There is a trio of behaviors in the first 1000 days of life & the relation of this trio in the formation of deciduous teeth. Technically, the first behavioral component is Early Initiation of Breast Feeding (EIBF) followed by Exclusive Breast Feeding (EBF) & the next is the Infant & Young Child Feeding (IYCF). One can surely ponder what role does the Colostrum rich milk has which only flows for the first five days of life has in the formation of deciduous teeth. The next question is to elicit the role of Mature Breast Milk (MBM) in the development of deciduous teeth. Finally, the question arises about the role of Complementary Feeding (CF) or IYCF has in the development of the deciduous teeth. This article focuses on the burden of the issue of deciduous teeth development through the above- mentioned indicators. Thereafter through literature reviews, it delineates the role of these trio behaviors. The article also delves into the literature regarding the deciduous teeth before entering the domain of the behavior trios. In nutshell, the trio of behaviors such as EIBF, EBF & IYCF in the first 1000 days life is the independent variable of this article & the development of deciduous teeth is the dependent variable. As these behaviors are proven & effective interventions/strategies, the linear correlation that emerges among both the variables is ‘behaviors like EIBF, EBF & IYCF positively impact the development of deciduous teeth’.

Ali ibn Isa Al-Kahhal, a medieval Muslim ophthalmologist, remains an underappreciated yet pivotal figure in medical history. His seminal treatise, Tadhkirat al-Kahhalin (The Notebook of the Oculists), is one of the earliest and most comprehensive works on ophthalmology, detailing ocular anatomy, pathology, and surgical techniques. This paper critically examines existing literature on Ali ibn Isa, analyzing his contributions, methodological approaches, and the factors contributing to his relative obscurity in modern historiography. The review highlights his systematic classification of over 130 eye diseases, including pioneering descriptions of cataracts, trachoma, and optic nerve disorders. His surgical innovations, such as the couching technique for cataract removal, were groundbreaking for their time and laid the foundation for future advancements. Moreover, his emphasis on empirical observation and case-based diagnosis anticipated modern clinical methodologies. Despite these achievements, Ali ibn Isa’s legacy has been largely overshadowed by figures like Ibn Sina and Al-Razi. His limited recognition stems from Eurocentric biases in medical history, the fragmentation of Arabic medical manuscripts, and the specialized nature of his work, which may have constrained its broader impact. By re-evaluating his contributions, this study underscores the necessity of integrating non-Western medical traditions into global medical historiography. This paper argues that Ali ibn Isa’s work deserves greater scholarly attention for its historical significance and role in transmitting medical knowledge across cultures and periods. A more inclusive reassessment of medical history offers a richer understanding of the diverse intellectual traditions that have shaped contemporary medical practice.

The exponential growth of academic literature presents significant challenges for researchers in conducting comprehensive literature reviews and maintaining current knowledge in their fields. Traditional research methodologies often prove inadequate for processing the vast volumes of information available across multiple databases and repositories (Chen et al., 2024; Rodriguez & Kim, 2023). This study introduces a novel agentic artificial intelligence framework designed to enhance research productivity through intelligent automation of literature discovery and report generation processes. The proposed system employs a dual-agent architecture comprising a specialized Search Agent responsible for multi-database literature discovery and source quality assessment, and a Drafting Agent focused on content analysis, synthesis, and coherent report generation (Thompson & Williams, 2024). Through empirical evaluation involving 150 research tasks across 15 academic domains, our framework demonstrated substantial improvements over traditional research methods: 55% reduction in time requirements (from 18.7 to 8.3 days average), 23% improvement in source coverage (from 77% to 100%), 60% reduction in cost per literature review (from ,847 to ,139), and 28% increase in user satisfaction scores (from 3.2 to 4.1 out of 5.0). The system maintains high quality standards with an average quality score of 4.2/5.0 compared to 3.9/5.0 for traditional methods (Anderson et al., 2024). Domain-specific analysis reveals varying effectiveness, with interdisciplinary research showing the highest performance gains (68% time savings, 91% user satisfaction), followed by STEM disciplines (62% time savings, 94% satisfaction). The framework addresses critical challenges in academic research including information overload, source verification, and synthesis complexity while maintaining scholarly rigor and citation accuracy (Martinez & Lee, 2023). Implementation results demonstrate the practical viability of agentic AI systems in academic research contexts, providing a scalable solution for institutions seeking to enhance research productivity and quality.

