Abstract: Lipoprotein (a) is independently associated with Atherosclerotic Cardiovascular Disease (ASCVD) and is referred to as the most atherogenic lipoprotein. It is synergistic with the effects of low density lipoprotein cholesterol (LDL-C). Unlike other major classes of lipoproteins that have a normal distribution in the population, plasma levels of Lipoprotein (a) / Lp (a) have a skewed distribution towards the lower end with 85% population having concentration <30 mg/dL. The aim of present study is to estimate the level of serum Lp(a) in cerebrovascular diseases or Strokes. The study was conducted in the Department of Medicine, Department of Biochemistry, Sushila Tiwari Memorial Hospital, the teaching hospital of Uttaranchal Forest Hospital Trust (UFHT) Medical College, Haldwani (Nainital), Uttarakhand, on patients of cerebrovascular disease (CVD) which included estimation of Lp(a) and lipid profile (TC, TG, HDLc, LDLc, VLDLc) test. Out of the 17 women and 36 men in whom Lp (a) was measured, 2 women (mean age63.5 years) and 21 men (59years) had CVD (CVD(+), while 15 women (50.13 years) and 15 men (52.33 years) had no CVD [CVD(–)]. As shown in Table 1, there were no significant differences between women with or without CVD in age and concentration of total plasma cholesterol. The study was based on a small sized cohort of 23 cases suffering from (CVD) out of which 21 were males and 2 were females. Thirty (30) healthy subjects were taken as controls, who were not suffering from any disease, which may affect serum lipid levels and without any history of cerebrovascular disease. Total-C, LDLc, VLDLc, Triglyceride, HDLc, LDL/HDL, Cholesterol/HDL and Lp(a) were estimated in all the cases.

Lip prints are normal lines and fissures in the forms of wrinkles and grooves present in the zone of transition of human lip, between the inner labial mucosa and outer skin. Examination of this lip prints is known as cheiloscopy. Some authors have worked on lip print in the past and made some striking points on its application in forensic studies and human identification. The study was carried out to identify and compare the lip prints patterns among the Igbos. The study was done to investigate and document the characteristic cheiloscopic pattern of Igbos and to assess the distribution of lip print patterns among males and females. A total of 300 subjects were used for the study. 150 were males, 150 were females, all of which were normal subjects. Subjects were selected and identified based on an oral interview. These subjects were selected through purposive convenient sampling method. The males and females had their highest percentage distribution in type I (35.73%) and (30.53%) respectively; the least percentage was in type IV (9.33 %) for the males and type I’ (7.80%) for the females. this study has been able to establish the cheiloscopic patterns for the Igbo ethnic group in Nigeria. The dominant pattern of the population was type I followed by type II and the least was type I’. It also revealed sexual dimorphism in the patterns and frequency of distribution of lip prints.

Abstract: The Purpose of the study was to EMG Analysis of Chest and Back Muscles and their Correlation with the Performance of Jump Tennis Service in Volleyball. Coverage/ Selection of Subjects: Universe of the Study: The study was confined to India only. Sampling Frame: Subjects were selected as a sampling frame from India only and their age was ranging from 16 to 28 years. Sampling Methods: Subjects were selected on the basis of purposively random sampling method. Sampling Size: A total of 12 male professional Volleyball players from India were selected for the study. Units of Observation: Observations were made on the following Variables/contents: Pectoralis Major (PMJ), & Trapezius (TP). Criterion Measures: Muscles activities during jump tennis service in volleyball were measured by Neuro Trac Myo Plus 4. The data was recorded in micro volt (µv). Statistical Techniques: The concerned data was analyzed by using descriptive statistical in order to electromyographic analyses of chest & back muscles during executing the jump tennis service in volleyball. In order to determine the relationship of selected (chest & back) muscles activities with the performance of jump tennis service in volleyball, Pearson Multiple Correlation Technique was used. The level of significance for the entire analysis was set at the 0.05 level. Conclusions: According to finding the study, Trapezius muscle showed the highest activation level of EMG during execution of jump tennis servive in Volleyball. Pectoralis muscles showed the 5th highest activation level of EMG during execution of jump tennis service in Volleyball. Only one muscles group that is Pectoralis is found correlated with the performance of jump tennis service in Volleyball. The insignificant relationship was found between back (Trapezius) muscles and with the performance of jump tennis service in Volleybali.

