Nasogastric tube feeding (NGT) is used for those patients who can-not sustain their oral requirements. Poor nursing adherence to evidence-based guidelines has negative consequences leading to higher mortality rates, delayed recovery and longer length of stay. Nurses play an intrinsic role in preventing these infections especially aspiration pneumonia by pursuing standard guidelines. Current study was designed to evaluate nurses’ knowledge and practices of NGT feeding in order to reduce complications. Cross-Sectional Descriptive Study design was proposed. Study population included 70 nurses working in three public sector hospitals in Lahore. Nurse’s knowledge was obtained using a self -structured questionnaire and their practices were recorded by direct observation through a checklist. Data was analyzed using SPSS 20. Data was represented in the forms of figures and tables. By knowledge and practice 60% secured under satisfactory level. Nasogastric tube feeding is a critical practice for seriously sick patients and errors in proper knowledge and skills can lead to serious complications. The present study could identify a high level of gaps in knowledge and skills of applying nasogastric tube feeding procedure. This necessitates the action at training institutions for nurses and on job protocols including monitoring for safety of patients.

The political history of Nigeria is characterised with an unprecedented level of insecurity. Inter-communal and inter-ethnic clashes, religious violent, and armed robbery, assassination, murder, gender based violence, and bomb explosions have been on the increase leading to enormous loss of lives and properties and general atmosphere of siege and social tension for the people. In recent times, inter-ethnic relations tension has resonated in Nigeria. This is due to the activities of some ethnically motivated groups. “The Political Economy of Fulani Herdsmen Activities and Inter-ethnic Relations in Nigeria‟s Forth Republic: Issues and Prospects”, focused primarily on the activities of the nomadic Fulani herdsmen in some parts of Nigeria such as Kaduna, Enugu, Benue, Ekiti, Taraba, Nasarawa, Plateau, Kogi States, etc. In these conflicts, many lives and cattle are lost and properties destroyed. This paper examines the causes of the incessant Fulani herdsmen and farmers conflicts in Nigeria. Secondly, to underscore the nexus between the incessant conflicts and interethnic relations in Nigeria, and thirdly, to overview the alternative options to ameliorate the incessant conflicts between the Fulani herdsmen and the hosting farming communities vis-à-vis to douse the ethno-religious dimension of the conflict.

Anacyclus pyrethrum L. root is one among the ingredients of polyherbal formulation frequently employed for the treatment of stress by Ayurvedic practioners. So, the objective of this study was to scientifically validate its use. Animals were administered graded doses of ethanolic extract of Anacyclus pyrethrum root and subjected for anoxia stress tolerance test, swimming endurance test and acetic acid induced writhing test models and its adaptogenic potential was assessed by estimating various parameters. Stressed animals demonstrated altered values of these parameters. Ethanolic extract of Anacyclus pyrethrum root exhibited significant anti-stress activity by restoration of all the altered values. Present findings validate its use in Aurvedic system of medicine.

This research is aimed to evaluate the execution of the directions and the policies for training and development of Trainers at Training and Development Center of ASN employees (Apparatus Civil Servants) Ministry of Village, Development of Disadvantaged Regions, and Transmigration. The evaluation provides recommendation to relevant stakeholders to improve the effectiveness, efficiency, and accountability of Trainers in particular and Government Employes in general. This is an evaluative research using CIPP (Context, Input, Process, and Product) evaluation model by Daniel Stufflebeam. The data was collected through triangulation of literature research, questionnaires, in-depth interviews, along with focus group discussions, which was then analyzed using qualitative data analysis technique by defining the execution attributes and comparing them to the evaluation criteria as set by the standard. The outcome suggests revisiting the execution attributes as they were no longer relevant to the assignments, functions, responsibilities, and challenges faced by Widyaiswara nowadays. The input evaluation shows that several points have already met the standards, but some have not. Likewise, the process components, e.g. execution in the classroom, accommodation, and catering were still below the standard. Therefore, it is recommended to improve the quality and quantity of these attributes to achieve the training center standard/accreditation, on both the training and the people (Widyawara).

The purpose of this study was to assess the relevance of vernacular radio stations’ agricultural programs in influencing utilization of agricultural information among farmers in Molo Sub County, Nakuru Kenya. Agricultural sector provides a livelihood for about 80% of Kenya‘s population and employs more than 70% of the rural population hence it remains valuable for the provision of food and employment opportunities. Vernacular radio stations, as part of mass communication, has a wider audience in rural areas compared to other forms of media outlets. Therefore, they have led to the passing of novel information on agriculture to farmers in Molo Sub County, Nakuru Kenya. This study adopted a cross-sectional survey research design whereby 8,445 households in Molo sub-county were targeted. Cluster sampling method was used to determine the number of participants that was selected through systematic sampling. The target population was 155 respondents in Molo Sub County Nakuru Kenya and the response rate was 94.9%. A Questionnaire was used to collect data and pilot testing was done in Subukia Sub County Nakuru, Kenya. Descriptive statistics showed that 83.9% of the respondents listen to the agricultural program while 16.1% disagreed to listening to agricultural activity. The study established that there exists a statistically significant relationship between demographic characteristics, relevance of agricultural programs, institutional factors and utilization of agricultural information (r= 0.644; p<0.05, r= 0.503; p<0.05, r= 0.463; p<0.05) respectively. The study concluded that demographic characteristics had a very high influence in the utilization of agricultural information among farmers in Molo Sub County, Nakuru Kenya. This deduced that radio agricultural programs are useful to farmers in Kenya and have greatly influenced their farming practices. The study recommended that there is a need for more effort in providing agricultural information programmes to farmers.