This research examines the structural integrity of asphalt pavements in urban areas of Gulf Cooperation Council (GCC) cities—Riyadh, Dammam, and Dubai—through Falling Weight Deflectometer (FWD) testing. The study shows a general under-design of base layers with average back-calculated moduli ranging from 200–300 MPa, which is lower than the design standard of 400 MPa. A strong reverse correlation is found between Equivalent Single Axle Loads (ESALs) and asphalt modulus; with every increase of 1 million ESALs, there is a decrease of 10% in modulus. Moreover, ambient temperatures above 45 °C are responsible for a 15% reduction in asphalt stiffness, adding to fatigue and rutting hazards. For solution of these requirements, the paper suggests modified FWD thresholds within the climatic conditions of the Gulf: central deflection (D₀) below 120 µm and Surface Curvature Index (SCI) higher than 0.7. The approach covers a quantitative, non-destructive experimental framework by utilizing FWD surveys in shortlisted urban road corridors with a high volume of traffic. Data analysis entails back-calculation of layer moduli and statistical modeling to determine the effect of traffic loading and temperature fluctuations. The results highlight the need for region-specific pavement design and maintenance practices, incorporating FWD data into Pavement Management Systems (PMS) to improve infrastructure resilience and performance in the GCC region.

The present study tries to examine the key factors that determine money demand in India over the period from 1996 to 2020. The Auto-Regressive Distributed Lag model is applied to capture both short-run and long-run dynamics. The long run results show that income, interest rate, and foreign exchange reserves have a significant impact on money demand, while the exchange rate appears statistically insignificant. The error correction term indicates that short-run disequilibrium adjusts toward equilibrium at a rate of 32 percent annually. Overall, the findings show the importance of broad money (M3) as a useful indicator to assess output gaps and inflation expectations, and highlight its role in the formulation of India’s inflation-targeted monetary policy.

Introduction: Although, the traditional medicine is frequently used in the treatment of neurological diseases in sub-Saharan Africa particularly in Mali, very few studies have characterized aspects such as the factors influencing the use of traditional medicine, the types of traditional medicine used, the neurological diseases for which traditional medicine is used, and the adverse events linked to traditional medicine. The aim of our work was to enrich the Neurology Department's data on neurological diseases and traditional medicine, focusing on the different types of traditional medicine used, the factors influencing their use, the neurological diseases for which traditional medicine is used and the adverse events related to traditional medicine use. Method: This was a prospective, cross-sectional study of outpatients and inpatients seen in the neurology department at CHU Gabriel TOURE, conducted over three (3) months. The data collected were entered and analyzed using the following software packages: SPSS version 22.0, Microsoft office Excel 2010 and Epi InfoTM 7. We performed a univariate analysis to obtain the mean and standard deviation for quantitative data, and the numbers and percentages for qualitative data. In the bivariate analysis, Chi-square and Fisher's exact tests were used to determine a significant association between the categorical independent variables and the dependent variable. Values of p<0.05 are considered statistically significant. Results: Of the 106 patients admitted for consultation or hospitalization during the study period, the majority (91.5%) used traditional medicine. Patients with neurological diseases who used traditional medicine accounted for 57.5%. Stroke was the most frequent neurological diseases that motivated our patients to consult or to be hospitalized in the Department of Neurology (36.8%), followed by lumbo-radiculopathy (17.9%). Belief in traditional medicine was the most prevalent factor influencing the use of traditional medicine (57.4%). The majority of patients (83.6%) attributed their illness to divine punishment. Phytotherapy was the most common type of traditional medicine received by our patients (55.7%), followed by massage (27.9%). The majority of our patients had no adverse events (95.3%). Patients with epilepsy and low back pain were more likely to use traditional medicine than those who did not use traditional medicine (RR= 4.80; 95% CI= (1.14 - 20.20) and p= 0.006; RR= 6.27; 95% CI= (1.53 -25.78); p= 0.000). The use of phytotherapy was significantly more frequent in patients seen for stroke (p=0.000) and epilepsy (p=0.002) than others types of traditional medicine. In addition, massage was most frequently used in patients with low back pain (p=0.000) others types of traditional medicine. Conclusion: Our study showed that the majority of our patients used traditional medicine. More than half of patients with neurological diseases used traditional medicine. Factors influencing the use of traditional medicine were mainly dominated by belief in traditional medicine and cultural attachment to traditional medicine. The most commonly used types of traditional medicine are phytotherapy and massage. Neurological diseases for which traditional medicine is used are dominated by stroke and lomboradiculopathy. Almost all our patients have not experienced any adverse effects from traditional medicine.

