Abstract: The promulgation of the Belt and Road Initiative brings to fore the shift in world economic power to the east. The relations between members of Initiative and the changes of their positions will determine the long-term success or otherwise of this Initiative. The paper adopts social network analysis to set up the network relation between member countries, studies the network structure and its evolution trends, and identifies the position and role of members in the Initiative with data from bilateral investments for the period 2005 to 2015. We conclude that the network structure of Belt, Road Initiative’s broad purpose of ensuring a greater level of economic integration between and among countries on the Belt, Road corridor with regards to bilateral investments is gradually being achieved although at a slower pace than may have been expected by framers of the Initiative with less influence being exerted by China. The beneficial economic integration will be very much enhanced with China in the core position.

The main objective of this study was to identify causes and perceived effects of rainfall variability on access to water in Baringo County. The study used a descriptive survey design. Purposeful sampling and stratified proportionate random sampling procedures were used to obtain the sample. A total of 376 households were selected for the study. Questionnaire, key informant interview schedule and observations were the main instruments of data collection. Analysis of data was done using the Statistical Package of Social Sciences (SPSS). Descriptive statistics were used to analyze the effects and causes of climate change in Baringo County. Rainfall variability affected access to water in Baringo County. More frequent and severe droughts were perceived to be responsible for the reduced water level in Lake Baringo and intermittency of most rivers that were previously permanent. Deforestation is the main cause of rainfall variability in Baringo County hence there is need to increase awareness on climate variability and change and encourage people to use alternative sources of energy and plant trees.

Abstract: Education as a means of achieving economic development has become a respectable and challenging subject for scholarly research and analysis. Most studies indicate that many children are growing up without proper guidance from their parents. The parents/ guardians are largely absent and housemaids, the media and peers have become the main socialization agents of most children today. This study established the part guardians and parents play in addressing students’ discipline problems in public day secondary schools in Nakuru sub County, Nakuru County, Kenya. Nakuru East sub-County has 31 public day secondary schools, 18,600 students, 31 principals, and 806 teachers. Sixteen schools were randomly selected for the study. Data was collected from 80 parents, 50 students, and 24 teachers who were selected randomly from the 16 schools using questionnaires. Eight principals were also interviewed. Quantitative data was analyzed using descriptive statistics while qualitative data was analyzed using the thematic technique. Result found that stealing/ theft, skiving or truancy, and distraction in class were the most common forms of indiscipline in the schools. It was also found that there is little involvement of parent in addressing disciplinary issues. The study did arrive at a concrete verdict regarding the parenting styles of most parents/ guardians because different stakeholders have varying views. However, all stakeholders agreed that parenting style influences students’ discipline to a great extent. The study recommends that stakeholder particular teachers educate parents regarding parenting styles and their impact on student’s behavior. The study also recommends strengthening cooperation between teachers, students, principals, and parents so as to enhance discipline within the schools.

Programming foreign television soap operas on free to air TV stations in East Africa is a common feature. However, an interesting phenomenon is developing where regionally produced serial dramas are increasingly consumed across borders; drawing good audience share. A case in point is „The Hostel‟- a Ugandan soap opera aired weekly on both NTV Uganda and NTV Kenya. What could be the cross cutting attraction of this programme on the Kenyan audience where similar genres have not performed as well? Using the audience reception theory, the study conducted 8 FGDs in two university campuses. An in-depth interview was also conducted with the NTV station programme coordinator. The findings revealed a favourable reception towards the programme but with character identity, accent and story realism as strong indicators for its attraction. Though the findings cannot be generalized, it is an insight for those who intend to produce such drama across the East African region.

Abstract: This dissertation examines the way Arabs are stereotyped in Hollywood war films. The dissertation shows how the enemy is portrayed in Hollywood war films. After World War II Nazis were the enemy in Hollywood combat films, and most of the films about WWII, depict Nazis as such. After WWII, the role of the enemy shifted from the Nazis to the Vietnamese. The fear of communism and the victory after the Cold War led Hollywood to depict Vietnamese as enemy in Vietnam War combat films. To study the way the Arabs are stereotyped in Hollywood war films, this dissertation makes a comparison between the depiction of these historical enemies and the representation of Iraqis in war films. By analysing motion pictures produced by Hollywood following each war, similarities and differences are identified in the way enemies are portrayed.

