistic development of their children. The study would also go a long way to helping the government in making relevant policy to safeguard the wellbeing of primary school learners by providing well balanced feeding programs to these centres as well as budgetary allocation to the same.

Psoriasis is a common chronic, recurrent, immune mediated disease of the skin and joints. It can have a significant negative impact on the physical, emotional and psychosocial wellbeing of affected patients. Many Ayurvedic texts have explained skin diseases, which resembles Psoriasis. According these references, Psoriasis can be considered as the vitiation of Vata and Kapha. The “wrong diet” is the major link for disease manifestation. Hence elimination of this „wrong diet‟ & implementation of corrective diet plays a major role in breaking the „Samprapti‟. The Dietary interventions for Psoriasis or any skin disease can have the following seven components- Nidana Parivarjana, Avashta anusara ahara sevana, Matra consideration, avoiding unwholesome diet, observing proper mental status during food intake, Prescription of specific disease related diet, and very important one- Education about Aahara. The article intends to uplift the importance of holistic approach towards diet prescription rather than only disease specific diet.

India is a tropical country where skin diseases like fungal infections, pyoderma, acne, scabies etc. are very common. A large number of dermatological preparations are available in Indian market but studies on the price variation between commonly used topical brands are lacking. Hence the present study was carried out to obtain information on the price variation among different brands of anti-infective, anti-acne & analgesic topical preparations present in India. Information about dosage forms and prices of different brands of commonly used topical preparations was obtained from Current Index of Medical Specialties & Drug Update. Number of brands, percentage price variation, cost ratio etc for various drugs and combinations were calculated. There were total 206 brands manufactured by 52 different pharmaceutical companies of 35 drugs, out of which 24 showed more than 50% cost variation. Largest price variations were seen with mupirocin 2% cream (408.33 %), tazarotene 0.05% gel (183.8%) and diclofenac diethylammonium 1% gel (650 %) in single drug categories & gentamicin 0.1% + clobetasol 0.05% cream (308.82 %) among all fixed dose combinations. Least variation was observed for salicylic acid 2% foam (4.76 %) and terbinafine 1% + ofloxacin 0.75% + ornidazole 2% + clobetasol 0.05% cream (5.69 %). Cost of drugs play a crucial role in treatment outcome by directly influencing the patient compliance. Hence, it is essential to train physicians about cost variations among different brands available in the market so that they can reduce financial burden of patients without compromising the effectiveness of therapy.

Optimal management sequence for the primary tumor and the liver in synchronous colorectal liver metastases (SCLM) is still controversial. Except reviews, studies comparing the 3 surgical approaches are infrequent. The present study aimed to describe the surgical management of patients operated of SCLM. In particular, we compared short-term outcomes and survival according to the surgical strategy. A multicentric retrospective study was conducted on 125 patients with SCLM. Surgical strategy was defined as classic (colorectal first approach), combined and reverse (liver-first approach). Between 2008 and 2013, 87 patients completed the classic strategy, 24 combined strategy and 14 reverse strategy. The 3 groups were comparable regarding pre-operative data. Liver metastases involvement was significantly higher in reverse group. Severe cumulative postoperative morbidity was 39.2%, similar between the 3 strategies. Ninety-day mortality was higher in combined group (12.5%, p>0.05). Failure rate of liver first approach was 17%. The 3-year overall survival (OS) was 73% in classic group, 78% in combined group and 93% in reverse group. The 3-year disease free survival (DFS) was 29%, 30% and 19% for classic, combined and reverse strategy respectively. There was no significant difference with regard to OS and DFS between 3 groups. We demonstrated that liver first approach is safe and feasible with acceptable perioperative and survival outcomes despite initially worse prognostic criteria. Reverse strategy can be applied to a vast majority of patients independently to the liver tumor burden and should be considered progressively as a reference in the management of SCLM

Ocular diseases have been documented as the most common health problems universally. Most of the chemicals and synthetic drugs currently in use have marked side effects. Hence, there has been an ideal shift from the use of modern drugs to the age old herbs. Randia dumetorum Lamk is one such important plant with various established medicinal properties. The aim of the present study was to evaluate the preliminary antibacterial activity of methanolic extract of Randia dumetorum Lamk. (Xeromphis spinosa Thumb) Against common ocular pathogens such as Serratia marcescens, S. agalactiae, Corynebacterium macbinleys and Propionibacterium acnes. Methanolic extract of the dried fruits of the plant was prepared. Different concentrations of the dried fruit extracts (R. dumetorum) were transferred to the nutrient agar plates, which had been previously inoculated with the test microorganisms. The plates were incubated at 37°C for 24 h in an incubator and the zones of inhibition were measured using well diffusion method. The extract showed potential antibacterial properties comparable with that of the standard streptomycin against the organisms tested. The methanol extract of R. dumetorum displayed a concentration related antibacterial activity. The results showed that the inhibition of the bacterial growth was more pronounced on Corynebacterium macbinleys as compared to the other tested organisms