The pervasive use of polyethylene (PE) bags for cooking and storing staple Nigerian foods poses significant health risks due to heavy metal leaching. This study evaluates the migration of arsenic (As), cadmium (Cd), lead (Pb), and antimony (Sb) from transparent (TPB) and black (BPB) polyethylene bags into Garri, Semovita, Moi Moi, and Okpa under cooking conditions. Food samples, prepared using ingredients from Umuahia markets, were cooked in TPB and BPB, digested with nitric acid and aqua regia, and analysed via Atomic Absorption Spectrophotometry (AAS). Results revealed alarming contamination: BPB-cooked foods exhibited higher metal transfer, with Pb in Okpa (0.4801 mg/kg) and Cd in Moi Moi (0.3150 mg/kg) exceeding WHO/FAO limits (0.3 mg/kg Pb; 0.1 mg/kg Cd). Significant correlations emerged between As-Sb (r = 0.974, p = 0.0256) in uncooked samples and As-Cd (r = 0.9932, p = 0.000672) in cooked foods, highlighting synergistic leaching risks. Transparent bags also exhibited elevated levels of contamination, although these levels were 20–30% lower than those found in BPB-cooked foods. These findings underscore chronic exposure risks, including carcinogenicity and organ damage. Immediate actions are urged: enforcing bans on non-food-grade plastics, promoting biodegradable alternatives (e.g., plantain leaves), and launching public health campaigns to mitigate dietary heavy metal exposure. This study provides critical evidence for policymakers to prioritize food safety regulations in Nigeria and similar contexts by emphasizing feasible transitions to sustainable packaging.

Background: Placenta accreta is a severe pregnancy complication causing postpartum hemorrhage, bladder injury, and peripartum hysterectomy. Ultrasonography for antenatal diagnosis of PAS disorder has shown reduced maternal morbidity and death, making it crucial for management. This study determined the diagnostic value of ultrasound for the antenatal diagnosis of placenta accreta spectrum in women with placenta previa. Methods: This prospective observational study was conducted in the Department of Obstetrics and Gynaecology of Dhaka Medical College from June 2022 to May 2023. Forty pregnant women with placenta previa attending the outpatient section were included. Patients underwent ultrasound to assess the placenta and diagnose placenta accreta spectrum. Patients were followed until delivery. Pregnancy outcomes and perioperative diagnoses were observed or obtained from hospital records. Results: The mean age was 30.58 ± 3.82 years, with the majority of participants aged 30–40 years. About 52.5% had parity ≥3, 60% had cesarean section ≥2, and 20% had previous placenta previa. A significant link existed between parity (≥3), cesarean history (≥2), age (≥32 years), and preoperative PAS diagnosis. Ultrasonography showed that 72.5% had a placenta accreta spectrum, while intraoperative findings showed 80%. Among PAS cases, placenta increta (40.6%) and percreta (40.6%) were most common, followed by accreta (18.8%). In management, 87.5% underwent peripartum hysterectomy, and 21.5% had bladder injury repair. Based on perioperative identification, USG showed 84.38% sensitivity, 75.00% specificity, and 82.50% accuracy. Conclusion: Eighty percent of participants had placenta accreta syndrome. PAS was linked with age over thirty-two, higher parity, and multiple cesarean sections. Most needed peripartum hysterectomy, and one-fifth required bladder repair. Antenatal ultrasonography is a feasible diagnostic tool with sufficient accuracy that may reduce peripartum complications.

Context: This study identifies a set of professional criterion for evaluating online Physical Education (PE) lectures and empirically tests their efficacy on 128 students at Ho Chi Minh City University of Technology and Education (HCMUTE). Findings: Six professional criteriion (PC) were selected through two rounds of expert interviews and Wilcoxon signed-rank testing (P > 0.05): (1) Lecture Introduction; (2) Lecture Content; (3) Learner Interaction; (4) Teaching Materials; (5) Multimedia Usage; and (6) Assessment & Evaluation. The resulting scale demonstrated high internal consistency (Cronbach’s α = 0.809). After eight weeks of implementation, the combined mean score across all six criterion was 3.96/5 (“Agree”), with the highest subscore for Lecture Content (4.13 ± 0.83) and the lowest for Multimedia Usage (3.69 ± 0.97). Coefficients of variation (Cv) fell below 25 % for most criterion, indicating strong consensus among students. Discussion: These findings confirm both the feasibility and professional effectiveness of online PE lectures while suggesting that multimedia design should be further improved to enhance the learning experience.