Since Decision of the Constitutional Court Number 137 / PUU-XIII / 2015 and Number 56 / PUU-XIV / 2016, the Minister of Home Affairs and the Governor is not authorized to cancel the Local Regulation. Both Constitutional Court Decisions can not be denied to be one of the obstacles for the central government to suppress the growth rate of overlapping local regulations, so that necessary steps to disbursing obesity of local regulations starting from the upstream or since the planning stage. One of the steps that can be taken to obstruct obesity rate of Local Regulation is by conducting harmonization activities at planning stage that is harmonization to draft Program of Formation of Local Regulation.

Pigmented lesions of the oral cavity are an heterogeneous group with several etiophatogenesis and they can have melanocytic or non-melanocytic origin . Solitary pigmented melanocytic lesions of the oral cavity are rare. Oral nevus is a benign proliferations of cells of melanocytic origin and they are rare, for this reason, the literature is poor. Diagnosis of pigmented lesions of the oral cavity and perioral tissues is difficult, therefore is essential the histopathological examination to make a correct diagnosis . The objective of this article is to present a rare case report of oral nevus in the palate. A 63 years old female patient reported a small black spot not bulging and asymptomatic. This lesion has been surgically removed and analyzed. The histological examination of the sample has confirmed the diagnosis and after a week the palate was completely healed.

The Kenyan government is currently supporting the start-up as well as the growth of youth enterprises, in line with the Medium Term Plan of Vision 2030, by creating a conducive environment and support programmes in order to develop the sector. Despite these efforts, the performance of youth enterprises in Kenya has been miserable. The breadth to which this huge amount of money has influenced the growth and profit margins of these many youth enterprises remains unexplored. Furthermore, there is a lack of enough literature as far as the effect of youth enterprise development fund on the growth of MSEs. This research, therefore, sought to establish the effect of Youth Enterprise Development Fund services on the growth of MSEs in Nyando Constituency. The objectives that guided this study include: to determine the effect of YEDF lending financing services on growth of youth MSEs in Nyando Constituency; to determine the effect of YEDF linkage services with large enterprises on growth of youth MSEs in Nyando Constituency; to establish the effect of YEDF marketing services on growth of youth MSEs locally and internationally in Nyando Constituency and to determine the extent to which YEDF provides Business Development Services to Youth MSEs in Nyando Constituency. A descriptive survey research design was employed.

This study aimed at determining the effect of media on formation the marketing literacy and also determining such marketing literacy on consumer protection in Saudi Arabia. The study also aimed at determining the statistical differences in marketing literacy and consumer protection according to Demographical factors. The Study population consisted of all Saudi and non-Saudi consumers in Riyadh city, whom reached to 5.8 Million in the year 2016. 386 people were selected, and simple random sample was used. The study concluded that there is no statistical impact of media on marketing literacy but there is a statistical impact of marketing literacy on the consumer protection in Saudi Arabia. The study found that there are statistical differences in marketing literacy and consumer protection according to education level and such differences tend to the master holders. Finally, the study suggested some recommendations and marketing implications that enhance marketing literacy and consumer protection among consumers in Saudi Arabia.

This study examines the relationship between monetary aggregates and economic growth with evidence from Nigeria. It examines the extent to which narrow and broad money supply relate to Nigerian Real Gross Domestic Product. Data collected were analyzed using multiple regression. The result of the study shows though broad money supply (M2) has a salutary effect on the performance of the economy as shown by the positive relationship it exhibits, the relationship is not such that monetary aggregates can significantly contribute to the performance of the economy. The paper recommends that since monetary aggregates are weak in achieving growth in the Nigerian economy, a combination of monetary and fiscal policy measures , perhaps will achieve the desired objective of growing the economy.

This paper shows experimentally effect of gravel beds to reduce erosion of soil downstream of submerged hydraulic jumps by using a physical model, gravel beds are employed downstream of radial gate to dissipate the energy and to control the erodibility of cohesionless soils. Two different types of gravel were considered, natural particle with graded grain sizes, and non-uniform big grain sizes, a state of smooth bed was included to estimate the influence of gravel beds on the scour hole dimensions. A preliminary comparison of the incipient motion values shows that granular soils downstream gravel bed have a smaller free surface flow erosion than the granular soils downstream smooth bed. Additional comparison of the experimental data incipient motion criteria also suggests that decrease void ratio for gravel bed leads to minimize erosion the soil. The gravel beds reduce the maximum scour hole by rate from 47% to 66% in comparing with the smooth bed.

