Legumes provide good source of protein, complex carbohydrate, dietary fibre, essential vitamins and minerals and are used as food and feed purposes. In most of the developing countries, animal protein is expensive and as an alternative, legumes are consumed majorly as a source of protein. They further complement proteins from other plant sources, such as, cereal grains where they contribute essential amino acids to the diets in different parts of the world. Aside the nutritional content, they also possess nonnutrients components otherwise known as the bioactive compounds, which include inhibitors of proteases and amylases, lectins, saponins, phytic acid and phenolic compounds. Out of all these bioactive compounds, phenolic compounds are of great importance because, apart from contributing to the seed colour and sensory characteristics of the seed, they also provide several biological properties with proposed health-related benefits. Phenolic compounds are natural bioactive compounds found in legumes used for combating free radicals and reducing the oxidative damage responsible by chronic diseases.

Since the 21st century, the science and technology have developed by leaps and bounds. At the same time, with the increasing exchanges among countries in politics, culture, science and technology, trade and so on, cross-cultural communication has attracted more and more attention. It is worth noting that in the process of cross-cultural communication, due to the different cultures, mistakes, contradictions and conflicts are emerging. Different countries, different peoples have their own unique culture, so misunderstandings always happen. The different cultures, values and ways of thinking, often lead to the failure of communication, which seriously affects the efficiency of cross-cultural communication. Therefore, through the analysis of pragmatic failure in cross-cultural communication, this paper tries to find a solution to this problem.

The ferment of cassava is prepared according to various methods by the producers of Attiéké, according to the ethnic group. During the investigation, five main methods of preparation of the cassava ferment, used for the production of Attiéké, were identified. The method of preparation of the ferment from the raw cassava, begin with the cutting roughly or small cylindrical pieces of the not peeled cassava tubers, before the fermentation by all of the producers of Attiéké of the ethnic group Abouré (9.4 %). The fermentation time is of 3 days for the whole boiled and braised peeled cassava, of 2 days for the cassava cut in pieces boiled and of 4 days for the braised not peeled and raw cassava. The packing material is constitutes in the majority of the cases (51.1 %) of bag of polypropylene (collectively called bag of rice or salt). The fishing net and the bag of jute are particularly also used for the ethnic groups Adjoukrou and Abouré. However, the plastic bag is used to create the waterproofness of the packing material and the envelope of the bark of the palm tree to favor the colonization of the cassava by germs fermentatives for the ethnic group Attié. Only the ferment of cut boiled cassava in certain cases, does not undergo cleaning before its use in the process of preparation of Attiéké.

Consumption of thermoxidised and photoxidised palm oil diets is known to be harmful to tissues in the body including the reproductive system. It is not known which of these two forms of the commonly consumed vegetable oils is less harmful to reproductive function. Fifteen male Wistar rats weighing 80-125g and aged 19 to 23 weeks were randomly divided into control, thermoxidised palm oil (TPO) and photoxidised palm oil (PPO) diets-fed groups of five rats per group. Control group was fed on plain rat feeds while the other two groups were fed on TPO diet or PPO diet accordingly for 13 weeks. Results demonstrated a significantly lower seminal pH in the PPO-fed than in the TPO-fed group (P<0.01) and control (P<0.05). Sperm motility was significantly reduced in the PPO-fed compared with TPO-fed groups (P<0.05). The viability of sperms was significantly decreased in PPO-fed rats compared with the TPO-fed group (P<0.05) and control (P<0.01). Sperm count was significantly lower in PPO-fed compared with TPO-fed group (P<0.01). Percentage of sperms with morphological defects was significantly higher in the PPO- than in the TPO-fed groups (P<0.01). Serum testosterone concentration was significantly decreased in PPO-fed compared with TPO-fed group (P<0.001). Serum luteinizing hormone (LH) level was significantly decreased (p<0.001) in PPO-fed group compared with control and TPO-fed groups. Serum concentration of follicle stimulating hormone (FSH) was significantly decreased (p<0.001) in PPO-fed group compared with control and TPO-fed groups. In conclusion, chronic consumption of PPO diet has greater deleterious effects on male reproductive function than TPO diet

