Prior to initiation of endodontic treatment possibility of extra roots and canals should be considered. The incidence of three canals in mandibular second premolar has been found to be between 0.46-0.5%. The present series describes nonsurgical endodontic treatment of a mandibular second premolar having three canals and three roots and a mandibular first premolar having two roots and three canals. In the first case, three orifices were located and in the second case a single orifice which bifurcated into two canals in the coronal portion and then one canal further divided into two and three canals exited from the apex was seen. With good operator skill and knowledge of root canal anatomies, teeth with extremely complex root canal morphologies can have successful treatment outcome even if treated non-surgically.

It is believed that Walter Benjamin‟s theory is the combination with theology and Marxism. His Messianic thought especially expressed the idea of redemption which was the critique of the industrial progress. He was trying to criticize the consumer economy which was full of powers and desires. At the same time, he believed that Messiah is from the secular world and was trying to revert it to the original world. Rita Hayworth and the Shawshank Redemption was a representative work of expressing redemption. It not only redeemed himself but also helped other people get redemption. This paper interprets the book of Rita Hayworth and the Shawshank Redemption from the perspective of Benjamin‟s Messianisim. The first part is the introduction of the book and Benjamin‟s Messianic thought. The second part is the interpretations of the three protagonists: Andy, Red and Tommy. This part illustrates the reflections of Messianic redemption thought in these three persons and the Shawshank Prison. All of them wanted to revert back the original life and freedom. The third part is about how to accelerate the coming of Messiah: the pursuit of secular happiness and the death of tragic hero. The fourth part is the coming of Messiah and getting redemption.

Variation of Jebel Aulia Reservoir levels along White Nile River causes wider variation of the wetted area. This adds to the challenges for the pumping water for irrigation. Historically, there was always the tendency to maintain high reservoir levels in favor of the upstream pumping stations. The aim of this study is to assess possible impacts of changing the operation rules of Jebel Aulia Reservoir. Water balance approach has been applied to investigate the existing and three modified operation policy. The evaluated parameters include duration of high reservoir levels preferred by pumping schemes, satisfaction of downstream water demands and area of flood plain agriculture (Guroof), evaporation and hydropower generation. Scenario 2 was found to be the best in obtaining high reservoir level and given the highest annual hydropower production. Scenario 3 was found to be the best in terms of evaporation losses and the downstream demands.

The least squares weighted residual method was used in this work to solve the boundary value problem (BVP) of an Euler column of length l fixed at x = 0, and pinned at x = l. Polynomial shape (spline) functions for Euler columns with fixedpinned ends were used to obtain one – and two parameter buckling shape functions in terms of unknown generalised parameters. The one and two parameter buckling shape functions were used to construct least squares weighted residual integral statements of the boundary value problem. The least squares weighted residual statements simplified the boundary value problem (BVP) to algebraic eigenvalue – eigenvector problems. The solution for non trivial cases yielded characteristic buckling equations which were solved to obtain the buckling loads. One parameter coordinate shape function yielded the critical load as Qcr = 21EI/l2, while the two parameter buckling shape function yielded Qcr = 20.34614EI/l2. One parameter least squares weighted residual solution yielded a relative error of 4 % while the two parameter least squares weighted residual solution yielded a relative error of 0.77% compared to the exact solution.

Kingdom of Saudi Arabia (KSA) is rapidly developing with the government's vision (Saudi 2030 Vision) of working towards a developed nation by the year 2030. Government have implemented various types of development such as schools, government offices, hospitals, factories and, housing schemes, etc. It also aims to implement green building designs thereby using a recyclable structural material for construction such as Steel is a positive step. The use of truss design, construction, erection and installation is very popular due to it conventional configurations and popularity within the industry for its long spanning and lightness. Nevertheless, its selection and optimum design still needs proper attention. This paper addresses a parametric study to analyze and design single-story industrial buildings located in Madinah City using structural analysis and design software SAP2000®. Standards of the Saudi Building Codes SBC are used for the design purpose. The basic data related to wind intensity; dead and live loadings are obtained from SBC301. The dimensions of the two industrial buildings are (20mx35m and 30mx60m) with single span of 20m and 30m. Two different types of trusses are used thus gave rise to four cases. The design is carried out for the maximum capacities (compression, tension and shearing) of structural members to guarantee the structural safety. The purpose of this study is to understand the design philosophy and to give useful recommendations for the optimal and safe design of trusses with minimization of construction cost and time savings of industrial buildings.

