This study’s aim was to establish the relationship between peer pressure and high-risk sexual behavior among high school students in Kenya. Twenty-eight students were sampled per school from form 1 to 4, which summed to 138 students in Nakuru East Sub County. Primary data was gathered from the 138 students through a structured questionnaire. Interviews were conducted to the school head teacher. Only 120 respondents were able to fill in the questionnaires.This meant that the response rate was 87.6%. The focus group discussions were done successfully as well as the interviews scheduled with the head teachers. Quantitative data was analyzed through statistical package for social sciences (SPSS) using cross tabulation and chi-square to determine response frequency and percentage. Cross tabulation was used to analyze the variables using tables and was supported by qualitative data. The Pearson Chi Square was 0.00 indicating that peer pressure influenced high-risk sexual behavior among high school students in Nakuru East Sub County, Kenya. The study found that peer pressure influenced the students’ decisions on sex and relationships. The study concluded that peer pressure was an influence to high-risk sexual behaviour among high school students and the youth in general. It influenced the decisions they made on dating, sexual relationships, and sex. The study recommended that sex education should be included in the curriculum in order to help the students on gaining knowledge on life skills.

This study aims to examine and analyze the influence of motivational leadership and compensation on employee performance of PT XYZ. The sampling method used is a saturated sample. The population is 47 employees and the samples are all employees. The method of analysis used in this study is multiple linear regression. The results showed that leadership, motivation and compensation simultaneously have a significant effect on employee performance. Partially, leadership and motivation have a significant positive effect on performance. Motivation and compensation have a significant positive effect on performance.

The global HIV and AIDS pandemic have continued to change the lives of many people especially in Sub-Saharan Africa. Both boys and girls have been affected by this menace. However, girls face considerable vulnerabilities and risks than boys that affect their health, food security, education status and general well-being. It is therefore critical to intervene before these challenges that girls face result to outcomes that are irreversible. Many development partners, Non- governmental organizations, Faith based organizations, Community based organizations and the government are taking considerable effort in providing services to the vulnerable adolescent girls in different sectors which includes; educational assistance, health, food aid, material support and other HIV and AIDS mitigation programs. Despite these different interventions in responding to the needs of these children, there is however little evidence on the effectiveness of these interventions in improving the well- being of adolescent girls affected by HIV and AIDS. This study sought to determine the influence of food interventions in reducing the effects of HIV and AIDS among adolescent girls affected by HIV and AIDS in Ol-Joroorok Sub-County of Nyandarua County. The research adopted a descriptive research design to collect primary data to answer questions concerning the status of the issues under investigations. Cluster and purposive sampling was used. A sample population of 123 respondents was selected. Descriptive data was analyzed using percentages, tables and bar graphs. Statistical analysis was conducted using Pearson product-moment correlations and Pearson Chi-Square tests. Results of the study revealed that food interventions had significant relationship in reducing the effects of HIV and AIDS in adolescent girls.

Play is essential to development because it contributes, among other developments, to cognitive development to children and youth. Play also offers an ideal opportunity for parents to engage fully with their children. Despite the benefits derived from play for both children and parents, time for free play has been markedly reduced. The recent report from head teachers, class teachers and parents of children in schools in Kenya indicates that these children have been exhibiting increased learning difficulties, inability to solve simple problems associated with socialization and control of emotions, many cases of truancy, dropping out of school and aggressive behavior. This paper embarks on assessing the influence of play on cognitive development among primary school children at Kihingo Division, Njoro Sub-County of Nakuru County in Kenya. This study was guided by social cognitive theory and it targeted teachers and pupils from 18 public primary schools in the study area. Stratified random sampling design was adopted to sample 154 pupils from the 18 schools. Nasiuma’s formula was used to come up with an ideal and an appropriate sample size for the pupils. Questionnaires and interview schedule were used as the key data collection instruments. Questionnaires were used to collect data from the teachers while interview schedules were used to collect data from the pupils. Data was analyzed by use of descriptive statistics with the aid of Statistical Package for Social Sciences (SPSS Version 24) tool. Data was presented in graphs, pie chart and tables. From the findings the researcher concluded that children who are more engage in play are more decisive in their actions compared to less active children. From the findings, the researcher concluded that children who are more engage in play are more decisive in their actions compared to less active children. Playful children are more creative and innovative compared to less active children. The study recommends that the government and other education stakeholders partner to provide enough play and instructional materials to primary schools.