The study is conducted in the city of Sanlıurfa as a descriptive study, and the aim of the study is to determine the smoking exposure and affecting factors in pregnant women. Sample size is calculated as 256; the estimated smoking cessation rate is 4.4%, the error limit is 2.5% and confidence interval is 95.0%. In the study, it was reported that 9.8% of pregnant women smoke and the average amount of cigarettes smoked per day during pregnancy is 5.3 ± 4.4. For the pregnant women; the mean duration of smoking before pregnancy is 4.6 ± 3.8 years and the average amount of cigarettes smoked per day is 8.9 ± 7.0. Of the women; 41.8% are exposed to secondhand tobacco smoke at home, since their husbands smoke; 55.1% are exposed to secondhand tobacco smoke at home due to their relatives; and 27.3% are exposed to secondhand tobacco smoke at work. In univariate analyzes, the smoking exposure is found to be higher in the Turkish speaking families than in the Kurdish and Arabic speaking families and in the families in which the husbands earn money than in which husbands don't earn money (p <0.05). Although the rate of pregnant women who smoke is lower than the total value of Turkey; the rate of passive exposure to tobacco smoke is higher. In the light of these results, it is suggested that antenatal care health personnel should provide counseling services regarding harms and passive smoking should be provided to pregnant women, their spouses and their family members and that these informing, counseling and prevention activities for smoking should be performed and generalized throughout Turkey.

Abstract: Syndrome Z is defined as the co-occurrence of obstructive sleep apnea (OSA) and metabolic syndrome. There is a paucity of information on the magnitude of syndrome Z in the community and the factors associated with it. Obstructive sleep apnea (OSA) has been linked to increased cardiovascular morbidity and mortality from both coronary heart disease and stroke [1-3] but whether this risk is due to coexistent known cardiovascular risk factors or specific effects of OSA remains to be established. In populations at risk of vascular disease, many patients who experience a cardiovascular event either do not have identifiable risk factors or have disease severity which appears to be out of proportion to their known risk factors. A lot of the variance in the incidence of vascular disease is therefore not explained by known risk factors. It is possible that OSA is a cardiovascular risk factor, previously largely unrecognized, which may account for some of the apparently unexplained variance in vascular risk. Systemic hypertension during daytime measurements of blood pressure is common in patients with OSA [8] but a causal link between these two conditions has been disputed [2, 3]. Sleep apnea has been shown to be common in patients with hypertension [8-11] and, conversely, patients with OSA have a high prevalence of hypertension [1, 5]. The frequency with which risk factors for hypertension such as increasing age and obesity coexist in patients with OSA has confounded identification of a causal relationship between OSA and hypertension.

Vitamin D plays a role with hormones in their receptor sites. Without vitamin D, hormones cannot function the way they would normally. The receptor sites malfunction, leaving estrogen, progesterone, testosterone, luteinizing hormone, and follicle stimulating hormone in the lurch. Without healthy action at receptor sites, hormones don’t get utilized. The menstrual cycle fails as a result PCOS results. There is no published data about the relationship between vitamin D deficiency and polycystic ovaries syndrome among Sudanese ladies with infertility disorders. To know the association between vitamin D deficiency and polycystic ovaries syndrome among Sudanese ladies with infertility disorders. Descriptive, cross-sectional study, 39 Sudanese ladies with known PCOS and infertility disorders were involved in the study. 71.8% of ladies with polycystic ovaries syndrome were vitamin D deficient. Further studies must be carried out, using large sample size and more than one diagnostic technique.

This research aims to determine the effect of emotional intelligence, complaining behavior and job satisfaction on the performance of employees. The object of this research is the employee at the office of Dinas Penanaman Pelayanan Modal Terpadu Satu Pintu Kota Tangerang Selatan. This research was conducted on 86 respondents by using quantitative descriptive approach. So the data analysis used is statistical analysis in the form of multiple linear regression test. The results of this study indicate that partially and simultaneously, emotional intelligence, complaining and job satisfaction have significant effect on employee performance at the office of Dinas Penanaman Pelayanan Modal Terpadu Satu Pintu Kota Tangerang Selatan.

The aim of this research is to know the effectiveness of drinking of mung bean on the increase of Hemoglobin in female adolescents in Paguyaman District. Research type pre-experiment with one group pretest-posttest design. Sample in this research is done with total sampling. The result of the statistical test and the onesample test results obtained p = 0.000 is known that there is a significant difference between pretest and posttest group, therefore the significant value is less than 5% (p = 0.000 <0.05) so that in this case there is effectiveness of giving mung bean drink with hemoglobin increase in adolescent girls in Paguyaman District. This research can be used as input to improve healthy lifestyle and give special attention intake of nutrition consumed by adolescent itself.

Taking the position that writing can be an important skill to foster knowledge building pedagogy; this article explores reading news through mobile applications as a supportive tool for this purpose. Fifteen language learners as participants of the experimental group used two popular news applications on their mobile phones for reading as a pre-task activity that made them outperform their counterparts in the control group in terms of using facts in essays. No significant difference, however, was observed in the overall writing ability of two groups despite considerable progress of the variable content in the experimental group’s favor.

