It is a well-known verity that many systemic diseases are manifested in the oral cavity. Irrespective of the organ system involved, changes frequently occur in the oral cavity reflecting disease elsewhere in the body. Uremic stomatitis is one such rare oral mucosal disorder associated with end-stage renal failure. Clinically it is characterized by the presence of painful plaques and crusts that are usually distributed on the buccal mucosa, dorsal or ventral surface of the tongue, gingiva, lips, and floor of the mouth. Hence, it is accurately said that oral cavity is the mirror of the general health and treating the underlying disease first followed by local therapy is the way to manage these conditions. Here, we discuss a rare case of a young male patient presenting with oral manifestations of previously undiagnosed renal failure.

This study was carried out to find out the extent of oxidation and its effects of oxidation if any on the renal handling of Na+, Cl-, K+ and HCO3- in rats fed open market purchased palm oil. Forty male wistar rats (weighing 140-160grams) were randomly distributed into three groups of ten rats each viz: control, fed normal rat chow, FPOmill (fed 15% mill fresh palm oil diets), FPOmarket (fed 15% w/w open market purhased fresh palm oil diets) and PPO (fed 15%w/w photoxidized palm oil diets) groups. Animals received water ad libitum. The experiment lasted for 12 weeks. Blood and Urine samples were collected at the end and the concentations of Na+, Cl-, K+ and HCO3- were determined. Mean plasma concentrations of Na+, Cl+, and HCO3- of FPOmarket and PPO groups were significantly (P<0.001, P<0.001 and P<0.05 respectively) lower than control and FPOmill groups. Plasma potassium levels showed the reverse. The urine concentration of Na+ and Cl- of the FPOmarket and PPO groups were significantly (P<0.001) higher than the control and FPOmill groups; The urine concentrations of K+ in the control and FPOmill groups were significantly (P<0.0) higher than the FPOmarket and PPO groups. The urine bicarbonate levels of the FPOmarket were significantly (P<0.05) lower than that of FPOmill. The urine output of the FPOmarket and PPO groups were significantly (P<0.001) lower than control and FPOmill groups. In conclusion, open market “fresh” palm oil has undergone some oxidation and is detremental to health. Its consumption should therefore be discouraged.

The aim of this study is to examine the critical macroeconomic variables that determine the inflows of FDI in Nigeria over the period of 1990 to 2017 which past studies have not fully explored. Consequently, the study utilized data from UNCTAD World Bank database and CBN Statistical Bulletin and error correction model was used to address the objective of this study. However, the following are the crucial findings that originated from this study. The following are the crucial findings that the study discovered. The error correction term indicates that about 22% of total disequilibrium due to external shock in the previous year is corrected in the current year. The principal driver of FDI inflows in Nigeria is growth rate of the economy. While, market size only caused an insignificant FDI inflow in the short run. Therefore, FDI inflow in Nigeria is not market seeking. Furthermore, based on these findings, this study makes the following recommendations for the policy makers in Nigeria. The policy makers should embark on holistic approach that has the capacity to expand the country`s market size and ensure a double-digit growth rate of the economy. In the same vein, the policy measures that would guarantee sustainability of the FDI inflows through market size and growth rate of economy in the long run should be put in place by the policy makers in Nigeria.

This study examined the extent to which the presence of local markets in Moshi District Council, especially in Kibosho area, influenced the cultural change of the Chagga from the 1890s to 1950s. Specifically the study analyzed the presence of local markets as a complex sector of commercial activity among the Chagga. Local markets played an important role in social, economic, political and cultural change of African communities; which expressed the conceptual association of learning new practices outside the sphere of their families. Data for this study were collected through archival sources, oral interviews and secondary sources. It has drawn on Evolutionary Diffusion Theory to make sense of the extent at which the process of cultural diffusion was responsible for cultural change in Moshi Rural District as the Chagga came into contact with other cultures. The major finding of this study is that local markets had significant meaning in the history of the Chagga because they acted as a centre for cultural transformation through diffusion or adaptation.

It is common to analyse literature works with the help of linguistic knowledge. The abidance and violation of the Cooperative Principle (CP) in some novels may have the an unexpected literary works. In spite of tremendous researches on The Little Prince, there are few studies analyzing the dialogues between characters in literary works from the perspective of the violation of CP. This article tries to analyz the conversations in The Little Prince, based on Grice’s Cooperative principle. The aim of this article is to reveal the the features of the main characters and the deep meaning behind the literal words. Through the analysis of the violation of CP in the communications, readers can have a better understanding of the essence of The Little Prince. Meanwhile this study shows that in the process of appreciating literary works, it is possible to understand the text better, with the help of linguistic knowledge.

