Scholars observes a sharp decline in the research productivity of academics in terms of the number of articles published in Nigeria from 1980-1989 and 1990-1999 based on an analysis of 21 core Nigerian Library and Information Science (LIS) journals indexed in Social Science Citation Index database. They also observe that Nigeria has the highest proportion of rejected papers in Africa out of the papers submitted to the African Journal of Library, Archives and Information Science (AJLAIS) for publication. In an attempt to reinforce the notion of a low publication output in Africa, the UNESCO Statistical Yearbook which reports that 55 titles are being published per one million readers in the developing world as against the 487 titles per one million readers in the developed world. In the same vein, while reporting on low research output in Nigerian universities, The World Education News and Review (2006), states that Nigerian academics’ research output is relatively low. The report shows that out of over 70 universities in the country as at the time of the study, only 20 were found to have performed creditably well in terms of academic research production. This view has been corroborated by Agarin and Nwagwu (2006), to the effect that in 2005, Nigeria was ranked next to the least of the countries in the world with the evidence of scientific research. The paper historically reviewed the determinants of research productivity among Nigerian researchers. It concludes based on available statistics that Nigerian scholars’ position in terms of their contribution to international acceptable journals has continued to remain low. The paper urged the government of Nigeria to create the necessary institutional framework and support that will enable Nigerian academics to enhance their productivity.

Periodontitis are multifactorial infections that begin with a period of inflammation of the supporting tissues of the teeth and then progress destroying the tissues until loss of the teeth. The goal of periodontal treatment is to stop the progression of the disease, restore functions and regenerate the damaged tissue. However, regeneration of different tissues, by conventional treatments, still remains great challenge. To address this, there are several approaches to tissue engineering for regenerative dentistry, among them, the use of stem cells by including dental pulp stem cells (DPSCS), periodontal ligament stem cells (PDLSCS), stem cells from the dental apical papilla (SCAPS), stem cells from human exfoliated deciduous teeth (SHEDS), dental follicle stem cells (DFSCS), dental epithelial stem cells (DESCS), bone marrow mesenchymal stem cells (BMMSCS), adipose-derived stem cells (ADSCS), embryonicstem cells (ESCS) and induced pluripotent stem cells (IPSCS). This novel approach may represent an effective therapeutic tool for periodontal regeneration. However, there are still obscurities regarding the mechanisms underlying in periodontal regeneration and challenges in applications of dental stem cell. Further efforts are necessary before moving to clinical trials for future applications.

The year 2018 marked the 40th anniversary of the founding of the ASUU. As has been seen, during these forty years, Nigeria had experienced a great deal of political and societal unrest, and by any standards the history of the ASUU has been an eventful one. The formation of ASUU came at a time when the oil boom in Nigeria was beginning to decline and when the country was faced with the consequences of the failure of its rulers to utilize oil wealth to support production and a credible welfare system. Military dictatorship had become institutionalized and had eroded many fundamental freedoms in the society. ASUU‟s establishment in 1978 was mainly driven by the need to address the deterioration of education in the country especially under the military rule but the timing of the formation of the union is also indicative of the fact that it emerged into what was already a highly politicized environment. The paper is a review and an opinion based which assesses the relationship of ASUU with Military and Democratic regimes vis-à-vis the government education policies and the application and or respect for institutional autonomy of universities by various regimes in Nigeria. The paper found that ASUU struggles remained and continue to feature irrespective of the different regimes in Nigeria. It also concludes based on available historical records that the military regimes have had a more preponderance of abuse of universities administrative autonomy in comparison with democratic regimes.

