RESEARCH ARTICLE | Aug. 30, 2018
Network Structure Analysis of Bilateral Investments of One Belt, One Road Initiative countries
John Boamah, Michael Appiah-Kubi, Martin Osei
Page no 689-699 |
10.36348/sb.2018.v04i08.001
Abstract: The promulgation of the Belt and Road Initiative brings to fore the shift in world economic power to the east. The relations between members of Initiative and the changes of their positions will determine the long-term success or otherwise of this Initiative. The paper adopts social network analysis to set up the network relation between member countries, studies the network structure and its evolution trends, and identifies the position and role of members in the Initiative with data from bilateral investments for the period 2005 to 2015. We conclude that the network structure of Belt, Road Initiative’s broad purpose of ensuring a greater level of economic integration between and among countries on the Belt, Road corridor with regards to bilateral investments is gradually being achieved although at a slower pace than may have been expected by framers of the Initiative with less influence being exerted by China. The beneficial economic integration will be very much enhanced with China in the core position.
ORIGINAL RESEARCH ARTICLE | Aug. 30, 2018
Perceived Causes and Effects of Rainfall Variability in Baringo County, Kenya
Koskei Ednah Chemutai
Page no 1020-1025 |
10.21276/sjhss.2018.3.8.18
The main objective of this study was to identify causes and perceived effects
of rainfall variability on access to water in Baringo County. The study used a
descriptive survey design. Purposeful sampling and stratified proportionate random
sampling procedures were used to obtain the sample. A total of 376 households were
selected for the study. Questionnaire, key informant interview schedule and
observations were the main instruments of data collection. Analysis of data was done
using the Statistical Package of Social Sciences (SPSS). Descriptive statistics were
used to analyze the effects and causes of climate change in Baringo County. Rainfall
variability affected access to water in Baringo County. More frequent and severe
droughts were perceived to be responsible for the reduced water level in Lake Baringo
and intermittency of most rivers that were previously permanent. Deforestation is the
main cause of rainfall variability in Baringo County hence there is need to increase
awareness on climate variability and change and encourage people to use alternative
sources of energy and plant trees.
REVIEW ARTICLE | Aug. 30, 2018
The Role of Guardians and Parents in Addressing Students’ Indiscipline in Public Secondary Schools in Nakuru County, Kenya
Tabitha Muthoni Njoroge, James Kuria, Peter Koome
Page no 700-705 |
10.36348/sb.2018.v04i08.002
Abstract: Education as a means of achieving economic development has become a respectable and challenging subject for scholarly research and analysis. Most studies indicate that many children are growing up without proper guidance from their parents. The parents/ guardians are largely absent and housemaids, the media and peers have become the main socialization agents of most children today. This study established the part guardians and parents play in addressing students’ discipline problems in public day secondary schools in Nakuru sub County, Nakuru County, Kenya. Nakuru East sub-County has 31 public day secondary schools, 18,600 students, 31 principals, and 806 teachers. Sixteen schools were randomly selected for the study. Data was collected from 80 parents, 50 students, and 24 teachers who were selected randomly from the 16 schools using questionnaires. Eight principals were also interviewed. Quantitative data was analyzed using descriptive statistics while qualitative data was analyzed using the thematic technique. Result found that stealing/ theft, skiving or truancy, and distraction in class were the most common forms of indiscipline in the schools. It was also found that there is little involvement of parent in addressing disciplinary issues. The study did arrive at a concrete verdict regarding the parenting styles of most parents/ guardians because different stakeholders have varying views. However, all stakeholders agreed that parenting style influences students’ discipline to a great extent. The study recommends that stakeholder particular teachers educate parents regarding parenting styles and their impact on student’s behavior. The study also recommends strengthening cooperation between teachers, students, principals, and parents so as to enhance discipline within the schools.
ORIGINAL RESEARCH ARTICLE | Aug. 30, 2018
Kenyan Audience Reception of The Hostel’ A Ugandan Soap Opera: Programming beyond Borders
Collins A. Wagumba
Page no 1044-1050 |
10.21276/sjhss.2018.3.8.20
Programming foreign television soap operas on free to air TV stations in
East Africa is a common feature. However, an interesting phenomenon is developing
where regionally produced serial dramas are increasingly consumed across borders;
drawing good audience share. A case in point is „The Hostel‟- a Ugandan soap opera
aired weekly on both NTV Uganda and NTV Kenya. What could be the cross cutting
attraction of this programme on the Kenyan audience where similar genres have not
performed as well? Using the audience reception theory, the study conducted 8 FGDs
in two university campuses. An in-depth interview was also conducted with the NTV
station programme coordinator. The findings revealed a favourable reception towards
the programme but with character identity, accent and story realism as strong indicators
for its attraction. Though the findings cannot be generalized, it is an insight for those
who intend to produce such drama across the East African region.