In this work, the Picard’s successive iteration method was used to solve the elastic buckling problem of Euler columns with pinned ends. The problem was represented by a second order ordinary differential equation in the deflection function subject to the boundary conditions at the pinned ends. The boundary value problem was expressed in integral form, and the Picard’s iteration scheme developed from the integral form. A suitable buckling shape function was used to obtain an initial approximation to the deflection, and the Picard’s iteration scheme used to obtain first, second and third iterations for the modal buckling functions through the use of corresponding boundary conditions. Corresponding Picard’s approximations for the first, second and third iterations of the critical buckling load were obtained as 1 2 ( ) 9 6 0 / . , cr P E I l  ( ) 2 2 9 8361 / . cr EI l  and ( ) 3 2 9 8657 / . . cr EI l  The errors in the first, second and third iterates of the critical buckling load were -2.732%, -0.339% and -0.040% respectively. The use of the exact buckling shape function in the Picard’s iteration scheme was found to result in the exact closed form solution for the critical buckling load.

The tension stiffening index is a critical factor which improved their effect on the torsional behavior of fibrous reinforced concrete beams which included the bond strength between the reinforcement and the concrete, and the amount of reinforcement indexes. Thus, this paper highlights the effect of the tension stiffening index on the torsional resistance of ultra-high performance fiber reinforced concrete (UHPFRC) beams under pure torsion. Therefore, four under-reinforced ultra-high performance fiber reinforced concrete beams were cast and tested under pure torsion which contains the fixed amount of longitudinal and transverse reinforcements, while the grade and the rib pattern on the surface of reinforcement have been changed. Test results verified that the torsional resistance, stiffness of the cracked section and the twisting angle were improved at the crack and peak loads due to a reduction in the tension stiffening index. However, the axial strains in transverse and longitudinal reinforcements.

This paper presents the results of systematic analysis of joints trends in the rock masses exposed in the stretch between Al-Rawnah and Al-Huriyah areas, northwest of Taiz city, Yemen, using Fabric-8 software technique. From the field investigations and structural relations between the various lithounits, the exposed rock masses in the study area are classified into four litho-tectonic units viz., from bottom to the top:1) basement rocks, 2) Amran limestone rocks, 3) Al-Tawillah sandstone rocks and 4) volcanic rocks. Results of the study indicate that the rock units of the study area are cut and deformed by NNW-SSE, NE-SW, WNW-ESE, N-S, and E-W trending joints. NNW-SSE and NE-SW trends are the most predominant trends influencing the rock units of the study area. The dominant and major NNW-SSE trend correlates to the direction of the maximum extensional stress associated with the Red Sea rift system, while the second one (NE-SW) is perturbed regional stress field related to the direction of the stress generated during the opening of the Gulf of Aden. The basement rocks are commonly affected by both vertical and conjugate joints. The conjugate joints are represented by X and Y types, although T and H types were also recognized. Amran limestone rocks are affected by subvertical joints in addition to asymmetric with symmetric joints of veins filled by calcite minerals. Orthogonal cross joins, conjugate joints, polygonal joints and exfoliation joints were documented in Al-Tawillah sandstone rocks. Columnar jointing, plumose structures, horsetail fractures, kink joints and exfoliation joints are commonly observed in the volcanic rocks. This study indicates that the fracture spacing, orientation and thickness of the rock mass and patterns of fractures are controlled by lithology and structural evolution of the study area.

The State of Qatar has been undergoing radical transformation, coordinated by the national development planning strategy, to realise the aims of Qatar National Vision 2030 (QNV-2030). Efforts towards sustainable urban growth and development have included the establishment of a new transportation system, as well as transitoriented developments (TODs), which significantly enhanced pedestrians‘ access to amenities and facilities, particularly during major events. This research study aims to develop alternative design strategies for public transit systems and land use amidst the larger challenge of urban metamorphosis focused on boosting sustainability by enhancing liveability. The Al Sadd district was selected as a case study due to (1) its significance as one of the oldest mixed-use districts in Qatar, with a significant role in the economic development of Doha; (2) its many layers, which have overlapped; and (3) its lack of heritage significance. Data, gathered from both primary and secondary sources, consisted of questionnaires, site visits, walk-through observations, focus groups and structured interviews. The use of these research methods facilitated the exploration of the physical forms and sociocultural characteristics of the area, enhancing understanding of the urban quality, and providing inputs for a strategy to enhance the urban sustainability and liveability of the district.

This study explored Nigeria and South Africa relation within the context of citizen diplomacy. We collated our date from qualitative descriptive method and hence relied on secondary data. We predicated our analytical framework on the basic propositions emanated from the theory of complex interdependent. The study among others, observed that with economic advantage as the major international political issues, states and their citizens are under anxiety not to be outwitted and outcompeted in the fast growing global interdependence and thus subscribe to the rule of reciprocal relations as foundation for cooperation. The study therefore underscored the effect of diaspora in national economic development within the rubric of international rule of reciprocity; while observing the checks of domestic values and culture of host states. Focusing on Nigeria‘s diaspora defence in South Africa, the study explored the basic factors that determine Nigeria-South Africa relations especially as it concerns the contributions of the Diaspora to national development through the application of international best practice and social relations, it equally made useful suggestions aimed at strengthening the capacity of Nigeria to achieve the foreign policy goals and to provide adequate safeguards to her citizens living in foreign countries.