Despite widespread use, little is known about the risk associated with insecticides exposure to human health hence, this study. 48 wistar rats (90-120g) were randomly grouped into six (n=8). All except Normal control (NC) were exposed to domestic insecticide fumes once every 48 hours. Group 2, insecticide control (IC) was exposed to (20% of 81.55mg/m3) 0.20mg/ml of DAKSH insecticide. Group 3, positive control (PC) was treated with a standard testosterone drug-Nugenix. Groups 4, 5 and 6 received 400mg/kg b.w each of crude extract (CE), ethylacetate and n-hexane fractions of Vernonia calvaona (VC) daily via orogastric intubation for 21 days. After administration, animal sacrifice and blood collection was done via cardiac puncture for analysis. The result presented a significant decrease (p<0.05) in testosterone of IC group compared to NC. Groups 3 and all treated groups effected progressive increase in testosterone concentration compared to IC group. FSH was significantly reduced (p>0.05) in IC and n-hexane fraction of VC compared to control. However, nugenix treated and ethylacetate fraction caused a remarkable increase in FSH compared to IC. WBC was significantly decreased (p<0.05) in IC and n-hexane groups compared to control. The Crude Extract treated group significantly increased WBC count compared to IC group. Histopathological studies of the testes showed varied levels of histological derangements in IC while Ethyl acetate treated group showed highest regenerative ability. This study revealed that insecticides adversely affected male gonads while the extracts showed ameliorative effects with the highest effect seen in ethyl acetate fraction in managing the insecticide induced damage.

The fundamentalists often perceive that Islam and its principles are a hindrance to innovation. Relevant, extensive research proved otherwise. For example, a comparison of research on innovation in the Islamic and non-Islamic perspective was made, which verified that Islam does promote innovation. As this is a content analysis paper, it is important to acknowledge that there are five types of innovation in Islamic banking. They are Islamic financial product innovation, Islamic bank process innovation, Islamic bank marketing innovation, innovation and risk management in Islamic finance, and Islamic work value and innovation. After comparing with research on innovation in the non-Islamic perspective, it was found that there is still a lack of protection for the innovation and the Islamic perspective also lack measures for the innovation.

Wounds are a significant cause of morbidity worldwide, studies show that for every million wound patients, at least 10.000 die from microbial infections. The skin is a vital organ that serves as a protective barrier between the human bodies on its external environment. Staphylococcus aureus has been known as a cause of deepseated wound infection for close to a century, having recognized as a cause of nosocomial infection and super infection in patients receiving antimicrobial agent such as surgical cases. MRSA colonizing the anterior nares and skin of human are the major sources of surgical site infection as well as nosocomial spread. Methicillin-resistant Staphylococcus aureus (MRSA) are bacteria resistant to penicillin and cephalosporin classes of antibiotics and are often resistant to many other classes of antibiotics. Importance of S. aureus as persistent nosocomial and community acquired pathogen has become a global health concern. The aim of this study to determine the frequency and antibiotic susceptibility pattern of S.aureus isolated from wound infected patient attending Wad Madani Teaching Hospitals. Two hundred samples collected from patients with infected wound at the period from April to July 2016. Out of 200 samples examined, 60 (30%) isolates of S. aureus obtained, 116 (58%) other bacterial species and 24 (12%) samples showed no growth. The highest isolation rate of S. aureus 60% occurred among age group (41-60) and according to gender 32 (53.3%) S. aureus isolated from male and 28 (46.7%) from female. The overall profile of susceptibility pattern showed that vancomycin and linezolid were more sensitive (100%), amoxicillin and penicillin were the least sensitive (10%) and (36%) respectively. The result of the study showed that frequency of S. aureus isolated from infected wounds 60 (30%) and vancomycin and linezolid are more effective in the management of S. aureus in this locality.

Genes are the smallest functional units of the genetic system, which control the development and function of all organisms. A gene is a linear sequence of DNA that codes for a particular protein. Gene therapy is based on principle that a normal gene is inserted to compensate for a nonfunctional gene and abnormal gene can be repaired through selective reverse mutation. It uses purified preparations of a gene or a fraction of gene to treat diseases. Gene therapy can be used to treat wide range of diseases ranging from single gene disorder to multi-gene disorder. It has variety of applications in the field of dentistry like in cancerous and precancerous condition, salivary gland disorders, autoimmune diseases, bone repair, DNA vaccination, bone repair etc.