The transportation agreement in Indonesia is a reciprocal agreement, between the carrier and the sender. Article 468 of the Commercial Code, which regulates the carrier's responsibility for losses due to transportation and Article 193 of the UULLAJ which is a special provision regulating the carrier's responsibility in land transportation law, have weaknesses that have implications for legal disputes, legal uncertainty over damage or loss of goods being transported. The purpose of this study is to examine and find weaknesses in regulations on liability due to errors in the event of an uncertain event in land transportation that are currently not based on the value of justice and how to reconstruct the law. The author uses a constructivism paradigm with a socio-legal research approach that is descriptive analytical. The collection method and type of data used are sourced from primary and secondary data. Data analysis was carried out using a qualitative analysis method. The results of the study show that the Weaknesses in legal substance, weaknesses of Article 468 of the Commercial Code and Article 193 of the UULLAJ, weaknesses in legal culture/culture, namely the weakness of traffic supervisors from the Police and transportation and a culture of lawlessness in transportation. Reconstruction of the value of the principle of responsibility due to errors in the event of an uncertain event in land transportation includes strengthening regulatory compliance in logistics, creating compliance with business efficiency, utilizing the role of technology in ensuring compliance, utilizing insurance and customer protection. Reconstruction of norms is carried out on several articles including Article 468 to become (1) The transportation agreement promises the carrier to maintain the safety of goods to be transported from the time of receipt to the time of delivery. (2) The carrier is responsible for damage or loss of goods if the loss is caused by the error of the carrier or its agent. (3) The carrier is not responsible if the loss is caused by other factors such as the nature of the goods, the condition of the goods, or the sender's error. (4) The losses as referred to in paragraph (2) are calculated based on the actual losses experienced. Article 193 paragraph (1) of the UULLAJ states that the Public Transportation Company is responsible for losses suffered by the sender of the goods because the goods are destroyed, lost, or damaged due to the provision of transportation, unless it is proven that the destruction, loss, or damage of the goods was caused by the nature of the goods, the condition of the goods or the sender's error.

Gut feeling is what is equivalent to intuition & that is why having a healthy gut is very critical. The gut goes through a myriad of issues like Irritable Bowel Disease (IBD), Irritable Bowel Syndrome (IBS) & Celiac Disease (CD). The high calorie, low fibre or the fast foods contribute to gut issues. The uses of pre-biotic & pro-biotic foods have escalated as the gut related issues have cropped up as the mental issues have catalyzed the gut related issue. The relevance of the article has increased in current circumstances as the new COVID variant of 2025 is attacking the gut. Crohn’s disease is also touched upon in the article while also establishing a link between the gut & the Parkinson’s Disease (PD). As the issue of individualized approach gets a focus among the therapeutics, the article discusses the role of Homoeopathy which is an individualized system of treatment. Further, it delves into other modalities of homoeopathy as a therapeutic approach at mass level.

This project presents the development of AI-based facial recognition smart glasses designed to assist visually challenged individuals in identifying people around them. The smart glasses integrate a compact camera with an AI-powered facial recognition system to detect and recognize faces in real time. The recognized faces are then conveyed to the user via an audio output system, enabling seamless interaction in social environments. The system utilizes machine learning algorithms to enhance accuracy and adaptability, allowing users to register and recall known faces. The proposed solution aims to improve the independence and confidence of visually impaired individuals by providing an accessible and user-friendly assistive technology. Through rigorous testing and optimization, the smart glasses demonstrate significant potential in enhancing the daily lives of visually challenged users.

Virtual and augmented reality are both integrated into mixed reality, enabling users to interact with real or artificial environments based on their needs. Integrating mixed reality into dental loupes could reduce treatment time and minimize the need to constantly look away from patients to consult computer screens. This study aims to determine the impact of mixed reality adoption by examining digital screen usage in X-Guide navigated implant surgeries, and to evaluate whether newly adopted assisted reality for navigated implant surgeries reduces computer screen dependency. This retrospective analysis involves two oral surgeons with a total of 55 treated patients. Data from these practitioners will assess mixed reality implementation in dental loupes, measuring their interactions with digital computers based on the treatment type. All implant surgeries utilized X-Guide by X-Nav Technologies. Statistical analysis was conducted using two-sample t-tests to identify whether the usage of assisted reality glasses in implant surgeries reduces treatment time and computer usage. An ANOVA test revealed significant variance in computer usage, indicating that mixed reality benefits vary across oral surgical procedures. Two independent two-sample t-tests revealed a statistically significant 22.1% reduction in treatment time and an 66.7% reduction in computer usage in X-Guide implant surgeries utilizing assisted reality. The findings on computer usage indicated that oral surgery could benefit significantly from mixed reality adoption. Digital implant surgeries with mixed reality integrated loupes would be more advantageous for implant procedures by enabling hand interaction, a feature not available in the screen-mirroring assisted reality glasses used in this study.