The co-infection with Hepatitis B&C is a common problem in HIV infected patients as immune deficiency accelerates disease progression and may complicate the management of patients. The Co-infection is also associated with the reduced survival and an increases risk of progression to severe liver diseases with higher susceptibility towards hepatotoxicity due to antiretroviral therapy. The co-existence is quite permissive due to their shared modes of transmissions which are mostly through sexual contact with infected individuals, infected blood and blood products and vertical transmission. Materials and Methods: Serum samples were collected from HIV positive patients for detection HBsAg and anti-HCV antibodies by ELISA. Results: Out of 1000 HIV Seropositive patients 45 (4.5%) were positive for Hepatitis B, and 8(0.8%) were positive for HBV and HCV co-infection. Conclusion: Hepatitis B&C co-infection was found to be significantly higher in HIV positive individuals in comparison to normal population. Hepatitis virus infection leads to rapid progression of liver cirrhosis in HIV infected patients. Hence all HIV patients need to be routinely tested for markers of Hepatitis B&C infection may be required to monitor the clinical outcome.

Introduction: The purity of the hemodialysis fluids is crucial for hemodialysis patients who are inevitably exposed to a large volume of water during hemodialysis. During this process the semi-permeable artificial membrane comes into direct contact with the bloodstream. Therefore it is important to monitor the purity of dialysis water. Aim and objectives: To compare two different methods for dialysis water analysis. Material and methods: 50 samples of dialysis water were collected from Saveetha Medical College and Hospital for this study. The study was conducted from 2018 December to 2019 March after getting Institutional Human Ethical Committee (IHEC) Clearance. By using the criteria of the AAMI, the present study is taken up to analyse the sensitivity of two different cultures technique i.e., spread plate and membrane filteration technique. Results: The standardization shows that spread plate technique was 80% effective and membrane filtration technique was 70% effective in identifying 100 CFU/mL of bacteria tested. Out of 50 unknown samples tested, 2 were ultra-pure, 21 were between 0.1-50 CFU/mL, 16 were between 50-100 CFU/mL and 11 were >100 CFU/mL by Spread plate technique. Likewise, 6 were ultra-pure, 30 were between 0.1-50 CFU/mL, 10 were between 50-100 CFU/mL and 4 were >100 CFU/mL by Membrane Filtration technique. Conclusion: From this study, spread plate technique proves to be equally sensitive with membrane filtration technique for analyzing dialysis water but when ultrapure water needs to be analyzed, spread plate technique gives much better bacterial recovery. i.e., only 2 samples were proved to be ultra-pure by Spread plate technique.

Basra gets its water from the Shatt al-Arab, the waterway formed by the Euphrates and Tigris rivers. Then it takes its way to the community through the water treatment plant. The tap water samples were studied to assess their bacteriological characteristics and their suitability for drinking purposes. Ten different localities and two bottled drinking water companies at Basra city were selected in this study. Bacteriological examination of water samples included the most probable number of presumed coliforms and fecal coliform bacteria. The results showed that the total number of coliforms was detected in all water samples taken from the ten sites. These samples were also having a positive result using another methods EMB medium and Membrane Filtrations Technique. There was no evidence of coliforms presence in two samples of bottled drinking water. The most common group of organisms used in water quality control are coliforms. These organisms represent the bacteria usually present in the intestinal tract of animals and humans. Biological contamination of water may occur during transportation from the plant to the consumer or during storage in the tank. Improving and expanding existing water and wastewater treatment systems is likely to provide good, safe and sustainable sources of water in the long term.