Preservation of the aesthetical aspects of the traditional buildings especially the traditional Malay house is relatively unsolved due to the limitation of the material used specifically the timber. The traditional Malay house system is basically a modular system in terms of measurement, panel dismantle-reassemble method, expandable and moveable as well. Modular system allows many advantages in construction process and final production. Some of the lists are cost-effectiveness in terms of time consuming in site, labour, product materials and many more. The quality of modular system also can be monitored wisely as it is develop in factory in mass production according to the design. This paper proposes the adaptation of modular system in modern housing that integrated with the traditional Malay house component specifically the non-structural component such as the wall system. The issues of modular using the traditional components will be analysed using observation and site visit and analysis. The system generated can be applied to the housing development in Malaysia and in the meantime preserving the aesthetic elements of the traditional Malay house. The outcome of this paper will acknowledge a concept of modular housing system adapting the traditional wall element in building environment, and appreciating the aesthetic value of the traditional Malay house as well.

Thymomas are among the most common anterior mediastinal tumors that can uncommonly present with respiratory failure. This case – A 62 year old lady who presented with complaints of limb weakness and the development of type II respiratory failure, discusses in detail the problem posed and the workup leading to the diagnosis. Surgery was performed based on the radiological findings. The tumor was completely resected and the diagnosis given as Masoka classification‑Type B2-predominantly cortical thymoma

The number of customers at Giant Citra Raya over the last five years (2011- 2015) has decreased significantly, due to many factors including poor service quality and poor customer care. Likewise Extra Giant Switching Customer behavior has Negative Net Switching, when compared to the three brands (Carrefour, Hypermart and Lotte Mart). This low customer loyalty index is due to poor service quality. The research design is explanatory, where sampling method is a non-probability sample (non-random sample). The sampling technique uses accidental sampling, in which the researcher has the freedom to choose who to meet which can be sampled according to the requirements of the existing population. The method used in this research is survey method. The average customer population is 2,070,823 / 12/30 = 5752 per day, with Slovin samples of 152 respondents. Quantitative analysis method with Analytical Path Analysis tool and SPSS tool version 2.33. Prior to the analysis conducted test of questionnaire instrument with validity test and classical assumption. After analyzed with Path Analysis continued with test of determination analysis (R Square), partial test of hypothesis (t test) and simultaneously (F test) with 5% error tolerance level. The result of this research is that Service Quality and Customer Satisfaction have a effect on Brand Image and Customer Loyalty. Brand Image and Customer Loyalty are still influenced by other variables other than Service Quality and Customer Satisfaction, therefore need to do further research.

Ultrasonography is a widely used imaging technique that has many clinical applications. The early staging of the metastatic carcinoma is one of these widely uses. FNA and core biopsies have exceedingly replaced the surgical biopsy. The ultrasound-guided biopsy has shown great and more accurate results for breast cancer detection more than the use of one method alone. In this study, we aimed to determine the role of ultrasound-guided biopsy in breast cancer. The procedure was performed on 32consecutive patients that were enrolled at Shaukat Khanum hospital in this Cross-sectional comparative analytical study. Ultrasound-guided core and FNA-guided biopsies were performed for all 32 patients. The accuracy of breast lumps biopsy with ultrasound guidance biopsy was more accurated as compare to non ultrasound. Out of 32 patients 1(3.1%). was diagnosedwith acute inflammation, 16(50.0%). for breast metastatic carcinoma, 2(6.3%). for chronic inflammation, 1(3.1%). for ductal epithelial carcinoma, 1(3.1%). for fibrocystic, 1(3.1%). for the fibroepithelial lesion, 1(3.1%). for lymphocytic yield, 7(21.9%). were normal results and 1(3.1%). for stromal fibrosis. In conclusion, an Ultrasound-guided biopsy is highly accurate, and more effective and feasible method than the ultrasound examination alone and excisional surgery. Recently US-guided biopsy procedure is widely used for the diagnosis of lumps in breast cancer patient.

In India, Pteridophytes are particularly distributed in the Himalayan and coastal regions. The variable topography and climate conditions of India contribute to a rich diversity of its flora and Pteridophytic diversity. Kotgarh and Rampur forest division region has rich biodiversity due to the great altitudinal variations with the Pteridophytes found in shady and moist patches of the regions. 22 species of pteridophytes belonging to 10 families and 16 genera have been reported in the present study. Dryopteridaceae and Pteridaceae with 5 species, Polyodiaceae and Thelypteridaceae with 3 species and remaining Families with single species have been reported.