The indiscriminate disposal of animal waste in the environment has led to the search for solution by recycling these wastes, which includes the use of animal bone waste in the construction industry, as a partial replacement of cement in concrete. The aim of this project is to study the properties of the concrete by partial replacement of cement with animal bone powder. The bone powder is replacing cement partially by weight in mix proportion (3%, 6%, 9%, 12% and 15%). The objectives of this research are to protect the environment from the harmful effects of animal wastes by using animal bone powder in concrete as a partial replacement for cement, to study the possibility of using animal bone powder in the concrete mix and to investigate the effect of animal bone powder on the compressive and the spilt tensile strength of the concrete mixture. Conduct preliminary tests on the basic materials, including fine aggregate, coarse aggregate and cement. The mix design was developed for C30 grade concrete using the ACI method. The mix proportion used is 1: 1.67: 2.34 with water cement ratio of 0.5. Cube samples with dimension of 150mm×150mmx150mm and cylinder samples of 150mm diameter and 300mm height respectively were used to prepare concrete mix. Concrete samples were cast during this study replacing the cement with the animal bone powder. A total of 18 cubes and 18 cylinders were cast in this study and the samples were cured in the water tank for 28 days under normal conditions. Cube samples were tested for compressive strength and cylinder samples for split test in a UTM. The research has shown that the use of animal bone powder as a partial replacement of cement in concrete can affect the properties of the concrete. The results of the experiments showed an increase in compressive strength and split tensile strength when compared with the results of the normal mix however; as the bone powder content increased a reduction in the workability of the concrete was observed and recorded. Furthermore, the results showed the optimal replacement percentage of BP in concrete is 6 percent with compressive strength of 36.2 N/mm2 when compared with other replacement ratios. Therefore, from an environmental and technical perspective, there is an opportunity to utilize waste animal bones in concrete for construction applications.

Esthetic tooth replacement is a challenging procedure for the dentist, patient, and technician. Loss of the anterior teeth with existing diastema may result in excess space. Various treatment options are available for the replacement of multiple anterior teeth. These options include partial removable dental prosthesis (RDP), an implantsupported prosthesis, and conventional fixed dental prosthesis (FDP). FDP, along with loop connector, is the best treatment option but not on those with limited interocclusal space and with deep bite. The cantilever FDP with canine and lateral incisor is the proper choice for such case. The cantilever FDP design enhances the natural appearance of the restoration and proper contour, emergence profile, and dental forum. This clinical report describes a technique that fabricates a bilateral three-unit metal ceramic (MC) cantilever FDP to achieve optimal esthetics and functional correction for patients with missing maxillary central incisors along with diastema in between central incisors.

Nipple trauma is a common complaint among breastfeeding women and it is one of the main reasons why some women decide to stop breastfeeding. It confronts nursing women 3-6 days after birth, especially primipara. Nipples become painful and start to show small cracks, which may bleed. This study aimed to test effect of olive oil application to nipples during late pregnancy on prevention of post partum nipple trauma .Subjects and methods (One group time series) quasi-experimental design was adopted in this study to achieve the stated aim. Purposive sample of 100 pregnant women who met inclusion criteria were recruited for the study from antenatal clinic of Obstetrics and Gynecology Hospital. Data were collected through 4 tools (I) Maternal structured interview questionnaire, (II) Nipple soreness rating scale (NSR),(III) Nipple trauma score (NTS), (IIII) WHO B-R-E-A-S-T Feed observation form. Procedures were carried out through four phases Interviewing, Pretest, Intervention, Posttest. Results The study finding revealed that 67% of the study sample had no nipple trauma (score 0) according to nipple trauma score assessment at 3rd day after starting breastfeeding, it was also revealed that their is a highly significant relation between period and frequency of application of olive oil to the nipples during late pregnancy and incidence of nipple trauma with breastfeeding (p=.000).This study concluded that Olive oil is effective for prevention and treatment of nipple trauma. The study recommended that application of olive oil during late pregnancy is beneficial in prevention of nipple trauma.

Women hospitalized with high risk pregnancy are exposed to many stressors such as separation from their families, unsuitable and noisy environment, hospital routine, lack of privacy. Stress has negative effect on maternal, fetal and neonatal outcomes such as abortion, preterm birth and low birth weight babies. One group time series research design. A purposive sample of 45 high risk pregnant women. High risk in-patient (unit 21) at El Manial University Hospital. A- Maternal Interviewing Questionnaire, B- Perceived Stress Scale, C- Hospital Stressors Assessment Sheet. Study revealed statistical significant difference in stress level before and after intervention due to emotional support (X2 41.627, P .000*) and there is statistical significant difference between stress level and maternal complications (X2 49.828, P .023*), but there is no statistical significant difference between stress level and neonatal birth weight, neonatal complications(X2 18.280, P .107*), time and mode of delivery. Women hospitalized with high risk pregnancy need not only medical treatment but also to give attention to their psychological status and provide emotional support from health care providers.