The universities are rich with research outputs due to their nature of teaching, research and development through the transfer of knowledge to the society, but the extent to which the research outputs are translated into socio-economic outcomes that benefit the society concerns the industry players. Of particular interest is the research dissemination process. The central question in this paper, therefore, is how does the dissemination process determine the utilization of universities’ research outputs by social service NGOs in Nakuru Town of Kenya? In order to answer this question, the study applied the Triple Helix Theory and the Diffusion of Innovation Theory. It utilized the descriptive survey design where data was collected from 30 managers from 30 social services Non-Governmental Organizations within Nakuru Town. Managers were selected from a list of social services NGOs provided by the National Council of NGOs Rift Valley Office using the simple random sampling technique. The questionnaire comprised of both open-ended and close-ended questions that were administered by the researcher. The data collected was analyzed mainly using the qualitative methods and minimal quantitative methods and presented using tables and graphs. The study results show that Journal and conferences are the main channels that these organization use to access research findings and that both had a positive influence on universities research utilization by the organizations. The study recommends that Universities encourage their researchers to disseminate their findings in open access online journal as they are cost effective.

This study sought to examine the link between customer role clarity and emergent change preparedness. Customer role clarity emanates from the experience that a customer obtains from a particular service provider to the extent of becoming a co-producer on their product. The complex nature of the organizations has led to the upsurge of the emergent change. These abrupt changes have left customers in a state of confusion and sometimes they abscond since they do not understand their roles in the organization. However, despite the effort put into obtaining more customers in the organization, the organization keeps on losing its grip on the customers when emergent change arises. This study adopted a census survey that was completed by all the 39 managers from Safaricom, Airtel and Telkom Telecommunication’s companies in Nakuru Sub County, Kenya. The study established a significant positive relationship between customer role clarity and emergent change preparedness. The results found a significant value of 0.002 which showed a statistically significant relationship of the study variables. The findings demonstrate that if telecommunication companies clearly defined the roles of the customers, they would be prepared for any emergent change that arises. The study lays a foundation through which customer role clarity is the backbone for the investigation of other customer participation strategies.

This paper presents an examination of the influence of leadership on change management in the office of Director of Public Prosecutions in Nakuru County. The study from which the paper is taken was based on stewardship theory. The target population comprised 3 Senior Assistant Deputy Prosecution counsels and 48 Assistant Prosecution counsels who are distributed across the three sub-branches. The study used descriptive survey research design while a census survey was adopted. Primary data was collected using structured questionnaires. Data was analyzed using both descriptive statistics such as percentages, means and standard deviations while inferential statistics methods included; correlation coefficient and chi- square. The research findings were presented inform of percentages, frequency distribution tables, and inferential statistics tables. The research findings indicate that there exists a significant, positive correlation between leadership and change management and that there exists a significant association between the two variables. It was concluded that leadership has a significant effect on change management and a positive non-causal relationship with change management in the office of director of public prosecutions in Nakuru County. It was found that the management team at ODPP does not interact or inspire the subordinates toward organizational objectives this may have affected less consideration by the management on human and emotional aspects of change during the change process. The regular communication by the management team on change management aspects and role played by the top management in administering the change process at ODPP has enhanced change management. It was recommended that the Office of Director of Public Prosecutions should ensure that there is cordial interaction between the management team and subordinate staff, toward achieving set organizational objectives on change management in ODPP.

In this study, the legislation applicable in Turkey for certain terms and phrases used in the labels of the food presentation was reviewed. Labeling of food should not be misleading in terms of the qualities of food. Accordingly, the trademark on the label of food should not refer to another product group in terms of name, expression, term and visuals of food, in particular nature, identity, characteristics, composition, and quantity, endurance, origin and production method of food. Geographical indications are given to natural products distinguished from others, identified with a distinctive character or reputation, and identified with the area or region in which they are located. The terms of traditional” can be only used for mentioned the terms of “traditional” foods according to published vertical food codex that is certain foods or food groups and for registered or will be registered products including the studies carried out in relation to the protection of traditional product name by the Turkish Patent Institute. In order to prevent counterfeiting of a similar product in association with the registered products, the studies have been continued by Republic of Turkey Ministry of Food, Agriculture and Livestock. The trademark on label of food should not refer another product group in terms of the name of the food, the expression, the terms and the visuals, especially the nature, identity, characteristics, composition, quantity, endurance, origin of production method of food. Food managements should not use misleading information about their productions. Otherwise, the administrative penalty is imposed according to the Turkish Food Codex Food Labeling and Consumer Information Regulation.