Dentinogenesis Imperfecta is an autosomal dominant disorder of dentine affecting primary and permanent dentition. Mutation in dentin sialophospho protein on the long arm of chromosome 4 results in this defective dentin. The clinical appearance of teeth is characteristic showing an amber like translucency and severe attrition. It can also occur in association with osteogenesis Imperfecta, a genetic disorder of type 1 collagen. Here we present a case of Dentinogenesis Imperfecta associated with Type 1 Osteogenesis Imperfecta in a 14-year -old girl.

Liver transplant is the corner for patients with end stage liver diseases. Posttransplant patients face many challenges including poor general health, physical inactivity and emotional problem. This article reviews studies that explored the impact of physical activity on health related quality of life (HRQOL) for post liver transplant patients. To collect evidence to supporting the relationship between physical activity and HRQOL for post liver transplant patients, a search of the PubMed, CINAHL, Psych Info, EbscoHost, Medline, and ProQuest Dissertations and Theses databases was conducted using key phrases, including chronic liver disease, liver transplant, post liver transplant, liver transplant and physical activity, liver transplant and health-related quality of life. The main search parameters were studies written in English and those conducted between 2005 and 2014. The initial search resulted in 957 records. There were 246 duplicate records. These records were removed. Records were excluded if patients were pediatric, secondtime transplant recipients or receiving more than one organ transplant or if they had active infections. First records were excluded by screening the record titles; 453 records were excluded using this method. Next, records were excluded by screening the abstracts; 214 records were excluded using this method. Finally, records were excluded by screening the entire record text; an additional 37 records were excluded using this method.

Toxoplasmosis has been described as the most widespread zoonotic disease of humans and other animals. Although Toxoplasma gondii infection in high school girls has been investigated in many countries, surveys have not been available in high school girls in Yemen. This study was performed to investigate the seroprevalence and risk factors associated with T. gondii infection among high school girls in Ibb city, Yemen. The study was carried out during the period February to December 2016. The sera from 220 volunteer girls were evaluated for T. gondii antibodies (IgM and IgG) using ELISA method. The seropositive rate of T. gondii was 18.2%, and 81.8% of high school girls was seronegative in anti-Toxoplasma IgG, while all cases (100%) were seronegative for IgM. Among the risk factors evaluated, only the presence of cats in home (p = 0.004) was observed as a significant risk factor associated with T. gondii infection. The results of this study may be useful for the design of optimal preventive measures against infection with T. gondii.

Ventilator associated pneumonia is the most common nosocomial infection arising as complication at Intensive care units. It affects nearly 8-20% of the clients admitted at intensive care units and is 27% among the mechanically ventilated patients (Al Shameri). The main purpose of this study was, to assess the knowledge and practice of Ventilator associated Pneumonia prevention among nurses at PIC Hospital Lahore. A cross sectional descriptive survey was performed to assess the knowledge and practices among Nurses. A convenient sample of n=122was used to collect the data. A structured adopted questionnaire was used to collect data. The questionnaire consisted demographic variables, Knowledge of VAP and Practices of VAP among the nurses of the ICU at PIC Lahore. The data was analyzed on SPSS version 21. Overall knowledge was satisfactory where 50% of the study participants had good knowledge and gave more than 80% correct responses about different aspects of the Ventilator Associated pneumonia prevention. 30.33% were satisfactory knowledge about the VAP prevention. Overall Practice result very good practices among 83% of the participants who were practicing 20 or more items out of 24 statements. 12.33% had satisfactory practices. Overall knowledge was satisfactory and practices were good among the nurses at PIC regarding ventilator associated Pneumonia.

The Importance of H. pylori as an etiological agent in gastroduodenal disease had suggested antibiotic treatment as a main target for the elimination of infection and to determine the prevalence of Helicobacter pylori in patients with gastro-duodenal pathologies and the susceptibility patterns of isolates Consecutive dyspeptic patients for endoscopy were recruited in the study. Gastric biopsies were collected from the patients and H. pylori isolated and identified. The present study a total six antimicrobial agents such as Ciprofloxacin, Metronidazole, Norfloxacin, Tetracyclin, Amoxycillin and Clarithromycin were used In against 100 clinical isolates Antibiotic sus-ceptibility was determined by disk diffusion and agar dilution methods against The resistance pattern, amoxicillin and metronidazole (AMRR METR) was the most common (23.7%) amongst the isolates Ninety two (83.6%) of the 110 patients (mean age 42.5 ± 15.7, range 14–70 years) were positive for H. pylori, The antibiotic susceptibility rates were 61% for tetracycline, 54.3% for clarithromycin, 16.4% for amoxicillin and 1.8% for metronidazole. Antimicrobial susceptibility results also revealed 12 antibiotypes based on resistance to the antimicrobial agents investigated.. More than 60% of the isolates exhibited multi-drug resistance to three or four antibiotics. Studies attributed the high level of resistance to the frequent use of the drugs to treat various other infections, ineffective drug control policy and the current treatment regimen in Bikaner.