The current clinical study was planned to assess the efficiency of Jeemootakaphala Avapeedaka and Pradhamana Nasya in Kosthashakhashrita kamala. The study was completed on 30 patients diagnosed with Kosthashakashrita kamala of either sex, among the age faction of 20 to 60 years who were arbitrarily chosen. The patients were categorized into 2 groups i.e Group A & group B. Jeemootaka phala Avapeedaka Nasya was given to group A, while Jeemootaka phala Pradhamana Nasya was administered in group B. The dosage of Nasya was -1.5 ml in every nostril in group A, 65 mg in every nostril in group B. The evaluation was made before the treatment and after treatment. Patients were followed up after 7 days of Nasya. Hence whole study period was 15 days. Both Nasya showed considerable improvement in Kosthashakhashrita kamala. Clinical efficiency of group A was better than to group B however statistically both groups showed similar efficacy.

The aim of this study was to examine the effect of leadership style, organizational culture, and achievement motivation toward qari’ (man reciter of al-Qur’an) and qari'a (woman reciter of al-Qur’an) organizational commitment at LPTQ (The Institution for the Development of Tilawatil Qur'an) in Riau islands area. This research particularly was conducted separately on three parts of region namely; in the center, Province of Riau Islands (City of Batam); in the western region (Karimun Regency); and in the eastern region (Tanjung Pinang City). Survey method applied in this study along with path analysis used in hypothesis testing. The total of respondents amounted to 204, but only 186 in a number of respondents who returned the sheet of questionnaires. The total respondents for trials were as many as 30 participants. Each region was represented by 10 respondents, Alpha Cronbach formula used in these trials. The results revealed that there were a positive influence and significant: 1) Leadership style on qari' and qari's Organizational Commitment. 2) Organizational Culture on qari' and qari's Organizational Commitment. 3) Significant Leadership style on Achievement Motivation. 4) Leadership style, Organizational Culture on Achievement Motivation. 5) Leadership style, Organizational Culture and Achievement Motivation towards qari’ and qari'a Organizational Commitment in Riau Islands. The study concluded that: There were direct influences of leadership style, organizational culture and achievement motivation towards the organizational commitment of qari’ and qaria’. Based on the calculation of path analysis obtained Fobtained (24,69) > Ftable (2.67). So H0 was rejected and Hi was accepted. It meant that the style of leadership, organizational culture, and achievement motivation gave a significant influence on the commitment of the qari and qari’a organization.

Taking the position that writing can be an important skill to foster knowledge building pedagogy; this article explores reading news through mobile applications as a supportive tool for this purpose. Fifteen language learners as participants of the experimental group used two popular news applications on their mobile phones for reading as a pre-task activity that made them outperform their counterparts in the control group in terms of using facts in essays. No significant difference, however, was observed in the overall writing ability of two groups despite considerable progress of the variable content in the experimental group’s favor.

Calcitonin is a sensitive tumor marker for medullary thyroid cancer and is useful in preoperative diagnosis and postoperative surveillance for recurrent disease. Rare cases of medullary carcinomas with a normal or undetectable calcitonin levels have been reported in the literature. We present the case of a 46-year-old woman with a metastatic thyroid carcinoma non-secreting calcitonin

This research investigates the impact of the global financial crisis on the performance of Nigerian stock market from 2004 to 2013. The main aim of the research was to examine the impact of global financial crisis on the performance of the N.S.E. Data for this research was sourced from a secondary source. The data were statistically analyzed using descriptive analysis and Kruskal-Wallis H test statistical tools. The analysis showed that Global Financial Crisis has no significant effect on Market Capitalization, value and volume of shares traded on the floor of the N.S.E. From the analysis, the researcher concludes that Global Financial Crisis has no significant effect on market capitalization, value of shares traded and the volume of shares traded in Nigerian stock exchange.

Solid lipid nanoparticles (SLNs) are at the rapidly developed field of nanotechnology with a few potential applications in drug delivery, clinical medication and research, and additionally in other distorted sciences. Because of their small size-subordinate properties, lipid nanoparticles offer the likelihood to grow new therapeutics. The capacity to loaded drugs into nanocarriers offers another model in drug delivery that could be utilized for optional and tertiary levels of drug targeting on. Consequently, SLNs hold extraordinary advantage for achieving the objective of controlled and site specific drug delivery and henceforth have pulled in wide consideration of analysts. The current review describes the role of solid lipid nanoparticles on the pharmacokinetics of poorly soluble antihypertensive drugs. In the event that suitably examined, solid lipid nanoparticles may open new areas in treatment of hypertension with improved oral delivery