GV Black proposed a classification for recording caries which served the purpose efficiently for almost 100 years. Owing to its inbuilt shortcomings and current knowledge on cariology and induction of modern technology and restorative materials, Black‘s philosophy has been rendered despondently ineffective. Though various more comprehensive classifications and caries management systems have been evolved but Black‘s classification remains popular tool for recording of caries worldwide. The similar situation is found among dental professionals in Pakistan. This study was planned with the objective to know the reason for not using other classification systems and awareness about the existence of newer systems among Operative Dentistry / cariology specialists or teachers. A content validated close-ended questionnaire was used as a tool for this survey based study. The questionnaire based on two-point Likert scale with options of ―Yes ―and ‗No‖ comprising of ten simple queries regarding Black‘s caries classification was sent personally to all those who showed willingness to participate in the study and was recollected within 15 days. 85% of the participant agreed that Black‘s classification focuses on treating dental cavities and not the carious process itself and 95% were aware of existence of more conservative modes of caries classification. Majority confirmed that Black‘s classification isn‘t compatible with minimal interventional approach to dental treatment. Even then, this is the chief classification that is followed in dental schools in Pakistan. Black‘s classification isn‘t well-suited for existing philosophy for caries management and dental profession should switch over to already existing more compatible classification.

Abstract: Vesico-uterine fistula (VUF) is an uncommon urogenital fistula. Menouria is an important clinical feature of this fistula. A case report of VUF following cesarean sections is reported. There were several investigations done to arrive at a diagnosis of VUF. This case was successfully managed by surgical repair. One year following the repair she conceived and currently she is ten weeks of pregnant. VUF can be prevented by good surgical techniques.

Calcification in the carotid artery (CACs) can be visible in the panoramic radiographs (PRs) near the region of the cervical vertebrae C3-C4, posterior to angle of mandible. The aim of this study was to evaluate the incidence of CACs on PRs and their linkage with hypertension, age, gender and smoking habits. PRs of 2000 patients were evaluated. The age group was chosen between 20 to70 year old people and their PRs had been taken for different clinical reasons. Information about smoking habits, hypertension and other vascular events was obtained from OPD case papers. The observers analyzed the presence of radiopaque mass in the region of posterior to angle of mandible bilaterally on PRs. The results showed a 0.6 % incidence of CACs on 2000 PRs. In our study no significant relationship was found between smokers and incidence of carotid artery calcification .In our study significant statistical correlation found between CVD and PAD and associated risk factor with CAC on panoramic radiographs.

Abstract: Abnormal uterine bleeding is the most common complaint in gynecology. Dilatation and Curettage is a blind procedure. Hysteroscopy has ushered in a new era in the evaluation of abnormal uterine bleeding. By direct visualization of the uterine cavity it is able to pin point the etiology. This study evaluates the role of hysteroscopy in the diagnosis of Abnormal Uterine Bleeding and its correlation with histopathological findings. The Prospective study was conducted in Department Of Obstetrics and Gynecology , Mahatma Gandhi Institute Of Medical Sciences ,a Rural tertiary Hospital of Central India over a period of one year. A total of 50 subjects ,women of age group 30-60 years, in one year, having abnormal uterine bleeding were included in study. Prospective study was done to know hysteroscopic correlation with histopathology. In this study abnormal findings on hysteroscopy were found in 26 patients (52%), while in the remaining 24 patients (48%) no abnormality was detected. The results of hysteroscopy and dilatation and curettage were in agreement in 84% patients, hysteroscopy revealed more information than curettage in 12 % patients and curettage revealed more information than hysteroscopy in 4% patients. Hysteroscopy is an important diagnostic tool in evaluation of AUB and can be considered superior to curettage. It is a safe, reliable, feasible and quick procedure.