The study was conducted to determine the Etiological basis of dizziness in patients attending ENT clinics in Pakistan. It was a prospective, multicenter, observational, non-interventional, cross - sectional study conducted in five cities across Pakistan, between August, 2014 and March, 2015. The study population included male and female patients attending the outpatient clinics of ENT departments. The patient population was of 18 years of age or older presenting with dizziness. Based on the initial screening patients were diagnosed as vertiginous or non-vertiginous. Patients’ written authorization to use or disclose the patient’s personal or health data was obtained. Benign Paroxysmal Positional Vertigo was the commonest diagnosis (67%) followed by Meniere’s disease (16%) in patients who presented with vertigo attending outpatient departments in ENT Clinics. At baseline visit, 38.3% of the patients were categorized as moderately handicapped. Medication was offered to three quarter of the patient population (69%), while rest of the patients were offered maneuver and medication both (20.8%) and only maneuver (3.5%). DHI was used at the baseline visit and post treatment as well. It was observed in the study that the DHI score was significantly improved in all diagnosis groups after the treatment. At the end of four weeks majority of the patients were categorized mildly handicapped (91.3%). Majority of the patients diagnosed as BPPV were prescribed anti-vertiginous medicines (70%) followed by anti-emetics and pain killers. Amongst the patient reporting with dizziness the commonest diagnosis was Benign Positional Paroxysmal Vertigo followed by Meniere’s disease. Based on pre and post-treatment DHI scores, medication and medication with maneuver helped the patients presenting with dizziness in improvement of Quality of Life.

Excess free-radical formation has been hypothesized to contribute to cancer, atherosclerosis, aging, and exercise-associated muscle damage. Antioxidant supplements such as vitamin C, vitamin E, and beta-carotene have been touted as beneficial for enhancing exercise performance and for preventing certain diseases. Before physicians routinely recommend supplements to prevent exercise-associated damage, more study will be required. Recommendations for the prevention of cardiovascular disease and cancer are more complex. Because study results have been contradictory, individual supplement recommendations must be offered with caution. Physicians must be cognizant of which supplements patients are taking and be prepared to discuss risks and benefits. The most beneficial prescription is probably a daily diet containing five to seven servings of fruits and vegetables..Muscular exercise promotes the production of radicals and other reactive oxygen species in the working muscle. Growing evidence indicates that reactive oxygen species are responsible for exercise-induced protein oxidation and contribute to muscle fatigue. To protect against exercise-induced oxidative injury, muscle cells contain complex endogenous cellular defence mechanisms (enzymatic and non-enzymatic antioxidants) to eliminate reactive oxygen species. Furthermore, exogenous dietary antioxidants interact with endogenous antioxidants to form a cooperative network of cellular antioxidants. Knowledge that exercise-induced oxidant formation can contribute to muscle fatigue has resulted in numerous investigations examining the effects of antioxidant supplementation on human exercise performance. To date, there is limited evidence that dietary supplementation with antioxidants will improve human performance. Furthermore, it is currently unclear whether regular vigorous exercise increases the need for dietary intake of antioxidants. Clearly, additional research that analyses the antioxidant requirements of individual athletes is needed

Since the 21st century, the science and technology have developed by leaps and bounds. At the same time, with the increasing exchanges among countries in politics, culture, science and technology, trade and so on, cross-cultural communication has attracted more and more attention. It is worth noting that in the process of cross-cultural communication, due to the different cultures, mistakes, contradictions and conflicts are emerging. Different countries, different peoples have their own unique culture, so misunderstandings always happen. The different cultures, values and ways of thinking, often lead to the failure of communication, which seriously affects the efficiency of cross-cultural communication. Therefore, through the analysis of pragmatic failure in cross-cultural communication, this paper tries to find a solution to this problem.

DSM V has removed OCD from Anxiety disorder group and classified the disorders with similar clinical picture together under obsessive compulsive and related disorders (OCRD). The following disorders fall under this group. Obsessive compulsive disorder, Body dysmorphic disorder, Hoarding disorder, Trichotillomania, excoriation disorder, substance/ medication induced obsessive compulsive and related disorders. This study aims to assess sociodemographic factors, sex-specific occurrence of OCRD and psychiatric and neurodevelopmental comorbidities of OCRD in children attending a child guidance clinic of R.G Kar Medical college, Kolkata. The study has been done based on the register used to record the patient related data in the child guidance clinic. All cases aged up to 12 years of age, of both sexes, registered with any diagnosis under obsessive compulsive and related disorders from July, 2009 to June 2015 (6 years) were included in the study. Results and statistical analysis were done using SPSS 23. Total 684 cases attended the clinic. Of them number of children diagnosed with obsessive compulsive and related disorders was 48 (7.02%). Most patients were in the age group 8 – 12 years. In all age groups males were more in number than females. Among males most common disorder among Obsessive compulsive and related disorder was Tic Disorder (TD) and among female most common disorder was OCD (44.4%) and next was OCD with Tic disorder (33.3%). Most common comorbidity was Attention deficit hyperactivity disorder