REVIEW ARTICLE | Aug. 30, 2018
The Representations of Arabs and Muslims in U.S. War Cinema
Noor Mubarak Bajuwaiber, Dr. Stewart Woods
Page no 730-746 |
10.36348/sb.2018.v04i08.005
Abstract: This dissertation examines the way Arabs are stereotyped in Hollywood war films. The dissertation shows how the enemy is portrayed in Hollywood war films. After World War II Nazis were the enemy in Hollywood combat films, and most of the films about WWII, depict Nazis as such. After WWII, the role of the enemy shifted from the Nazis to the Vietnamese. The fear of communism and the victory after the Cold War led Hollywood to depict Vietnamese as enemy in Vietnam War combat films. To study the way the Arabs are stereotyped in Hollywood war films, this dissertation makes a comparison between the depiction of these historical enemies and the representation of Iraqis in war films. By analysing motion pictures produced by Hollywood following each war, similarities and differences are identified in the way enemies are portrayed.
REVIEW ARTICLE | Aug. 30, 2018
Disbursing Obesity of Local Regulation through Program Harmonizing Local Regulation Formation
Eka N.A.M. Sihombing
Page no 1001-1006 |
10.21276/sjhss.2018.3.8.15
Since Decision of the Constitutional Court Number 137 / PUU-XIII / 2015
and Number 56 / PUU-XIV / 2016, the Minister of Home Affairs and the Governor is
not authorized to cancel the Local Regulation. Both Constitutional Court Decisions can
not be denied to be one of the obstacles for the central government to suppress the
growth rate of overlapping local regulations, so that necessary steps to disbursing
obesity of local regulations starting from the upstream or since the planning stage. One
of the steps that can be taken to obstruct obesity rate of Local Regulation is by
conducting harmonization activities at planning stage that is harmonization to draft
Program of Formation of Local Regulation.
CASE REPORT | Aug. 30, 2018
Oral Palatal Nevus – A Case Report
Maria Giulia Nosotti, Luca Viganò, Cinzia Casu
Page no 259-261 |
Saudi J. Oral. Dent. Res.
Pigmented lesions of the oral cavity are an heterogeneous group with several
etiophatogenesis and they can have melanocytic or non-melanocytic origin . Solitary
pigmented melanocytic lesions of the oral cavity are rare. Oral nevus is a benign
proliferations of cells of melanocytic origin and they are rare, for this reason, the
literature is poor. Diagnosis of pigmented lesions of the oral cavity and perioral
tissues is difficult, therefore is essential the histopathological examination to make
a correct diagnosis . The objective of this article is to present a rare case report of oral
nevus in the palate. A 63 years old female patient reported a small black spot not bulging
and asymptomatic. This lesion has been surgically removed and analyzed. The
histological examination of the sample has confirmed the diagnosis and after a week the
palate was completely healed.
ORIGINAL RESEARCH ARTICLE | Aug. 30, 2018
Effect of Youth Enterprise Development Fund Services on the Growth of Micro and Small Enterprises in Nyando Constituency, Kenya
Allan Ochieng Osir
Page no 157-168 |
10.36348/sjef
The Kenyan government is currently supporting the start-up as well as the
growth of youth enterprises, in line with the Medium Term Plan of Vision 2030, by
creating a conducive environment and support programmes in order to develop the sector.
Despite these efforts, the performance of youth enterprises in Kenya has been miserable.
The breadth to which this huge amount of money has influenced the growth and profit
margins of these many youth enterprises remains unexplored. Furthermore, there is a lack
of enough literature as far as the effect of youth enterprise development fund on the
growth of MSEs. This research, therefore, sought to establish the effect of Youth
Enterprise Development Fund services on the growth of MSEs in Nyando Constituency.
The objectives that guided this study include: to determine the effect of YEDF lending
financing services on growth of youth MSEs in Nyando Constituency; to determine the
effect of YEDF linkage services with large enterprises on growth of youth MSEs in
Nyando Constituency; to establish the effect of YEDF marketing services on growth of
youth MSEs locally and internationally in Nyando Constituency and to determine the
extent to which YEDF provides Business Development Services to Youth MSEs in
Nyando Constituency. A descriptive survey research design was employed.