Background: Coronary artery disease (CAD) is caused by atherosclerosis and its complications. Total leukocyte count and platelet have different roles in the pathogenesis of ST- segment elevation myocardial infarction (STEMI). Aims and Objective: To evaluate the prognostic significance of haematological parameters in myocardial infarction patients by comparing with healthy subjects. Materials and Methods: This prospective study was carried out on 48 cases diagnosed with ST elevation myocardial infarction (STEMI) and 48 normal healthy subjects from June 2018 to July 2019 in department of pathology and cardiology at Narayana Medical College & Hospital. Results: Of the total, 48 cases, 35 (72.91%) are men, 13(27.09%) are women with myocardial infarction and 48 controls of which 32(66.67%) are men and 16(33.33%) are women. Neutrophil-lymphocyte ratio (NLR) and platelet –lymphocyte ratio (PLR) were found to be significantly higher in STEMI group than the controls (p<0.005), 8.669±2.06 vs 2.09±0.45 and 210.05 ± 40.93vs 117.01±29.41. Mean platelet volume (MPV), Platelet distribution width (PDW) are higher in cases when compared to healthy subjects (13.79±3.36 vs 8.48±1.23) and (15.85±0.96 vs 14.71±1.16). Conclusion: Mean platelet volume (MPV), platelet distribution width (PDW), Neutrophil - lymphocyte ratio (NLR), Platelet-lymphocyte ratio (PLR) are considered to be an independent risk factors for myocardial infarction.

Georgia is in the leading position in Europe with its tax policy, which is confirmed by many international ratings. According to the World Bank rating, Georgia ranks 6th in terms of ease of doing business. In terms of simplicity of paying taxes Georgia is also one of the distinguished ones. It is on the list of countries offering taxpayers a revised Tax Code and bylaws, also, for the simplicity of the relationship with the tax authority, most electronic services are offered [1]. Many tax reforms have been implemented to support entrepreneurs and expand their activities. This article provides a brief overview of the major tax reforms implemented since 2011 and research in entrepreneurs, which clearly reflects the expectations of the implemented reforms and the impact on the activities of the entrepreneurs.

This study aims to examine the effect of mechanisms good corporate governance (consisting of institutional ownership and managerial ownership), cash flow volatility and investment opportunity set (IOS) on earnings quality. The population in this study was companies with manufacturing types listed on the Indonesia Stock Exchange in the period 2013 to 2017. The sample obtained using the purposive random sampling method was 130 data. Data analysis uses multiple linear regressions. The results showed that the mechanism of good corporate governance does not affect earnings quality, but the volatility of cash flows and investment opportunity set (IOS) affect earnings quality.

With the rapid development of information technology and the huge business opportunities brought by China’s entry into the World Trade Organization (WTO), English advertisements are increasingly teemed with daily life. Therefore, the internationalization and globalization of advertisements has become an indispensable portion of people’s lives. Among them, the Chinese translation of English advertisements is becoming more and more important. The translation of English advertisements that is in line with aesthetic habits of Chinese readers can considerably boost the effect of publicity and effectively promote the sales of products. Based on the Skopos theory, this article analyzes several translation strategies of English advertisement through specific examples from the perspective of the uniqueness of English advertisement. It provides a theoretical basis for the translators to flexibly employ translation strategies in commercial English advertisements. And it has the vital guiding significance for advertisers to successfully attract consumers and achieve the purpose of advertising by the optimal translation.

A clinicopathological case report of a woman with an unusual right lower eyelid lesion is presented. The lesion was a slow growing ulcerated nodule over the eyelid clinically simulating a basal cell carcinoma, however unexpectedly the biopsy revealed the growth to be an eccrine poroma. Sweat glands occur commonly on the eyelids and eccrine poroma should be considered in the differential diagnosis of eyelid tumours.

Aims & Objectives: The present study was intended to know the awareness about the recording and maintenance of patient data profile by the dental and medical clinicians. Materials & Methods: The study included google based survey analysis of questionnaire among the medical and dental clinicians. Twenty questionnaires related to knowledge, record maintenance and its advancements of collections were assessed. The answers were collected in tabulated data and statistical evaluation was done. Results: Of total 484 subjects, 131 were the dental clinicians and 353 were medical clinicians. Difference in the response was observed among the dental and medical clinicians. Data showed majority 76.86% were good in record maintenance, 10.74% were better and only 11.98% were considered to be very good. Conclusion: Records should be durable and accessible but safe from tampering or falsification. Also the medical and dental professionals should be stressed to use of health information systems for data management, to ensure the patients better health.

Cleft lip and palate is a commonly observed congenital maxillofacial defect. Prosthodontics intervention is usually required after incomplete or complete surgical closure of the defect. The final option of treatment mainly depends on the existing clinical condition and patient’s acceptance towards the treatment. In this case report, the patient was treated with a fixed partial denture and a removable, flexible gingival epithesis. This clinical report describes a conservative and cost effective method of rehabilitation of such type of defect.