Project Management in Guinea is growing rapidly such as in many developing countries. It’s heavily used now in diverse area such as in agriculture, construction, manufacturing, telecoms, IT, education, and so on. This high prevalence of making projects in various sectors determined the increasing importance of effective project management. Managing project rightly at a right time with multiple constraints (human and technical aspect) remains the main challenge for project managers. The relationship concerning successful project and the project success factors are topics of great interest in project management. The paper highlights the most Critical Success Factors (CSFs) through project planning, project top management support and stakeholder involvement in project implementation in Guinea.

Diabetes mellitus (DM) is commonly referred to as a “sugar” and it is the most common endocrine disorder and usually occurs when there is deficiency or absence of insulin or rarely, impairment of insulin activity (insulin resistance). The powdered leaves phoenix dactylifera was extracted with 400ml of 70 % v/v of ethanol and water for 5 hour in soxhelet. Alloxan monohydrate at a dose of 150 mg/kg injected intraperitonally for induction of diabetes mellitus. The extract of Phoenix dactylifera leaves was subjected to anti-diabetic activity in rats. Group-IV & Group-V received the ethanolic & aqueous extract of phoenix dactylifera leaves(500mg/kg) shown a marked reduction in blood glucose level on day 4th i.e. in ethanolic extract it was 284.76±mg/dl while in aqueous extract it was 264.76±6.65. On 10th day of study the glucose level falls up to 264.40±7.72 in ethanolic extract rat & 254.05±9.18 in aqueous extract. The results of the present study indicate that Phoenix dactylifera leaf extract was found to reduce the glucose level in animals made diabetic with alloxan. In the present investigation ethanolic extract of Phoenix dactylifera leaf showed significant anti-diabetic activity

Intravenous induction agents Propofol and Thiopentone are commonly used in obstetric anesthesia. We in the present study tried to compare the effects of Propofol and thiopentone on hemodynamics, Heart rate in the pregnant ladies undergoing Cesarean sections. Methods A total of 60 patients were included in the study. They were randomly divided into two groups. Propofol group (n=30) and Thiopentone group (n=30). The dosage was calculated to body weight 5mg/Kg for thiopentone and 2.5mg/Kg for Propofol. The mean induction time in Propofol group was 20.95 seconds and Thiopentone group as 26.5 seconds. There was smooth induction in 86.67% of the patients of Propofol group and 13.33% had disturbed induction. In the Thiopentone group, 76.67% had smooth induction and 23.33% had disturbed induction. No induction failure was encountered in this study and all patients were unconscious after 45 seconds. The total duration of surgery in propofol group was 70 ± 20 minutes and in thiopentone group was 85 ± 27. The time to extubation in Propofol group was 8.5 ± 2.60 and Thiopentone group was 7.0 ± 3.56. The Arterial Blood gas analysis after surgery shows average values of PaO2 in Propofol group and 87.5 ± 2.1 and thiopentone group 88.6 ± 1.8 and PaCO2 in propofol group 38.6 ± 2.05 and thiopentone 38.4 ± 2.5 mmHg. The mean SBP at the baseline of Propofol group was 124.05 ± 10.5 mmHg, while for Thiopentone group it was 124.05 ± 10.5 mmHg. The mean DBP at the baseline in propofol group was 76.5 ± 10.2 and thiopentone group was 78.8 ± 6.8. The heart rates were 80.5 ± 7.8 beats/min and 83.5 ± 8.8 beats/min in propofol and thiopentone group. The mean changes at the time of induction in heart rate of propofol group were 18 beats/min and the mean change of heart in thiopentone group was 23 beats/min. The mean SBP change during induction in Propofol group was -2.8mmHg and DBP change was -2.0 mmHg. In thiopentone group SBP change was -2.55mmHg and DBP change was -1.3 mmHg. Conclusion: Propofol has rapid actions and does not have any adverse effects on the CVS. The amount of pain produced due to propofol was also lesser compared to the thiopentone group and the induction was smooth in propofol group compared to thiopentone group and overall outcomes of Propofol were better than the Thiopentone group. Therefore propofol appears to better induction agent than thiopentone for obstetric anesthesia