ORIGINAL RESEARCH ARTICLE | Aug. 30, 2018
The Role of Media Literacy In Protecting The Consumer In Saudi Arabia
Iyad A. Al-Nsour
Page no 1026-1043 |
10.21276/sjhss.2018.3.8.19
This study aimed at determining the effect of media on formation the
marketing literacy and also determining such marketing literacy on consumer
protection in Saudi Arabia. The study also aimed at determining the statistical
differences in marketing literacy and consumer protection according to Demographical
factors. The Study population consisted of all Saudi and non-Saudi consumers in
Riyadh city, whom reached to 5.8 Million in the year 2016. 386 people were selected,
and simple random sample was used. The study concluded that there is no statistical
impact of media on marketing literacy but there is a statistical impact of marketing
literacy on the consumer protection in Saudi Arabia. The study found that there are
statistical differences in marketing literacy and consumer protection according to
education level and such differences tend to the master holders. Finally, the study
suggested some recommendations and marketing implications that enhance marketing
literacy and consumer protection among consumers in Saudi Arabia.
ORIGINAL RESEARCH ARTICLE | Aug. 30, 2018
The Relationship between Monetary Aggregates and Economic Growth: Evidence from Nigeria
Joseph, I. Onyema
Page no 175-186 |
10.36348/sjef
This study examines the relationship between monetary aggregates and
economic growth with evidence from Nigeria. It examines the extent to which narrow and
broad money supply relate to Nigerian Real Gross Domestic Product. Data collected were
analyzed using multiple regression. The result of the study shows though broad money
supply (M2) has a salutary effect on the performance of the economy as shown by the
positive relationship it exhibits, the relationship is not such that monetary aggregates can
significantly contribute to the performance of the economy. The paper recommends that
since monetary aggregates are weak in achieving growth in the Nigerian economy, a
combination of monetary and fiscal policy measures , perhaps will achieve the desired
objective of growing the economy.
ORIGINAL RESEARCH ARTICLE | Aug. 30, 2018
Influence of Gravel Beds on Erosion of Sand by Submerged Jets
Amir S Ibraheem, Tarek H Nasrallah, Fahmy S Abdelhaleem, Mohamed E Basiouny
Page no 45-50 |
10.36348/sjce
This paper shows experimentally effect of gravel beds to reduce erosion of
soil downstream of submerged hydraulic jumps by using a physical model, gravel
beds are employed downstream of radial gate to dissipate the energy and to control
the erodibility of cohesionless soils. Two different types of gravel were considered,
natural particle with graded grain sizes, and non-uniform big grain sizes, a state of
smooth bed was included to estimate the influence of gravel beds on the scour hole
dimensions. A preliminary comparison of the incipient motion values shows that
granular soils downstream gravel bed have a smaller free surface flow erosion than
the granular soils downstream smooth bed. Additional comparison of the
experimental data incipient motion criteria also suggests that decrease void ratio for
gravel bed leads to minimize erosion the soil. The gravel beds reduce the maximum
scour hole by rate from 47% to 66% in comparing with the smooth bed.
ORIGINAL RESEARCH ARTICLE | Aug. 30, 2018
A Feasibility Study on the Mechanical Properties of Concrete by Replacing Cement with Animal Bone Powder
Nadia Nasser Rashid Al-Bahri, Cornelius Kanmalai Wiliams, Eman Muhye Adeen Muhye Adeen Al-Hatali
Page no 51-61 |
10.36348/sjce
The indiscriminate disposal of animal waste in the environment has led to
the search for solution by recycling these wastes, which includes the use of animal
bone waste in the construction industry, as a partial replacement of cement in
concrete. The aim of this project is to study the properties of the concrete by partial
replacement of cement with animal bone powder. The bone powder is replacing
cement partially by weight in mix proportion (3%, 6%, 9%, 12% and 15%). The
objectives of this research are to protect the environment from the harmful effects of
animal wastes by using animal bone powder in concrete as a partial replacement for
cement, to study the possibility of using animal bone powder in the concrete mix and
to investigate the effect of animal bone powder on the compressive and the spilt
tensile strength of the concrete mixture. Conduct preliminary tests on the basic
materials, including fine aggregate, coarse aggregate and cement. The mix design was
developed for C30 grade concrete using the ACI method. The mix proportion used is
1: 1.67: 2.34 with water cement ratio of 0.5. Cube samples with dimension of
150mm×150mmx150mm and cylinder samples of 150mm diameter and 300mm
height respectively were used to prepare concrete mix. Concrete samples were cast
during this study replacing the cement with the animal bone powder. A total of 18
cubes and 18 cylinders were cast in this study and the samples were cured in the water
tank for 28 days under normal conditions. Cube samples were tested for compressive
strength and cylinder samples for split test in a UTM. The research has shown that the
use of animal bone powder as a partial replacement of cement in concrete can affect
the properties of the concrete. The results of the experiments showed an increase in
compressive strength and split tensile strength when compared with the results of the
normal mix however; as the bone powder content increased a reduction in the
workability of the concrete was observed and recorded. Furthermore, the results
showed the optimal replacement percentage of BP in concrete is 6 percent with
compressive strength of 36.2 N/mm2 when compared with other replacement ratios.