The synthesis and characterization of a novel zeolite-A/ZnO/graphene oxide (GO) nanocomposite were explored for the adsorption removal of heavy metals from pharmaceutical wastewater. The zeolite-A, ZnO nanoparticles, GO, and their composite were synthesized via hydrothermal, green, Hummer’s, and wet impregnation methods, respectively. The synthesized samples were characterized using some analytical tools. X-ray diffraction analysis confirmed the successful synthesis of zeolite A, ZnO, and GO, with characteristic peaks aligning with standard crystallographic data. The composite structure displayed unique diffraction shifts, indicating the interaction between ZnO and the zeolitic framework. Scanning electron microscopy revealed distinct morphological features of individual components and their successful integration within the composite. Energy dispersive X-ray spectroscopy and elemental mapping further validated the composition of the nanocomposite and homogeneity. Brunauer–Emmett–Teller analysis demonstrated a high surface area of 115.70 m²/g for the composite, significantly higher than its individual constituents, alongside improved pore structure and volume. The adsorption performance was assessed for Cd, Fe, and Cr ions, showing superior removal efficiencies within 40–50 min, with maximum adsorption capacities of 107.92 mg/g (Cr), 98.28 mg/g (Fe), and 94.51 mg/g (Cd). Increased nanosorbent dosage and temperature positively influenced removal efficiency, achieving complete elimination at optimized conditions. Adsorption kinetics followed a pseudo-second-order model, confirming chemisorption as the dominant mechanism, while equilibrium data aligned with the Langmuir isotherm, indicating monolayer adsorption. The composite exhibited excellent stability and reusability across multiple cycles, demonstrating its potential for practical wastewater treatment applications and its sustainability for heavy metal remediation, offering a promising solution for mitigating environmental pollution from pharmaceutical wastewater.

The present study focused on the phytochemical profile, isolation of bioactive components, and determination of the toxicity of Azadirachta indica seed extract. The crude extracts of seeds of A. indica were prepared by cold maceration in hexane, ethyl acetate, methanol, and water. Phytochemical screening followed by column chromatography separated main fractions. Acute toxicity was studied using albino mice, administering doses to calculate LD50 and observing for behavioral and physical changes. A. indica seed extracts routinely produce a "brown gummy mass" that is dominated by non-polar chemicals, with hexane obtaining the highest extraction efficiency (28.55%), indicating phytochemical diversity and solvent selectivity. Ethyl acetate had the maximum ability to extract phenols and flavonoids, while methanol was efficient for tannin recovery; this clearly shows the influence of the degree of polarity on the solvent concerning phytochemical extraction. Hexane extract of A. The highest phytochemical diversity was observed in the seeds of A. indica, followed by methanol and then ethyl acetate. The 1H-NMR of compound Fa1 isolated from A. indica seeds confirmed the molecular structure, pointing out functional groups, methyls-and stereochemistry. The 13C-NMR spectrum of A. indica extract showed aliphatic, aromatic, and methyl carbons, giving important signals with significant chemical shifts due to functional groups. GC-MS of Fa1 from A. The A. indica showed complex structural features that included hydroxyl groups and alkyl fragments, confirming its bioactivity and possible interactions with biological systems. Hexane crude extract of seeds of A. indica showed minimal acute toxicity profile in albino mice. No mortality or symptoms were observed during a 24-hour observation period in doses as high as 5000 mg/kg. Whereas the ethyl acetate extract of A. indica seed showed no mortality at any concentration, the crude methanol extract in its crude form exhibited no signs of toxicity or fatality, even at 5000 mg/kg. This dictates its safety profile. Acute toxicity studies of A. indica Linn-seed extract fraction F1 in albino mice do not provide any evidence of any damage, even at high dosages up to 5000 mg/kg. Finally, A. indica seed extracts demonstrate varied phytochemicals and minimal toxicity, confirming their potential for safe bioactive uses.