This study examined the ecotoxicological evaluation of commercial fish pond in Mgbuoba, Port Harcourt, Rivers State Nigeria using water quality and gross anatomical assessment of Clarias gariepenus, using African Aquaculture Centre (ARAC) as a reference site. In this research the following were done: Gross anatomical assessment of the farmed fish which comprised of condition factor (CF), Organo-Somatic Index (OSI) and Health Assessment Index (HAI) and physico-chemical properties of pond water. The chemical assessment involved environmental water quality index (EWQI) and heavy metal assessment. The gross anatomical assessment involved the sampling of twenty table-sized fish harvested from the Mgbuoba commercial fish pond which were compared with ten table-sized fishes of the same specie harvested from an aqua-cultured centre, ARAC. The EWQI of the commercial fish pond was considered to be of a fair quality, condition factor recorded showed that fishes from Mgbuoba were in better condition than that of ARAC, health assessment index was poor in fishes harvested from ARAC. The organosomatic index showed that Mgbuoba fishes had a high mean values for Gills and Liver respectively. Using one-way Anova statistical analysis, no significant difference (p>0.05) were noted between Mgbuoba commercial fish pond and ARAC. It is suggested that at intervals the health status and water control should be examined/analyzed to keep a suitable habitat for the fishes and make consumption safe humans.

In the present world, due to tremendous development in technology, a huge amount of information is available everywhere. Therefore, it is difficult for the users to understand the main content of the entire document as it takes a lot of time. In this work we use extractive text summarization which uses a method to give the version of summary for one or more file or document. Here we give an approach that maps sentences to nodes of a hierarchical ontology. Ontology explains what exists in a particular domain. For the ontology creation, vocabularies are collected. It is used as background knowledge and helps to find the related meaning of the terms which occur in the source documents. Text mining is the technique from which high quality information is derived from text. Clustering is a significant task. The clustering method groups similar or related terms into a single group. In the first stage, data collection takes place. The preprocessing stage includes stemming and stop words removal.TF-IDF process occurs after which clustering takes place. In the ontology creation, first the determination of the main sub topics of the article of interest is done. We classify sentences to nodes which have a predefined hierarchical ontology. Each ontology node has bag-of-words from a web search. We represent sentences by sub trees that permit to apply measures of similarity and find relations between sentences. The ontology used in this work is not domainspecific; it does not require labelled data. this work can be extended to topics focused on summarization framework to news articles or blogs and to also to various machine learning approaches

According to World Health Organization (WHO), “hygiene refers to conditions and practices that assistance to keep up wellbeing and avoid the spread of disease. Personal hygiene includes those practices performed by a person to care of one’s bodily well- being, through cleanliness. A Cross sectional descriptive study was conducted in primary school of Hussain Abad of Lahore. The instrument use for the data collection was adopted questioner and convenient sampling technique was used. Study included 119 primary school children most of them were males (55.4%), the majority were rural resident (88.7%) with their age ranged between 5-12 years and median age 10 years. More than three quarters of the children (77.1%) knew the requirement of personal hygiene. On the other hand more than half of them had a special towel and comb. About two thirds of children (65.4%) had good to moderate knowledge with nearly three quarters (73.6%) had positive attitudes and more than half (55.4%) had good practice. There was a moderate positive correlation between knowledge score with both the attitude and practice scores. Male and older children had a significant better knowledge, attitude and practice than female and younger ones. Residence had no significant effect on children knowledge, attitude and practice. Preschool children knowledge, attitudes, and practices about personal hygiene were deficient in some aspects.

Globally there is an alarming situation where incidences of burn injury are very high. Every year approximately 265000 deaths are reported globally due to fire and burn related injuries and low income countries are affected the most. Worldwide statistics are such that in south East Asia (57%) deaths are reported due to burn injury, followed by Africa about 12%. The rate is lower in Eastern Mediterranean region which is about 11%. The main purpose of this study was, to assess the nurse’s practices related to aseptic techniques in management of burn patients at Jinnah Hospital and Mayo Hospital Lahore. A cross sectional descriptive survey was performed. A convenient sample of n=75 was used to collect the information. A structured questionnaire with demographic variables and causes variables was applied. The data was analyzed on SPSS version 21. 60% said that there appropriate adequate sink-be available, 92% said that there is water and soap supply in the ward while 98.7% said that there are adequate surface disinfectant, 52% said that adequate shoe cover before procedure and 98.67% answers are adequate nurse preparation before procedure. The purpose of this study was to assess the nurses practices related to aseptic techniques in burn patients, where very satisfactory practices were found.