Therefore, from an environmental and technical perspective, there is an opportunity to
utilize waste animal bones in concrete for construction applications.
CASE REPORT | Aug. 30, 2018
Bilateral Cantilever Bridge: A Treatment Option to Achieve Optimal Esthetics to Overcome Diastema
Abdurahman A N Maqbul, Hisham M Hamzi, Hassan H Zkri, Talal K Alshafie, Hussain M ALattas, Ahmed M Suhluli
Page no 231-234 |
10.21276/sjodr.2018.3.8.1
Esthetic tooth replacement is a challenging procedure for the dentist, patient,
and technician. Loss of the anterior teeth with existing diastema may result in excess
space. Various treatment options are available for the replacement of multiple anterior
teeth. These options include partial removable dental prosthesis (RDP), an implantsupported prosthesis, and conventional fixed dental prosthesis (FDP). FDP, along with
loop connector, is the best treatment option but not on those with limited interocclusal
space and with deep bite. The cantilever FDP with canine and lateral incisor is the proper
choice for such case. The cantilever FDP design enhances the natural appearance of the
restoration and proper contour, emergence profile, and dental forum. This clinical report
describes a technique that fabricates a bilateral three-unit metal ceramic (MC) cantilever
FDP to achieve optimal esthetics and functional correction for patients with missing
maxillary central incisors along with diastema in between central incisors.
ORIGINAL RESEARCH ARTICLE | Aug. 30, 2018
Effect of Olive Oil Application to Nipples during late Pregnancy on Prevention of Postpartum Nipple Trauma
Asmaa Abd Allah Ahmed, Yousseria Elsayed, Gehan Elghonemy, Ahmed Samy Ashour
Page no 222-227 |
10.21276/sjnhc
Nipple trauma is a common complaint among breastfeeding women and it is
one of the main reasons why some women decide to stop breastfeeding. It confronts
nursing women 3-6 days after birth, especially primipara. Nipples become painful and
start to show small cracks, which may bleed. This study aimed to test effect of olive oil
application to nipples during late pregnancy on prevention of post partum nipple trauma
.Subjects and methods (One group time series) quasi-experimental design was adopted in
this study to achieve the stated aim. Purposive sample of 100 pregnant women who met
inclusion criteria were recruited for the study from antenatal clinic of Obstetrics and
Gynecology Hospital. Data were collected through 4 tools (I) Maternal structured
interview questionnaire, (II) Nipple soreness rating scale (NSR),(III) Nipple trauma score
(NTS), (IIII) WHO B-R-E-A-S-T Feed observation form. Procedures were carried out
through four phases Interviewing, Pretest, Intervention, Posttest. Results The study finding
revealed that 67% of the study sample had no nipple trauma (score 0) according to nipple
trauma score assessment at 3rd day after starting breastfeeding, it was also revealed that
their is a highly significant relation between period and frequency of application of olive
oil to the nipples during late pregnancy and incidence of nipple trauma with breastfeeding
(p=.000).This study concluded that Olive oil is effective for prevention and treatment of
nipple trauma. The study recommended that application of olive oil during late pregnancy
is beneficial in prevention of nipple trauma.
ORIGINAL RESEARCH ARTICLE | Aug. 30, 2018
Effect of Emotional Support on Perceived Stress among Hospitalized High Risk Pregnant Women
Ebtesam Abdel Nabi Abdel Hamid, Yousseria Elsayed, Hanan Fahmy Azzam, Ahmed Samy Ashour
Page no 217-221 |
10.21276/sjnhc
Women hospitalized with high risk pregnancy are exposed to many stressors such
as separation from their families, unsuitable and noisy environment, hospital routine, lack of
privacy. Stress has negative effect on maternal, fetal and neonatal outcomes such as abortion,
preterm birth and low birth weight babies. One group time series research design. A
purposive sample of 45 high risk pregnant women. High risk in-patient (unit 21) at El
Manial University Hospital. A- Maternal Interviewing Questionnaire, B- Perceived
Stress Scale, C- Hospital Stressors Assessment Sheet. Study revealed statistical
significant difference in stress level before and after intervention due to emotional support
(X2 41.627, P .000*) and there is statistical significant difference between stress level and
maternal complications (X2 49.828, P .023*), but there is no statistical significant
difference between stress level and neonatal birth weight, neonatal complications(X2
18.280, P .107*), time and mode of delivery. Women hospitalized with high risk
pregnancy need not only medical treatment but also to give attention to their psychological
status and provide emotional support from health care providers.