This study aims to determine the relationship between employee motivation and the level of urban services, especially the service of urban garbage at the Environmental Office of Gorontalo City. The research method using descriptive method, data collection techniques using questionnaires and direct observation in the field. While data analysis using regression analysis technique and correlation with research scope on employee motivation dimension and service level of urban area. The result of the research showed that employee motivation motivation 57,14% employee have high work motivation with average score 81,8 and 42,86% employee have low work motivation. While in terms of urban service level shows that as many as 27.14% of employees stated high service level with an average score of 63.86 and as many as 71.43% said stating employees the level of service is as well as 1.43% said stating employees low service levels . correlation coefficient r = 0.346, there is correlation between employee motivation and level of service of urban with weak category. Regression equation Y = 31.4 + 0.397 X or contribution / influence of independent variable of employee motivation to dependent variable of urban service level equal to coefficient b = 0,397. There is a positive relationship between employee motivation and the level of urban services but the motivation to the employees of the Gorontalo City Environmental Office has little effect on the level of urban services.

The relevance of the International economic institutions and Economic Development Agreements (EDAs) in the world today cannot be overemphasized. Several scholars have opined that they engender developments, particularly, in the country or countries of interest, and/or where the EDAs have binding force. In the same vein, the concept and principles of sustainable development balances the need for economic advancement with the need to preserve global environment to the benefit of the present and future generation. This paper examined the role of international economic institutions and economic development agreements in pursuing sustainable development. From the examination, it was observed that EDAs executed between countries now consider environmental factors and other aspects of sustainable development as veritable elements. And that Sustainable development has reshaped the interpretation of key provisions within the WTO’s agreements.

Several denture based materials have been used with a wide range of applications. Several techniques have been used in recent time to improve its properties for better durability, strength and working. To compare Impact Strength, Compressive Strength, Tensile Strength, Hardness and Dimensional accuracy of autopolymerized, postpolymerized microwave exposed autopolymerized and heat-cured denture base resins. Specimens were prepared by different modes of polymerization using autopolymerization technique, microwave post-polymerization treatment of autopolymerized acrylic resin and conventional water bath technique. The specimens were then subjected to various tests to evaluate strength (Impact, compressive, Tensile) and Hardness. There is statistically significant difference was found between mean impact strength and compressive strength of autopolymerized, postpolymerized microwave exposed autopolymerized and heat-cured denture base resin. There is no statistically significant difference between mean tensile strength of autopolymerized acrylic resin and postpolymerized microwave exposed autopolymerized acrylic resin (p=1.000) but a statistically significant difference was found between mean tensile strength of autopolymerized acrylic resin and heat-cured denture base resins (p=0.001). There was a statistically significant difference between mean Rockwell Hardness Number of autopolymerized acrylic resin and postpolymerized microwave exposed autopolymerized acrylic resin (p=0.005). A statistically significant difference was also found between mean Rockwell Hardness Number of postpolymerized microwave exposed autopolymerized acrylic resin and heat-cured denture base resins (p=0.001). Similarly, there was statistically significant difference was found between mean Rockwell Hardness Number of autopolymerized acrylic resin and heat-cured denture base resins (p=0.03). Comparison of mean linear dimensional change between autopolymerized and postpolymerized microwave exposed autopolymerized denture base resins showed no statistically significant difference in the mean dimensional change between the autopolymerized and postpolymerized microwave exposed autopolymerized denture base resins (p=0.051). Heat-cured acrylic resin exhibited the maximum values for Impact strength, Compressive Strength, Tensile Strength, Hardness and Dimensional Accuracy and Impact Strength of autopolymerized acylic resin improved after microwave postpolymerization treatment. Whereas, Hardness is decreased and Dimensional accuracy remained unaffected after the microwave postpolymerization treatment of autopolymerized acrylic resin.

Projects are a means by which new and improved products and services can be delivered. In today‟s digital, real-time marketplace, it is important that organizations are able to deliver products and services to market as quickly and efficiently as possible. A sequential approach to project delivery does not support change and is perceived as cumbersome and slow to deliver. In contrast, agile project delivery is adaptive and flexible. The agile approach to project delivery supports a differing mindset. A mindset that is focused on growth and delivery, in short manageable components, embracing and not rejecting change. Working within an agile project delivery framework is different, and requires project team members and participants to embrace a new way of working. A way of working that is focused on delivery through collaboration, and less of an emphasis on documentation.