The aim of this paper is to explore the key roles of higher education institutions based in the UK in terms of developing key skills to further prepare students for employment. The paper is exploring several key authorities and agencies based in the UK that have significant responsibility to assuring the quality of higher education in the country. The paper is focused on several key themes that are related to the research topic which can be summarised as the following: Culture, Graduate attributes and employability. The research is based on a review of a number of secondary sources from academic and professional articles as well as relevant agencies reports such as the Quality Assurance Agency (QAA) and according to the performance indicators published by the Higher Education Funding Council For England (HEFCE).

The aim of this paper is to explore the importance of research informed teaching in higher education and possible methods of imbedding it into the teaching practice. The paper is providing clarity on the key typologies of applying research informed teaching which can be divided as the following: Firstly, research led approach. Secondly, research-oriented approach. Thirdly, research-based approach. Fourthly, research tutored approach. The paper is also providing a case study based on the school of business and hospitality management within London College of Contemporary Arts (LCCA) to share practices that are currently being applied or planned as future activities. Furthermore, the paper is providing key benefits and challenges of embedding research informed teaching in curriculum. The paper concludes highlighting key recommendations derived from the review as well as the case study provided.

Performance management in the public sector is faced with a unique batch of challenges, and these challenges need to be addressed and overcome if universities can hope to succeed in achieving their missions. And yet, many organizations are not even aware that these challenges exist. They’re using recommended models and tools but often applying them in the wrong way or wrong context and therefore not seeing the results they would hope for oganizations have to build their capacity and improve their organizational effectiveness with an eye towards sustainability and long-term change. Student recruitment is driven by the need to fill available places, but is also influenced by issues of quality, income generation and equity in participation. Funding is a constant source of concern, for both teaching and research, with institutions looking to both diversify and maximise income streams, whilst also looking to achieve enhanced efficiency and value for money. Globalisation and internationalisation, and new technology, pose additional challenges to universities. However, arguably the greatest pressures arise from increasing competition and marketisation, and from the politicisation of higher education.

Completion, access and participation in education are currently the most important ones in the implementation of education for all. This is particularly so when one considers the problems surrounding early marriages observed to lead to lower school completion rates and increased dropouts. It is with this in mind that the present study sought to examine the extent of early marriage practice on students’ completion and drop out in Nyamira North sub-county, Nyamira County, Kenya. The study adopted a descriptive survey design. The population was 38 Principals and students and 1400 parents. The sample was 322 students, 38 G/C teachers and parents. The survey instruments were piloted in Kisii County using the test-re-test method. The reliability coefficient obtained was 0.78 which was considered good enough for a scientific study. In addition, the research instruments were subjected to the scrutiny of two experts who established face as well as content validity. Data was collected from respondents using a specially designed questionnaire and interview schedule. The findings may enable students to obtain an education that is likely to lengthen their stay in school thus ending up in avoiding early marriages. The findings of the present study revealed that most of the principals, 52 percent responded that the extent of early marriage practice on students’ completion and drop out is very high. Few of them saw it as normal and that was 10.3 percent while 3.9 reported that not applicable at all. It also found out those 23 G /C teachers which makes up 61 percent agreed that female students are more linked to dropout than boys. The study concluded that more effort by all stakeholders be encouraged to retain students in schools till completion. The study recommended that guidance and counseling in schools be activated, G/C teachers should be motivated and equally important, the chaplaincy programs be initiated in schools for spiritual edification. The study considered the ethical considerations and respondents were explained the purpose of the study, guarded against plagiarism and respondents consent was sought.