In the current social scenario, trauma is on the rise, which leads to physical, mental as well as social consequences. If the coping skill of an individual is not able to manage the stress, it may lead to an acute stress reaction. If it retains more than 1 month and satisfies the diagnostic criteria, Post Traumatic Stress Disorder (PTSD) is the condition. It can be considered as the alteration of the functions of manas as per Ayurveda due to the resulted irreplaceable loss. The acute stress reaction needs psychological support and in case of PTSD, Ayurvedic medication along with selected satwavajaya techniques and yoga therapy tends to produce better results. Selected sodhana procedures along with internal medications including rasayanas are useful in this regard. The prime knowledge so as to diagnose a case of PTSD is a must for a general practitioner as the prevalence is on the rise and immediate intervention produces better results.

The purposes of the research were to find out the significances of the implementation of simulation technique and the using of posters as visual aids in improving students’ social interaction and creative thinking. Semester II English students of Muslim Nusantara University Medan were selected as the population of the research, then, two classes were chosen of the sample of the research y applying random purposive sampling. Moreover, quantitative research method was used with factorial design 2 X 2 to achieve the aims of the research. based on the data analyzed, this research found out that students’ social interaction taught by implementing simulation technique and using the poster was being extremely higher with 80,05 than experimental class II with 68,68. Then, the indicator average of creative thinking also showed a very significant effect in which experimental class II was 86,69, while experimental class II was only 60,75. Moreover, there was an interaction occured between technique simulation with the poster with student’s creative thinking toward students’ social interaction with Fobsesrved>Ftablewith 294,740 > 4,00 and Sig < 0,05 with 0,000< 0,05, and with Fobsesrved189,190 >Ftable4,00 and with Sig 0,000 < 0,05. Last, there was an interaction between simulation technique and poster in which simulation technique was being much more effective combined with poster as visual aids with sig <prob (0,000 < 0,05). In conclusion, students whose higher creative thinking in creating the poster would have higher social interaction in EFL speaking class in which the more frequent student’ social interaction in the classroom, the higher speaking skill achieved.

The purposes of this research were to investigate the implementation of screencast o matic integrated with inquiry learning for improving students’soft skill which focused on developing students’ self-confidence in speaking English and to investigate the interaction occured among variables. Quantitative research method was used with true experimental design in order to achieve the aims of the research. Semester IV students of English Department of Muslim Nusantara Al-Washliyah University were chosen as the sample of the research and divided into 30 students for experimental class I and 30 students for experiment class II. The data found was anlayzed by applying ANAVA (General Linear Models), normality test (one sample Kolmogorov Smirnov) and homogeneity test (One way Anova) with SPSS 22 IBM for Windows and MS. Excel in order to explore score obtained from each formulated indicator. The finding showed that the implementation of screencast o matic using inquiry learning significantly develops students’ self-confidence, eventhough there was no interaction occured between students’ self confidence and speaking with Sig> 0.05. The obtained data showed that developing self-confindence through screencast o matic integrated with inquiry learning with Sig > 0,05 (0,776 > 0,05). In short, the students’ speaking skill taught with screencast o matic sofware was higher, but students’ self-confidence was not developed by that software as students were a bit hard to adapt using screencast o matic software that never be used by them in advance.

European imperialism and eventual process of colonization of Africa was largely characterised by arbitrary attack on African political and social structures. The consequence of this action was the rise of African independent movements. These movements whether militia, religious (churches) or educational (schools) were founded by charismatic personalities who attracted followers through their lifestyle, preaching and healing, attributed to the power of the Holy Spirit. This study provides a critical appraisal of the life and the educational role played by John Owalo in the establishment of the first independent schools and church movement in colonial Africa the Nomiya Luo Mission.

The Communication industry in Nigeria was thrown into the Quality of Service challenges as a result of rapid growth of mobile users with their increases in the demand for mobile communication application services. Most often in this country, the outages are high which leads to total network failures, block calls, drop calls. All these are as a result of poor signal strength at the receiving end. This research was aimed at minimizing outage probability in mobile network using beamforming adaptive antenna array system. To achieve this goal, the number of outages was measured at a specified period. A beamforming antenna was designed so as to enhance signal reception. An LMS algorithm was developed for the antenna for signal tracking and acquisition. A model for minimizing the outage probability in the network using adaptive beamforming antenna was then developed and simulated in MATLAB Environment. Results obtained showed that the outage probability is lower with adaptive beamforming antenna and also the BER curve was better with beamforming technique.