During the current era the patients are too much demanding and always asking for quality services. Their expectations are raised and demand for optimal care from any health care setup. These high expectations from the hospitals result into a tough competition among the hospitals to work for excellence. As a result, health organizations in all sectors have been competing with each other in provision of service quality and customer satisfaction (Pinna et al.,). The main purpose of this study was to assess, Patients’ perceptions about quality of nursing care services public versus private hospitals Lahore. To assess the Patients’ perceptions about quality of nursing care services public versus private hospitals Lahore. A cross sectional descriptive survey was performed to analyze patients’ perceptions about quality of nursing care services. A convenient sample of n=200 was used to collect the information. A structured questionnaire with demographic variables and causes variables was applied. The data was analyzed on SPSS version 22. Independent “T “and ANOVA were applied to analyze the findings. According the findings of this study, only 26.5% of the study participants were poorly satisfied from the care of the hospitals while remaining 73.5% were highly satisfied from the hospital care. The purpose of this study was to assess the satisfaction level of patients from nursing care at public and private hospitals. Overall result shows that the satisfaction level was satisfactory for majority of the study participants.

Basidiomata of a Craterellus sp. were collected from Oaks forest, Swat, Pakistan. Based on morphology and molecular phylogeny, the specimens were identified as Craterellus cinereus. This is first record of occurrence of this genus from Pakistan.

Majority of the drugs used for the treatment of various diseases are administered by oral route using conventional delivery. The major drawback of the oral administration is the poor bioavailability due to the poor water solubility, chemical stability and pre-systemic metabolism. Numerous researches are going on for the improvement of oral bioavailability of drugs using novel drug delivery systems as an alternative to conventional delivery systems. Majority of the novel delivery system includes; solid dispersion, sustained, controlled buccal, gastro retentive, nano carrier delivery systems such as lipid nanoparticles, and self-emulsifying systems. The oral bioavailability improvement by these delivery systems might be due to the increased particle size, improved dissolution and/or permeation and subsequently bioavailability of the drugs. In this review, we attempt to discuss the various novel delivery systems developed for the enhancement of oral bioavailability of poorly water soluble therapeutics.

Abstract: Lipoprotein (a) is independently associated with Atherosclerotic Cardiovascular Disease (ASCVD) and is referred to as the most atherogenic lipoprotein. It is synergistic with the effects of low density lipoprotein cholesterol (LDL-C). Unlike other major classes of lipoproteins that have a normal distribution in the population, plasma levels of Lipoprotein (a) / Lp (a) have a skewed distribution towards the lower end with 85% population having concentration <30 mg/dL. The aim of present study is to estimate the level of serum Lp(a) in cerebrovascular diseases or Strokes. The study was conducted in the Department of Medicine, Department of Biochemistry, Sushila Tiwari Memorial Hospital, the teaching hospital of Uttaranchal Forest Hospital Trust (UFHT) Medical College, Haldwani (Nainital), Uttarakhand, on patients of cerebrovascular disease (CVD) which included estimation of Lp(a) and lipid profile (TC, TG, HDLc, LDLc, VLDLc) test. Out of the 17 women and 36 men in whom Lp (a) was measured, 2 women (mean age63.5 years) and 21 men (59years) had CVD (CVD(+), while 15 women (50.13 years) and 15 men (52.33 years) had no CVD [CVD(–)]. As shown in Table 1, there were no significant differences between women with or without CVD in age and concentration of total plasma cholesterol. The study was based on a small sized cohort of 23 cases suffering from (CVD) out of which 21 were males and 2 were females. Thirty (30) healthy subjects were taken as controls, who were not suffering from any disease, which may affect serum lipid levels and without any history of cerebrovascular disease. Total-C, LDLc, VLDLc, Triglyceride, HDLc, LDL/HDL, Cholesterol/HDL and Lp(a) were estimated in all the cases.

Lip prints are normal lines and fissures in the forms of wrinkles and grooves present in the zone of transition of human lip, between the inner labial mucosa and outer skin. Examination of this lip prints is known as cheiloscopy. Some authors have worked on lip print in the past and made some striking points on its application in forensic studies and human identification. The study was carried out to identify and compare the lip prints patterns among the Igbos. The study was done to investigate and document the characteristic cheiloscopic pattern of Igbos and to assess the distribution of lip print patterns among males and females. A total of 300 subjects were used for the study. 150 were males, 150 were females, all of which were normal subjects. Subjects were selected and identified based on an oral interview. These subjects were selected through purposive convenient sampling method. The males and females had their highest percentage distribution in type I (35.73%) and (30.53%) respectively; the least percentage was in type IV (9.33 %) for the males and type I’ (7.80%) for the females. this study has been able to establish the cheiloscopic patterns for the Igbo ethnic group in Nigeria. The dominant pattern of the population was type I followed by type II and the least was type I’. It also revealed sexual dimorphism in the patterns and frequency of distribution of lip prints.