Academic performance in Nyandarua Central sub-county has been dwindling for more than a decade now with no tangible cause got so far. Several educationists have been unable to unearth what ails it, mainly targeting teaching methods and improving them through Strengthening mathematics and science Education initiative, (SMASE), with no improvement and have left it to persist, prompting the locals to feel obliged to search for solutions to their problem. This study therefore sought to establish the influence of divorce on student's academic achievement in public secondary schools in Nyandarua Central sub- county, Kenya. The study was governed by Joyce Epstein’s theory of parental involvement in children’s academic achievement. The study used mixed methodology and concurrent triangulation design in data collection and analysis, by first clustering the twenty schools into day and boarding schools which have unique manifestation of extraneous causes and of non-performance in academics. The target population was secondary school students in public schools in this sub county are 12,800 of whom those that experience conflict at home number 4,661 and 960 parents and 600 teachers out of whom the sample was 270 students, 180 teachers and 240 parents. Data on performance was collected from progressive performance records of end tem examinations, while information on family conflict was gathered using questionnaires for students, teachers and parents and interview schedules for clarity and to increase response rate by busy respondents. Validity was done by the expert in the department and research. Reliability of the instruments was done by piloting and test retest administered Cronbach's Coefficient Alpha of 0.73 was realized. Quantitative data was analyzed descriptively by graphs, percentages, frequencies. The packages for social sciences (SPSS 22), whereas qualitative data was analyzed thematically, it was presented in narrative form. The results of this research showed an existence very high percentage 60% of administers agreed family set up influences academic achievement. The mean number of siblings of the respondents was 8.49 with a standard deviation of 1.37 siblings. A cumulative percentage of 91.0% of the respondents had up to 4 siblings. This implies most families have at most 6 members. The study concluded that the strong parental involvement is essential for educational progress and success. Consent of the respondets was sought. Based on the findings of the study the study recommended that: the society should strengthen family unit to reduce conflicts that pose challenges to pupil’s academic efforts. Parents should closely follow up children’s schools routines and coordinate with teachers, healthy dialogue, motivate and advice children on studies.

The purpose of this study was to establish the leadership skills employed by principal on student academic performance in public teachers training colleges in Lake Region, Kenya. This research therefore, targeted all 4 Principals, 4 Board of Management chair persons and 52 college HODs and 180 student leaders‟ total of 240 participants. The sampling technique applied here was convenient sampling for principals, BOM-chairmen and HODs for they were few hence all were considered 100 percent. Hence purposive sampling to select principals, BOM chairpersons and HODs. While 30 % was used to select student leaders whose population was 180. Stratified sampling technique was used to distribute the student leaders equitably to the four colleges (15-each) that also ensured gender equality and random sampling was finally used to select the participating sample. Questionnaires and interviews schedules were used in collecting data. The researcher ensured that these instruments were tested for reliability by using test re- test methods and validity by using suggestions from supervisors before setting out to collect data. Split-Half technique was employed for the test of reliability, the Pilot questionnaires were divided into two equivalent halves and their correlation co-efficient for the two halves computed using the Spearman rank correlation coefficient, describing the internal consistency of the test then if it showed that the instrument is reliable, correlation coefficient minimum of 0.65 was accepted as reliable. The researcher adhered to regulations and ethical considerations. The findings revealed that administrative council met (50%) both monthly and quarterly; he had facilitated strategic planning by monitoring and ensuring a high budget adherence as indicated by (75%) he as well ensured departments meet regularly by (75%). The study concluded that the Principals had time management skills. The study recommends that all Principals must be well trained on time management periodically because time is a key management skill. The researcher adhered to research ethics including plagiarism and getting the consent of respondents among others.

This study seeks to investigate the existence of ethnic differences in birth weight and cesarean deliveries amongst the ethnic groups in Port Harcourt, Nigeria. The study was a retrospective review research. University of Port Harcourt teaching Hospital, Port Harcourt between 2003 and August 2008. The study was a retrospective review research involving a dataset of 1287 (Ibo n = 241, Ikwerre n = 316, Kalabari n = 322, Ogoni n = 200 and Yoruba n =208) culled from over 3560 live singleton births maternity records covering deliveries for five years (2003 - 2008) at the University of Port Harcourt Teaching Hospital; Port Harcourt, Nigeria. The data obtained were analyzed using SPSS statistics software 2008 and the level of significance used was P < 0.05. Student T- test, One-way analysis of variances, Correlation analysis and Pearson chi square. There are significant differences P <-0.001 in the mean birth weights of the five ethnic groups. The prevalence of cesarean deliveries among the ethnic group was significantly associated with the Ibo ethnic group ( Ibo 12.45%, Ikwerre 11.07%, Kalabari 9.94%, Ogoni 7.50% and Yoruba 6.73%: X² = 12.25, df = 2, P = 0.003). The study revealed that the Ibo ethnic group has higher birth weight which may be the predisposing factor to higher percentage of Cesarean deliveries.

Oral cancer ranks in the top three of all cancers in India, which accounts for over thirty percent of all cancers reported in the Country and oral cancer control is quickly becoming a global health priority [1]. Two-thirds of the global incidence of oral cancer occurs in low- and middle-income countries (LMICs); half of those cases are in South Asia. India alone accounts for one-fifth of all oral cancer cases and one-fourth of all oral cancer deaths [5]. Since oral screening and early diagnosis plays an important role in oral cancer prognosis, a dentist ability to recognize the clinical signs and symptoms is crucial [21].